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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

This Republic Act No. 6975, otherwise known as the

“Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,”

provides that the task of jail management and penology shall be the

responsibility of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

(BJMP). As an institution, and pursuant to the mandate earlier

mentioned, the BJMP has defined through consultative and

participatory strategic planning sessions its vision, mission, powers,

functions, values, objectives and principles; in view of the number

of challenges brought about by time and circumstances having

particular bearing on the bureau's operations, it behooves the

BJMP to revisit its existing Comprehensive Operations Manual

make it more responsive to the bureau's mandate of "Safekeeping

and Development" of all district, city and municipal jail inmates; it

has become imperative to ensure uniformity in the discharge of

functions by all BJMP personnel concerned; to ensure uniformity in

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the implementation BJMP policies, rules and regulations; and to

ensure uniformity in the treatment of inmates in BJMP-manned jails

including those over which BJMP may exercise operational

jurisdiction, by virtue of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA); the

R.A 6975 was amended of R.A 9262 also known as an act

providing for the professionalization of the Bureau of Fire Protection

(BFP) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is

responsible for those prisoners the penalty is not exceed three (3)

years

The rules and regulations of BJMP in Quezon City Jail is to

give discipline the inmates and to maintain the peace and order

inside the jail; especially for the safeness of visitors.

The rule and regulation of the BJMP serves as guideline to

all municipal, provincial and city jail to attain uniformity .it guides the

personnel and detainee in its daily basis. They implement every

detail on how detainee and jail officer act. It helps them works easy

in daily basis and to control the movement of the detainee. The

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Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) exercises

supervision and control over all city and municipal jails, including

their establishment and maintenance in every district, city and

municipality for a secure, clean, adequately equipped and sanitary

jail for the custody and safekeeping of city and municipal prisoners,

any fugitive from justice, or person detained awaiting investigation

or trial and/or transfer to the national penitentiary, including violent

mentally ill person who endangers himself or the safety of others,

duly certified as such by the proper medical or health officer,

pending transfer to a mental institution.

We picked this title because we want to know the rules and

regulations of Bureau of Jail management and Penology (BJMP) in

Quezon City Jail. We want to know how to implement the rules and

regulation of jail officers and how the visitors and inmates obey

their rules and regulations inside the Quezon City jail. If we passed

the Criminology License Examination (CLE) this are one of our

option to serve on the government.

Statement of the Problem

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This study aims to determine the rules and regulations of

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) in Quezon City

Jail. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following sub-questions.

1. How may the profile of the respondent’s be describe in terms of?

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender;

1.3. Civil Status;

1.4. Educational Attainment; and

1.5. Length of Service

2. How may the respondents assess the Rules and Regulations of

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in Quezon City jail in

terms of?

2.1. Performance of Duty;

2.2. Relation to the inmates; and

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2.3. Implementation of rules and regulation?

3. What are the problem’s encountered by Bureau of Jail

management and Penology in the implementation of their Rules

and Regulations inside the Quezon City Jail in terms of the

aforementioned variables?

4. What are the suggested solution to improve the Rules and

Regulations of BJMP in Quezon City Jail?

Assumption

1. That the data gathered are valid and reliable.

2. That the respondents may describe in terms of age, gender, civil

status, Educational attainment and length of service.

3. That there are rules and regulations in the Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology in Quezon City assessed by the

respondents
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4. That there are problems encountered by the BJMP in the

implementation of their rules and regulation inside the Quezon City

Jail.

5. That there are suggested solution to improve the Rules and

regulations of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in Quezon

City Jail?

Significance of the study

Jail officer- this research could help to jail officer to know how to

improve the rules and regulation of BJMP.

DILG (Department of Interior and Local Government)- to get

information in the implementation of the rules and regulation

inside the jail under the BJMP.

Community- this research could help to community to give

knowledge about the rules and regulation of BJMP to Quezon City

Jail.
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Professors-This result could help professor, especially for those

teaching about "correctional and non-correctional institutions" to

know and add a knowledge about this.

Criminology Students-This result could help to all criminology

students to give knowledge what are duties of a jail officer to

implement the rules and regulation to inmate, especially for those

want to enter in BJMP.

Future Researcher -This result could help the future researchers to

give as guide on how to make a thesis.

