COURSE CODE: SBI3U

Unit 2: Genetic Processes

UNIT TEST#2

Section A. Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)

Directions: Place the letter of the answer that is most correct on the line provided.
1. What part of nucleotides distinguishes one type from another? k
(a) ring-shaped sugar
(b) phosphate group
(c) nitrogenous base
(d) bonds Answer:____C_______

2. Which of the following is not a phase in mitosis? k

(a) anaphase
(b) interphase
(c) metaphase
(d) prophase Answer:_____B______

3. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? k

(a) 46
(b) 96
(c) 13
(d) 23 Answer:___D________

4. Trisomy is a genetic condition that results from which type of chromosome error? k
(a) deletion
(b) non-disjunction
(c) inversion
(d) insertion Answer:____D_______

5. What does the term “phenotype” refer to? k

(a) an individual’s expressed traits

(b) the genetic make-up of an individual
(c) the type of allele an individual has
(d) the sex of an individual Answer:____A_______

6.What type of cross occurs when an individual of unknown genotype is bred with a
homozygous individual? k
 (a) parental cross
(b) monohybrid cross
(c) dihybrid cross
(d) test cross Answer:____D_______

7. What type of inheritance results in an in-between phenotype for a heterozygous

condition? k
(a) sex-linked inheritance
(b) codominance
(c) incomplete dominance
(d) complete dominance Answer:___C________

8. What is the tendency for alleles for different genes to be inherited together? k
(a) chromosome linkage
(b) segregation of alleles
(c) genetic mapping
(d) genetic linkage Answer:___D________

9. What is the full DNA sequence for an organism called? k

(a) a genome
(b) a gene
(c) an allele
(d) a genotype Answer:_____A______

10. What is the process of combining genes from different species into a single DNA
molecule? k
(a) cloning
(b) cross-fertilization
(c) hybridization
(d) recombinant DNA technology Answer:____D_______
Section B. Matching Questions (10 marks)
Directions: Place the letter of the choice from Column 2 next to its match in Column 1.
k

Column 1 Column 2
Vocabulary Terms Choices
11. allele C A. orderly sequence of events in a
eukaryotic cell’s life
12. sex-linked gene F B. any change to the DNA of a cell

13. law of independent H C. alternative version of a gene

assortment
14. trait G D. pieces of DNA made by cutting it with
restriction enzymes
15. cell cycle A E. sex cell; egg or sperm

16. genetically modified I F. any gene located on a sex chromosome

organism
17. presymptomatic testing J G. characteristic of an organism, such as
hair colour or the sound of a person’s
voice
18. gamete E H. genes that segregate independently in
meiosis do not influence each other’s
inheritance
19. mutation B I. an organism with genetic material that
has been altered through genetic
engineering
20. restriction fragment D J. genetic testing for disorders that appear
after birth or later in life

Section C. Short Answer Questions (30 marks)

Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

21. What must happen to the genetic information in each cell before cell division
occurs? Why is this process necessary? k

Before cell division occurs all of the DNA must be copied and then the two copies
separated so that each daughter cell ends up with a complete set of DNA that are
including all the information of the mother cell. Cause new cells( daughter cells) has
to have all the information of their mother cell so the mother cell can get divided its
own self into the other new daughter cell and with this cells can repair a tissue of the
body or even do reproduction.
22. How is it possible for DNA to fit into the nucleus of a cell? k

As we know DNA is too long and it about 2.2 meters and it fits inside the cell
nucleus because it packages itself inside chromosomes. Being packaged inside
chromosomes involve DNA folding itself over and over again into tiny compact
blocks that are packaged nicely in chromosomes. Eventually once cells divide
through Mitosis, DNA then gets passed on into new cells through chromosomes and
then get repackaged again.

23. Why do cells such as skin and blood cells reproduce more often than other cells in
the body? k Our skin is constantly worn down by making contact with everything
around us. To prevent our skin from been worn out, new skin cells are made at all
times to make up for this loss. They die and the iron they carry is soon used up so
eventually they leave the body usually blood cells die every 120 days and they have to
be replace with new ones but in the other cell like Neuron cells do not need
replacement once the nervous network is established. Muscle cells are only produced
during muscle growth and repair.

24. How does the process of crossing over during meiosis contribute to the genetic
variation of the offspring? k How does the process of crossing over during meiosis
contribute to the genetic variation of the offspring and basically crossing over is
exchanging genetic information between chromosome that after process of miosis
that sister chromatids exchange the information these will be 4 cell that they are
haploid.

25. Suppose an animal has a diploid number of 12 chromosomes (2n = 12). If a non-
disjunction event were to occur resulting in trisomy in one of this animal’s gametes,
how many chromosomes would that gamete contain? t 7

26. How do Punnett squares help us predict the probable outcome of offspring from a
genetic cross? k

As we know Punnett square is a diagram showing the allele combination that might
result from a genetic crossing over between two parents. And allele of first parent
will be place cross the top of the square and the allele of second parent will be
place along left side of the square an with this process the possible gene
combinations of the offspring will be place inside of the square.

27. In rabbits, the black coat-colour allele (B) is dominant to the chocolate coat-colour
allele (b).
 If two rabbits heterozygous for black coat-colour mate, what is the probability that
their offspring will have chocolate-coloured coats? t ¼ or 25%

B b

BB Bb

Bb bb

28. How does incomplete dominance differ from complete dominance? k

As we know in incomplete dominance No allele is dominant or recessive they blend

together in the offspring, however, in complete dominance there is always a
dominant allele and a recessive allele that is weaker than dominance allele.

29. State the chromosome theory of inheritance. k

30. Model organisms are very similar genetically to humans. How does this make model
organisms important in genetic research? k