5–5.8.2.

2 Details on alarms / statuses

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The troubleshooting proceeds by checking the detailed information on the NE active alarms using the

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WebEML as in Fig. 422. below.

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It is also possible to analyze the detailed alarms present on each TP of the Port views of the NE.

[1] Select the Equipment tab panel.

[2] Select one node (or sub–node) in the Resource Tree Area to check if some alarms are active.

[3] Select the Alarm tab panel in the Resource Detail Area.

[4] If the node has sub–nodes put a tick in the Include alarms from sub–nodes field to display the
alarms active also in the sub–nodes.
[1]

[2]

[3]
[4]

Fig. 422. Active alarm screen

Detailed information of some alarms are supplied.

The following table summarizes the information obtained in the Alarm view, starting from the left column.

Tab. 106. Alarm information, general description

TITLE DESCRIPTION
Severity severity associated to the alarm and assigned in the Alarm Profile
Event time time of the generation of the alarm
Entity entity involved in the alarm
Probable Cause probable cause of the alarm
Managed Object Class class of the alarm

The information supplied helps the operator during the troubleshooting operations.
Tab. 107. on page 765 supplies general information on the alarm meanings and on the respective
maintenance actions to be done bases on the information given in the applications.
The maintenance action must take account of the board where the alarm is detected.

The Housekeeping alarms are referred to the input external point relevant to the Housekeeping signals.
They are available to the customer by connecting them to a dedicated subrack connector.

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The information provided helps the operator during troubleshooting operations.

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Tab. 107. General issues of the alarm meanings and their respective maintenance actions

ALARM MEANING MAINTENANCE ACTION

AIS detection on the tributary in Tx Check the tributary connected
AIS
side or Rx side equipment
ATPC loop problem Problem on the ATPC loop Communication problem
Battery fail Problem on the Station Battery Check the Station Battery
Excessive errors. Check the link
High BER Excessive BER
(propagation problem)
Demodulator failure affecting the
Dem fail Replace the ODU
demodulated signal
Loss of the incoming signal at the Check the link (propagation
Dem LOS
demodulator input problem)
Replace the ODU; if the alarm is still
Cable LOS Problem on the cable or on the ODU
active replace the cable.
Frequency setting incompatible with Change the frequency or change the
Incompatible Frequency
the ODU P/N ODU
Incompatible PTx Output power out of the limits Replace the ODU
Press the Reset pushbutton on the
Internal Communication
ODU not responding MAIN unit. If the alarm is still active,
Problem
replace the ODU
Check the LAN connection or
LAN failure LAN problem
replace the MAIN unit
Check the correct connection of the
cable between the IDU and the
Link Identifier Mismatch Mismatch on the link identifier relevant ODU. If the connection is
correct, check the link (propagation
problem)
LOF at the Tx tributary input or at Rx
tributary output (with framed Check the tributary connected
Loss Of Frame
tributary) or LOF of the Rx equipment or the line
aggregate signal
Loss Of Frame (Aggregate
LOF of the Rx aggregate signal Check the link (errors)
signal)
Loss Of Signal LOS at the Tx tributary input Check the line
Check the link (propagation
Low BER Low BER at the Rx side
problem)
Internal modulator failure affecting
Mod fail Replace the ODU
the modulated signal
Investigate by using the loopback
Mod LOS No signal at the modulator input
facilities with the CT.
Remote Defect Indication Alarm active in the remote station Check the remote station
Replaceable Unit Problem Problem on a replaceable unit Replace the unit

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Tab. 107. General issues of the alarm meanings and their respective maintenance actions

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ALARM MEANING MAINTENANCE ACTION

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Replaceable Unit Type Mismatch between the installed unit Change the unit configuration or
Mismatch and the sw configured unit change the unit
Replaceable Unit Type Missing No unit in a configured slot Install the unit
Check the link (propagation
Rx Fail (Radio alarm) No RF received signal
problem)
Performance threshold has been
Threshold Cross Errors on the link
crossed
Tx Fail (Radio alarm) Transmitter failure Replace the ODU
Unconfigured Equipment
Unit present in an unconfigured slot Configure the unit
Present
Mismatch on the software version
Version Mismatch between CT software and Download the software version
equipment software
Housekeeping Active input housekeeping Check the housekeeping

5–5.8.3 Loopbacks

The loopbacks (settable by WebEML) give the possibility to perform some functional tests, thus making the
fault location and maintenance tests faster and easier. The loopbacks are explained in Chapter 3–18 from
page 645 . Usage examples in para.5–5.9 from page 767

5–5.8.4 Operator’s Controls of the protection switches

In certain troubleshooting conditions, changing the state of the protection switches can be useful to fix
problems.
For further information and operative procedures, refer to the Chapter 3–17 on page 635

5–5.8.5 Tx mute function (local and remote)

This facility allows to switch off the transmitter. This facility can be useful during commissioning to avoid
producing interference if the frequency is not yet properly set.
For further information and operative procedures, refer to the Chapter 3–11 on page 573 . Usage
examples in para.5–5.9 from page 767

5–5.8.6 Performance Monitoring

The Performance Monitoring is responsible for quality events counting and reporting.
For further information and operative procedures, please refer to the Chapter 3–19 on page 657

5–5.8.7 BER measurement

The BER measurement (noon–intrusive) can be performed as described in para.3–11.7 on page 586

5–5.8.8 Commissioning tests

In some cases, the commissioning tests, described in Chapter 4–2 from page 675 , can be useful to
perform equipment functional checks as a whole, in particular as far as checks on radio hop are concerned.