Scope and Limitation of Study

The Subject of this study are focused to Rules and

Regulation of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology on Quezon

City Jail.

The Setting of this study will be at Quezon City jail

Kamuning Quezon City.

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The Respondents of the study are limited for 25

respondents compose of five (5) jail officers, ten(10) inmates and

ten (10) visitors of Quezon City Jail.

The Time frame of the study covers the Academic Year

2018-2019

DEFINITION OF TERMS

City Jail - is a facility or a place of confinement for those inmates

who are sentenced with a penalty from (1) one day to three (3) year

imprisonment

Contraband - any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or

forbidden by jail rules that would pose as security hazards or

endanger the lives of inmates.

Conjugal Visitation – refers to the visit by the wife for a short

period, usually an hour, more or less, to her incarcerated husband

during which they are allowed privacy and are generally understood

to have sexual contact.

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Detainee - a person who is accused before a court or competent

authority and is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing or

awaiting investigation, trial, or final judgment.

High Risk Inmates in BJMP Jails - are those considered as highly

dangerous or with high probability of escaping or being rescued

because of the gravity of the crimes they are accused of or have a

propensity for being troublemakers or initiators of jail riots and

disturbance and who require a high degree of control and

supervision.

High Profile Inmates in BJMP Jails - are those who are not

necessarily charged with heinous crimes but are prominent figures

in society or public figures whose cases have drawn public interest.

Inmate - is the generic term used to refer to a detainee or prisoner.

Instrument of Restraint - a device, contrivance, tool or instrument

used to hold back, keep in, check or control inmates; e.g.,

handcuffs.

Jail - is a place of confinement for city and municipal

detainees/prisoners, any fugitive from justice, or person detained

awaiting or undergoing investigation or trial and/or pending transfer

to the National Penitentiary, and/or violent, mentally ill person who

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endangers him/herself or the safety of others, duly certified as such

by the proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to a mental

institution.

Jail Aide – is an inmate who requires less supervision than other

inmates. Although he/she may be assigned special tasks, he/she

has no special privileges, and is not allowed to work alone nor

exercise any authority over other inmates.

Jail Incident -any untoward or uncommon actions, events, or

conditions such as jail break, riot, noise barrage, stabbing or

assault upon personnel that occurs in jail and perpetrated by any

person, which may or may not have followed or depended upon

another action of grave or serious consequences such as escape,

injury, death, fire, flood, earthquake, or other calamity which affects

the jail.

Jailbreak - the escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates by

the use of force, threat, violence or deceit or by breaching security

barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence, by tunneling and/or

by other similar means or by burning or destructing of the facility or

a portion of the facility with or without the aid of jail officer or any

other person.
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Jail escape - it is an act of leaving from jail of an inmate through

unofficial and illegal ways or without any legal order from the

authorities.

Jail Warden- person charged with the overall operational and

administrative control of jail.

Illegal Contraband- are those that are unlawful in themselves and

not because of some extraneous circumstances (i.e. dangerous

drugs, weapons, potential weapons, explosives).

Nuisance Contraband - are those that may not be classified as

illegal under the Philippine laws but are forbidden by jail rules i.e.

cellphone, money or other commodities of exchange such as

jewelry, appliances and gadgets, excessive wearing apparels and

sleeping paraphernalia, intoxicating liquors, cigarettes,

pornographic materials, gambling paraphernalia and other products

that are considered as instruments for vices since they threaten the

security, fire safety, sanitation of the facility, and the orderly

activities of the jail.

Offender - refers to a person who is accused of violating or

transgressing laws and ordinances passed by competent

authorities in the Philippines.

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Officer - in general, the term officer shall refer to all uniformed

personnel of the BJMP; when referring to rank, however, the term

officer shall refer to those holding the rank of jail inspector and

above.

Penology - a branch of criminology dealing with jail management

and administration of inmates.

Prisoner - an inmate who is convicted by final judgment.

Safekeeping - refers to the temporary custody of a person for

his/her own protection from the community he or she comes from,

and for the community he or she comes from.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This Chapter presents the review related literature and

studies in both local and foreign literature and relevance of the

previous to the present study.

Literature discussed published information such as book,

scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular

issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a

description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in

relation to the research problem being investigating.

Related Literature

Local

According to Alex Badayos (2018), the Talisay City Jail was

placed on red alert following the ambush that killed three inmates

yesterday morning. Chief Supt. Arnold Buenacosa, the Bureau of

Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) 7 director, said an internal

investigation will be done to determine if there were lapses in

following the security protocol. Buenacosa said he ordered 40 city

jail officers and six from the regional headquarters to secure the

facility around the clock. The jail official said they will also review
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their security protocol in transporting inmates. He said the road in

Barangay Linao taken by the BJMP van toward the Talisay City Hall

of Justice was the nearest route. The BJMP’s operations manual

laid out the security measures when moving or transporting

inmates. It said the escort personnel should always be on guard for

a possible attack. The manual, however, does not discuss in detail

what should be done in the event of an ambush.

Section 42.6 states: “If possible, personnel from Jail Intelligence

Unit shall serve as covert security by serving as advance party of

the convoy and shall conduct road scanning of the agreed route to

detect any threat to the inmate and his/her escorts while en route.”

According to Gabriel Pabico Lalu (2018) a total of 1,043 jail

officers from different Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

(BJMP) regional wings took their oaths of office simultaneously to

minimize the shortage of their personnel. “With an annual regular

quota of 500 recruits in the previous years, the BJMP for the first

time pushed for the approval of increase on the recruitment quota

from 500 to 1000 jail officers,” BJMP Chief Jail Director Deogracias

Tapayan said in a statement on Monday.

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BJMP said that as per the Directorate for Personnel and Records

Management, 619 male and 424 female officers were added to the

bureau’s roster of rank and file employees. These new recruits will

help in the management of the 486 district, city, and municipal jails

nationwide, which house 144,020 persons deprived of liberty

(PDLs). The agency also said that the massive recruitment efforts

are consistent with BJMP’s project #ILoveBJMP, and its request for

additional funding from the Department of Budget and Management

for the fiscal year 2018. As a result, there are only 83 remaining

slots out of the 1,320 vacant positions for jail officers, which are

expected to be filled up before the start of August. “The mass hiring

is essential to provide quality jail management service towards a

more rehabilitative facility for our PDL,” Tapayan said. According to

BJMP, applicants for jail officers should be aged 21 to 30 years old,

a possessor of a college degree and civil service eligibility. Aside

from being at least 1.62 meters tall for men and 1.57 meters for

women, applicants also should not weigh more than five kilograms

from their ideal weight. BJMP said that an entry level jail officer will

earn a net pay of P37,488, inclusive of hazard pay, subsistence

allowance, rice allowance, and clothing and laundry allowance.

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According to Rambo Talabong (2018), Former Customs

Commissioner Nicanor Faeldon was transferred to BJMP custody

around 12:05noontime today," the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP) said in a statement. According to BJMP

spokesman Senior Jail Inspector Xavier Solda, Faeldon will be

treated the same way as the almost 1,000 other inmates. "He will

be living with other inmates, no special treatment," Solda said in a

statement.The Pasay City Jail is 840% congested, according to the

latest data from the BJMP. A source from the High Court said SC

justices did not tackle Faeldon's petition during their en banc

session on Tuesday. "It was not immediately raffled last Monday so

it was not included in the agenda," the source said. In Faeldon's

petition, he questioned the legality of his detention, saying that

"legislative contempt" is not enough reason to deprive him of liberty

for more than 130 days.

According to Cristina Palabay (2017) “Prisoners are neither

okay nor comfortable. The Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology’s (BJMP’s) budget per inmate is a meager PhP50 per

day, an amount insufficient in providing quality and decent meals

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and at times subject of corruption by jail officials. Under the Duterte

regime, two political prisoners have already died because of grave

conditions behind bars, along with scores of other ordinary inmates.

There is nothing to be happy about compounding the degrading

and inhuman situation already endured by prisoners,” Karapatan

secretary general Cristina Palabay said on President Rodrigo

Duterte’s expression of satisfaction in jail conditions in his visit to

Camp Bagong Diwa jails yesterday, October 18.