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5–5.9.1 Main tools available
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[1] Loopbacks
2 loopbacks at IDU level and 1 loopback at ODU level are available. Their activation is done through
WebEML. Herebelow a summary ( for details, refer to Chapter 3–18 from page 645 )

a) Near end IDU cable loopback

Nearend Nearend Far end Far end

IDU ODU ODU IDU

LIU FRAME MODEM IF –RF IF –RF MODEM FRAME LIU

This loopback is useful to check the continuity of the signal from the tributaries up to the IDU
cable interface.

b) Near end ODU cable loopback

Nearend Nearend Far end Far end

IDU ODU ODU IDU

LIU FRAME MODEM IF–RF IF–RF MODEM FRAME LIU

This loopback is useful to check the continuity of the signal from the tributaries up to the cable
interface of the ODU.

c) Far end IDU tributary loopback

Nearend Nearend Far end Far end

IDU ODU ODU IDU

LIU FRAME MODEM IF–RF IF–RF MODEM FRAME LIU

Station A Station B

This loopback is useful to check the continuity of the signal on the overall path excluding the
LIU interface in the remote station. This loopback can be activated separately on each tributary.

[2] Tx Power mute

The Tx power of the ODU can be muted. This can be useful to perform investigation related to
interferer.
This command is available locally and remotely (see para.5–5.10.9 on page 777 )

[3] Received Signal Level indication

The received level at the input of the transceiver is available on the ECT. This information is useful
to check the theoretical expected value given by the link budget.

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5–5.9.2 Alarms and troubleshooting

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The main radio alarms with the associated maintenance actions are described hereafter. Without any

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indication, all the maintenance actions are done locally in the station where the alarm is raised.

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5–5.9.2.1 Transmitter alarms

[1] Mod LOS alarm

• Meaning : Missing signal at ODU input
• Maintenance actions :

Mod LOS alarm

Activate the near end

IDU cable loopback

NO
Tributary signal Change the IDU
OK ?

YES

Activate the near end

ODU cable loopback

Tributary signal NO
Check the IDU/ODU
OK ? cable

YES

Change the ODU

[2] Mod Fail alarm

• Meaning : Internal modulator failure
• Maintenance action : change the ODU

[3] Tx Fail alarm

• Meaning : The Tx power level cannot be aligned with the consign. This alarm is raised when
the deviation is at least 6dB. Most of the time, the root cause is a lack of gain in the Tx chain.
• Maintenance action : change the ODU

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[1] Rx fail alarm

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• Meaning : The received level is very low or absent.

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• Maintenance actions :

Rx Fail alarm

Configuration of the remote station NO

(Tx power level, RTPC or ATPC range, Troubleshoot the
Tx frequency) remote station
OK ?

YES

Alignment of NO
Align the antennas
the antennas
OK ?

YES

Normal NO Wait for normal

condition of
condition of propagation
propagation ?

YES

Change the ODU

Note : In case of antenna misalignment or propagation events, both direction should be affected

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[2] Dem fail alarm
• Meaning : The format or the level of the received signal is not the expected one. Therefore, the

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synchronization of the demodulator is impossible.

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Maintenance actions :

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•

Dem Fail alarm

Received level is in the NO Troubleshoot as for

expected range ? Rx fail alarm

YES

Modulation & rate in NO

Align the configuration
the remote station in the remote station
aligned ?

YES

To check the presence

of an in–band interferer,
mute–off the Tx power
in the distant station

Received level NO Presence of an interferer.

< –95 dBm ? Modify the radio planning

YES

Change the ODU

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 [3] HBER alarm
• Meaning : The BER on the link in abnormally high (close to 10–3) .
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• Maintenance actions :
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HBER alarm

Activate the near end

IDU cable loopback

NO
HBER alarm Change the IDU
cancelled ?

YES

Activate the near end

ODU cable loopback

NO
HBER alarm Check the IDU/ODU
cancelled ? cable

YES

NO in ATPC mode, NO
Received level is in Troubleshoot as for
the expected ATPC Rx threshold Rx fail alarm
range ? set too low ?

YES YES

To check the
presence of an Align the ATPC Rx
in–band interferer, threshold as specified
mute–off the Tx power on page 579
in the distant station

Received level NO Presence of an interferer.

< –95 dBm ? Modify the radio planning

YES

Change the ODU

End of Link troubleshooting procedure

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