According to Arceo (2014), the Bureau of Jail Management

and Penology in Pasay City beefed up its security as the newly

appointed jail warden, Supt.Noel Montalvo, imposed stricter

measures and added more personnel to guard the building. He

imposed stricter measures like adding more close-circuit television

(CCTV) Cameras, conducting surprise inspections and adding

more personnel to guard the jail. The said inspection result from

confiscation cigarettes and drug paraphernalia such as aluminum

foil, four disposal lighters, five razor blades, hair pin, rope which

they use in pulling cigarettes from the cell window.

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According to Porcana and Punay (2014), the existence of

all these contraband are not allowed in the first place; and,

therefore, the jail personnel is going to undertake all measures and

insure that these things should not happen again. According to

them the drugs inmates will be housed in that facility so they be

guarded will because we believes that segregation of drug inmates

from the rest of the inmate population is an important measure to

ensure that they cannot continue their illegal drugs trade and inhibit

their contacts and movement.

Foreign

According to Pritam Pal Singh (2018), The Aam Aadmi

Party government informed the Delhi High Court that they have

amended the prison manual in order to bring basic uniformity in

rules and regulations governing the administration of prisons and

management of prisoners in Tihar Jail.

According to Abbasi (2017), while large companies like

Amazon test drone delivery system, inmates in jails across the

country are already using the devices to receive their own aerial

shipments; smuggled contraband. Expert say current anti-drone

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technologies fail to protect jails against unmanned aerial devices

that transport dangerous items, including firearms which are almost

impossible to sneak in via traditional prison smuggling methods.

While smuggling contraband into prison through any methods

violates federal law, no statute current bars drones from flying near

correctional facilities.

According to Fantz (2015), drugs, weapons, liquor,

cigarettes they are typically contraband. But by far the most

dangerous and most desired object is a smart phone, Cell phones,

are routinely stuffed into footballs, bags, valley balls and thrown

over prison walls in the middle of the night. In one instance in 2012,

Georgia corrections officials found a dead cat-stuffed with

cellphone near a prison fence. Phones allows to prisoner to convey

to someone on the outside when and where to toss the contraband,

so an in inmate during recreation time are just walking across a

yard can pick it up. Cell phones have lately been used to tell an

outsider when and where to fly a drone over a prison to drop goods.

According Caher (2014), an appeals court in Albany has

extended the scope of “dangerous” prison contraband to include

cellphone, in a ruling that allows authorities to crack down on

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devices that are used not only to chat with loved ones and consult

with attorneys but also to immediate witnesses and conduct drug

deals. Prison authorities across the country are struggling to keep

cellphones away from inmates, with limited success. But a decision

last week by the Appellate Division, Third Department, significantly

raises the stakes for inmates who brake the rules in New York. In a

unanimous opinion by Justice John Egan Jr., the court at held an

inmate’s conviction for possessing “dangerous” contraband, which

added 3 to 6 years to that 25-years to-life term he was already

serving for murder, attempted murder and robbery. The court said

possession of the phone, why not inherently dangerous, created a

substantial security risk in part by allowing in the inmates to prevent

authorities from monitoring and recording his calls.

Related Studies

Local

According to Raymund E. Narag et.al (2016) much of the

current knowledge about prison social systems comes from settings

where facilities are adequately provided, staff numbers are

sufficient and properly trained, and operational resources are

directed at the smooth running of the prison. In these

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circumstances, the use of inmates to run the prisons is considered

anathema to effective governance. Indeed, abuses identified in the

BTS have been echoed in this Philippine prison setting: inmate

leaders usurp and abuse their authority, they engage in a culture of

corruption, and they re-create inequalities found in the free-world

setting. Yet, despite these weaknesses, the leadership structure

that arose among Filipino inmates has strong positive aspects.

According to his study Quismoro and Recuenco (2016),

they stated that, the jail management and prison management must

have an order to their jail personnel to have intensive security

among high profile inmates. One of the major problem is gang war

and riot inside the jail. This major problem, sometimes it cause

death on inmates, particularly on the high profile inmates in

maximum security facilities.

According to his study, Roque (2016), stated that, Business

leaders in Nueva Ecija province are disappointed by Duterte

administration’s dicision to abandon the planned relocation of the

New Bilibid Prison (NBP) to the port Magsaysay Military

Reservation in General Tinio town. The P50 billion, new additional

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penetintiary in baranggay Nazareth would have been built by

40,000 workers, manned by 4,800 custodial and rehabilitation

officers and the agencies to prioritize the needs of prisoners amid

the rising number of inmates due to the new administrarion’s drive

to fight illegal drugs and crimes. Pangilinan expressed disnay over

the “desplorable situation in jails” and urged the local agencies to

take notice of these problems especially since he is alarmed by the

increasing number of prisoners. He said the prisoners should get

their basic needs and space.

According to Nelson Mandela (2015), once said that no one

knows a nation until one has been inside its jails. What will be the

food system inside prisons and jail say about the Philippines?

MANILA, Philippines is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

states that the right to food covers every human being – even those

in conflict with the law. The Standard Minimum Rules for the

Treatment of Prisoner (SMRTP) set by the United Nation explicity

order administrations to provide people in confinement with food. If

prisoners or detainees or anyone in form of detention – are

deprived to adequate food , it can be considered “torture or

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inhuman and degrading treatment” In the Philippines, the right to

food of prisoners is embodied in the guidelines of the Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology (BJMP) and the Bureau of Corrections

(BuCor). The BJMP of the Department of the Interior and Local

Government (DILG) handles provincial, city, district, and municipal

maintained by 9,000 prison workers. But during the house inquiry

into the proliferation of illegal drugs at the NBP in Muntinlupa City,

justice secretary Vitaliano Aguirre II. Said the plan was abandoned

because “the cost and transfer of the building is too high and is

therefore, not practical.

According to his study, Ang (2014), stated that, the common

problems encountered by inmates can trigger jailbreak or escapes

among these inmates particularly those who experience boredome

and homesickness.

According to his study, Manalo (2014), emphasized that

penal institution are trying to transform inmates through

rehabilitation so that they will succumb to recidivism the moment

they released. In this regard, most prisons have vocational and

educational programs, psychological counsellors and array of

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services to assist inmates in improving their skills, education and

self concept.

According to her study Marohom (2013), stated that the

government idea of running after those offenders is not only to put

the agencies to prioritize the needs of prisoners amid rising

numbers of inmates due to the new administration’s drive to fight

illegal drugs and crimes. Pangilinan expressed dismay over the

“desplorable situation in jail” and urged the local agencies to take

notice of these problems especially since he is alarmed by the

increasing number of prisoners. He said the prisoners should get

their basic needs in space.

Foreign

According to Alexander (2017), North Carolina will soon

launch a nationwide study to find better ways to battle corruption

and improve safety inside the state’s prisons. The Observers

investigation found that officers who are paid to prevent prison

corruption are open behind it. Officers frequently team up with

prisoners on crimes that endanger staff members, inmates and the

public. Staff members smuggle in most of the illegal drugs and

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cellphones to the state’s maximum-security prisons, the newspaper

found. The state’s review will examine how candidates for prison

jobs are screened and hired, how new officers are trained, and how

prison leaders staff their facilities, keep out contraband and address

employee miscondoct. The legislature will ask prison leaders to

provide information about contraband, hiring practices and

employee misconduct. After its review, a legislative panel could

make recommendations to the full General Assembly. They

revealed that prison officials have hired officers with histories of

crime, violence and unethical behavior, failing to follow the

examples of states that more thoroughly vet job applicants.

According to study of Brewer (2016), new technology at a

local prison is helping correctional workers find contraband at the

Dick Conner Correctional Center found nearly two dozen items

including cellphones and weapons, drugs and drug paraphernalia,

tobacco and tools that inmates were trying to hide on their persons.

Known as Cell sense towers, the 7-foot potable devices allow

correctional staff members to perform a full body scan in less than

60 seconds. Staffs at the medium-security prison also are using

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hand-held deep-tissue scanners that detect items not found during

a pat-down search. They new technologies we are able to

implement while doing a shakedown is going a long way to curtail

our contraband problem within state facilities.

According to the study of York (2016), when a prison staff

member certified or civilian decides to work with an inmate by

aiding in contraband smuggling or romantic relationships it places

everyone in danger, including the inmates trying to stay out of

trouble and do their time and go home. Inmates high on drugs have

physically injured or have killed officers with weapons that are

homemade or smuggled into the prison. Inmates escapes have

cause private citizens and law enforcement injury and even death.

Prison fights and riots have been caused by smuggled drugs

entering our prisons because of prison drug lord competition or

non-payments of drugs from one inmate to another. Many studies

also have been conducted as to why an officer or prison staff

member would go to the dark side. Some say the low pay is to

blame while others blame it on low education levels.

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According to study of Ochola (2015), the aim of this study

therefore was to find out how the contraband are smuggled into

prison, why inmates use contraband and to examine the effect of

contraband on inmates rehabilitation. This qualitative research

among 36 Prison Officers and 70 inmates examined the effect and

use of contraband. It is clear that there are several routes of entry

and reasons why inmates use contraband. This study has shown

that the most popular routes of entry is through members of staff,

during social visits and contraband thrown over perimeter walls of

the prison at 25%, 19% and 17% respectively. Majority of inmates

(68%) use contraband as a form of currency to make prison life

more comfortable and maintain own contraband use. This study

also reveals the negative effect associated with contraband use

including an increase in insecurity, namely bullying, violence and

withdrawal. It is essential that prisons provide adequate

detoxification to reduce withdrawal symptoms and alleviate their

need to import or purchase illegal drugs. Prisons must increase

their efforts to reduce supply. This will reduce opportunistic use,

and with the risk of prisoners developing “jail habits” in custody.

Devising a policy for tackling contraband in prison is prudalent for

 28

major contribution in reducing criminal behavior in prison as well as

offenses outside prisons. Finally it is essential to recognize that

increase security has significant effects; it can disorganize and

eliminate contraband supply routes.

In the study of Mike Duggan (2014), entitled Michigan’s Law

Straw Free Press revealed allegation of unsanitary conditions and

inadequate food in some of the other states where Trinity does

business. For example, prisoners at the Gordon Country jail in

Calhoun, Georgia claimed they were losing weight and eating

toothpaste and drinking water to stave off hunger pangs due to the

paltry twice-a-day meals that Trinity served. Trinity was sued last

year by prisoners at the Schuykill Country jail in Pennsylvania over

meager food portion. “Plaintiffs allege that they are not receiving

proper nutrition, and that they are served spoiled food,” the

complainant stated. The pro se lawsuit was dismissed by a federal

district court in December 2014.

According to Cullen (2013), in his study, the reality that

inmates are experience some problems in their dietary

requirements and quality of foods being relation to them in some

 29

city Jails the young girls are brought in form the street to sexually

abused by guards and the adult make prisoners, for a price of

prisons, sexual assault on young boys is too common. Some turned

into child prostitutes others are physically abused leaving scars and

psychological wounds on them all is a brutal experience that can

lead to a cycle of abuse and violence that fills the streets with

young juvenile inconstancy conflict with the law. Considering that it

validates these sexual assaults in Jail which can be considered a

serious problem of an inmate.

According to the study of Greyling (2013), a liberty

management system furthers this reward system to a point where

prisoners are able to improve their quality of life by behaving

appropriately over months or years. Here, rewards, as in the real

world, are hard won but easily lost. Initial basic comforts should be

quick to gain and quickly lost to provide relatively instant reward for

behaving appropriately and to prevent prisoners from getting to a

point where they feel too far behind to bother. These micro rewards

and punishment can be embodied in various forms; from the control

access to areas of the prison to altering of individuals wake up and

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lock-in times. The methods for managing such as system are

invariably electronically supported and can be managed through

the use of personal identifier wrist or ankle lags. The purpose of

electronic tags, it can allow the facilitation of many aspects of a

Liberty Management System including monitoring of prisoner’s

location within the prison, locking and unlocking of prisoner’s

assigned cell, easier identification upon re-entry to prison, access

control for prison areas, monitoring of communication by prisoners,

controlling access to the internet, prison email, or learning accounts

and provide prisoner’s easy access to information about them or

their sentence.

In his study Gudrals (2013), according to his study, the

United States has dubious distinction of having the world’s highest

incrarceration rate more than 7/10 of 1% of the population (about 1

in 100 adult) are in prison only 8 countries have rate above one half

of the 1%. The United States with less than 5% of the world’s

population has nearly one quarter of its prisoners sticter treatment

of drugs offences, and no longer sentences for violent and repeat

offenders underline this rate

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Relevance of the Previous Studies to Present Studies

The above reviewed literature and studies have its own

significance on the several aspects of the research. The relation of

the literature and studies is one contributory factors in this research

studies. These are very useful in clarifying and understanding the

present problems they give idea on how to focus on the significant

variables, aside from helping the researcher to formulate the design

of the research workflow. More importantly, this portion will provide

and guide the researcher in analysis and interpretation of data.

Conceptual Framework

Input- contained the following indicators and variables such as

profile of the respondent (age, gender, civil status, educational

attainment and length of service.)

Process- includes writing the research proposal development and

validation of questionnaires, survey, open ended question, and

focus group discussion.

Output – to improve the implementation of rules and regulation of

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology personnel.

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Paradigm of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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 Contruction
1.Profile of respondents in
terms of of instrument
1.1 age
1.2 gender,  Administratio
1.3 civil status,
1.4 educational n and
attainment and
1.5length of service. retrieval of
2.Respondents assessment the
on the Rules and Regulation
of Bureau of Jail questionfnair
management and Penology
in Quezon City jails in terms es
of
2.1performance of duty,  Tabulation of
2.2 relation to the
inmates, and Result.
2.3implementation of
rules and regulation.  Interpretation
3. Problems encountered by of results.
Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology in the
implementation of rules and
regulation inside the Quezon
City jail in terms of the
aforementioned variables

4.What suggestion to
improve the regulation of
Bureau of Jail management
and Penology in Quezon
City jail.

FEEDBACK
Figure 1

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 34

This chapter describes the methodology of research study,

supervision of interview, and data analysis techniques, including

collection of data, study design, sampling frame and procedure of

respondents selection. In this study methodologies have been used

to diagnose and examine the effect of rules and regulation of BJMP

to Quezon city jail

Research Design

The study utilize a descriptive method of research to show

the appraisal of the respondent on the quality of Bureau of the jail

management in Quezon city jail the research involved correcting of

data in order to test answer question concerning to quality. It

involves descriptive recording analysis and interpretation of

condition that exist. A descriptive method is a broad class of non-

experimental studies and the most appropriate method for this

study since in method to observe, describe, and document the

demographic profile of the respondent and their appraisal the Jail

Management.
 35

The basic reason for carrying the descriptive research is to

identified the cause of latest happening it is concerned with the

description of existing distribution of variables. This type of study

focused on the answering of the basic question what, where, when,

who, why and how. Its goal are the acquisition of factual, accurate

and systematic data that can be used in averages, frequencies and

similar condition.

Respondent

The respondents of the study are limited for 25 respondents

compose of five (5) jail officers, ten(10) inmates and ten (10)

visitors of Quezon City Jail. Respondents will under-go to answer

the question in survey questionnaire pertaining on the study. The

researchers were confident that this sample is sufficient to

represent the whole population and their personal experience

would help a lot and reaching the contents of this study.

Sampling Techniques

The researcher use the random sampling technique. In this

technique, its member of the population has an equal chance of

 36

being selected as subject. The entire process of sampling is done

in a single step with each subject selected independently of the

other members of the population. There are many methods to

proceed with random sampling technique. It is one in which each

member of the population has an equal and independent chance of

being included in the random sample. If the sample is large. This

method is the best way to obtain a sample representative of the

population (Fraenkel and Wallen, 2006) random sampling

techniques approximates drawing a sample of a hat; member of a

population are selected one of at a time, independent of one

another and without replacement once a unit is selected it has no

further chance to be selected. (Fowler, 2002)

Instrument Used

The researchers utilize the following instrument to gather the

information on this particular research. The research made us this

to connect all the needed data to complete the study.

The researcher have use first the questionnaire method as

the instrument of data collection, as it is a common type of

 37

research. Instrument and his need to secure responses to

question, and also to obtain information about the conditions or

practices on which the respondents are presume to have

knowledge on, second is the interview, unstructured interview was

conducted by the researchers to elicit additional information and

they got the study. Oral interview of some employers to gather and

give emphasize to the factors involve. Third is the observation. This

is another important source of data. The direct and indirect

observation of the researcher had help much and the analysis of

the data, which helped to identify the accuracy of the answer to the

questionnaire. Fourth the researcher read books magazines

research paper, thesis and surfing in the internet in order to

develop and enhance concept, variable and indication of the study

which became the basis in contradiction of questionnaire. The

research asked some suggestion, comment, and reaction to other

Jail personnel and researcher and consider all these item in the

revision of the draft.

Questionnaire
 38

This is the main data gathering instrument which contains

question located from the statement of the problem to gather

personal information of the respondents.The Questionnaire was

divided into 4 parts.Part 1. This section includes the demographic

profile of the respondents including the age, gender, civil status,

rank and years in BJMP.Part 2. Focus on the implementation of the

rule and regulation of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in

Quezon City. In terms of performance of duty and relation to the

inmates.Part 3. Focus on the common problem encounter by the

jail officer of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in

Quezon City.Part 4. Focus on the suggested action may propose

to address the problem by the jail officer of the Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology in Quezon City.

Interview

The researcher interview the jail officer in the Quezon City

jail. Has them evaluate the implementation of rule and regulation.

The result helped the researchers in analyzing the data gathered.

Construction of Instrument
 39

The questionnaire used by the researchers are self-

instructed and some other from old questionnaire are carefully

developed and passed to the adviser to be validated.

Validation of the instrument

The Research present a hard copy to the adviser. The

purpose of this is to find out if the questionnaire were clearly

understandable and to see if there were still vague and confusing

questions of the final draft.

Administration and Retrieval of the Questionnaire

The researchers ask the approval to the management to

float the questionnaire. When the request is approved, the

questionnaires were administered personally to the respondents.

The researchers gave the questionnaire to the selected jail officers,

inmates and visitors Hundred percent (100%) retrieval of the survey

questionnaire.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

 40

The data were yield from the questionnaires were tally,

tabulate and subject to statistical treatment in order to ensure

validity, reliability and interpretation. The tabular method of

presentation was done where the primary data obtain via the

questionnaire here collected and presented through the use of

tables. The data gather here summarize translate arrangement

using the following statistical technique.

To interpret the data effectively, the researcher employed

the following statistical treatment. The Percentage, Weighted Mean

and F-test are the tools use to interpret the data.

The average Weighted Mean (AWM) was utilize to measure

the central tendency in relation on the issued being discuss in the

study that will be assessed by the weight by the respondent.

The average weighted mean refers to the accumulated

responses which determine the corresponding weight using the

formula.

1.Frequency – Symbolized as f, is a display of the frequency of

various response measures will obtain in a research project. This

 41

was used to determine the frequency of occurrence of the subject

profile and their measurement.

2.Percentage – To aid comprehension a frequency distribution by

dividing the frequency in each in class interval by N and multiplying

each result by 100 (Brion and De Jose 1998)

Formula: P= ___f___ x100

Where:

P= Percentage

F= Frequency

N= Total number of respondent

100= Constant number

3. Average Weighted Mean, This measure of central tendency will

be used to analyze, evaluate and interpret the data obtained in

terms of assessment of the respondents on issues raised in this

study. The formula for average weighted mean is as follows:

 42

Formula: x={( F x W) / N}

Where:

X= Computed Average Weighted Mean

W= Assigned Weights, i.e 4,3,2,1

F= Frequency Observe

N= Total number of causes of respondents

4. Five points Likert Scale used to determine the equivalent of

responses as the answered by the respondents.

Respondents assessment on the rule and regulation of BJMP in

Quezon City jail in terms of:

SCALE Point Value INTERPRETATION

5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree (SA)

4 3.40-4.19 Agree (A)

3 2.60-3.39 Partly Agree (PA)

2 1.80-2.59 Disagree (D)

 43

1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree (SD)

Problem encountered by the BJMP in the implementation of rule

and regulation inside the Quezon City Jail in terms of the

afformentioned variables:

SCALE Point Value INTERPRETATION

5 4.20-5.00 Very Serious (VS)

4 3.40-4.19 Serious (S)

3 2.60-3.39 Fairly Serious (FS)

2 1.80-2.59 Less Serious (LS)

1 1.00-1.79 Not Serious (NS)

Suggestion to improve the rules and regulation of BJMP in Quezon

City Jail?

SCALE Point Value INTERPRETATION

5 4.20-5.00 Highly Recommend (HR)

4 3.40-4.19 Recommend (R)

 44

3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Recommend (MR)

2 1.80-2.59 Less Recommend (LR)

1 1.00-1.79 Not Recommend (NR)