Monday, February 24, 2014

Mining Engineering objective test Sample Questions

Mining Engineering objective test Sample Questions
Practice Objective Questions for MCQ Exams Like Gate UPSC in Minnng
Sample Questions and Answers on Mining

Q.1: Grab sampling consists in:

a) Picking pieces of ore at one place only.
b) Picking pieces of ore at random to make up a sample.
c) Picking pieces of coal only.
d) Picking pieces of ore in a grid fashion.
Answer:(b)

Q.2: The spacing of the trenches pits and boreholes depend on:
a) The length of the ore body.
b) The modes of occurrence of the deposits.
c) The depth of the deposits.
d) The outcrops of the deposits.
Answer:(b)

Q.3: The grade which is available from a property after actual mining is:
a) Computed grade.
b) Effective grade.
c) Run - of - mine grade.
d) Pit head grade.
Answer:(b)

Q.4: "Salting" of an ore is done:

a) By adding common salts.
b) By removing salt form the ore.
c) By mixing substances for increasing the values in the ore sample.
d) By mixing substances for lowering the values in the ore samples.
Answer:(a)

Q.5: High explosives containing:

a) Nitroglycerine.
b) Sodium nitrate.
c) Ammonium nitrate.
d) Charcoal sulphur.
Answer :(a)

Q.6: The drill holes which are driven vertically and make the sides of the excavation are
Described as:
a) Easers.
b) Simpers.
c) Dressers.
d) Hole directors.
Answer:(c)

Q.7: Blasting gelatin is made up of:

a) Nitroglycerine and ammonium nitrate
b) Nitroglycerine and sodium nitrate.
c) Nitroglycerine and guncotton.
d) Nitroglycerine only.
Answer:(c)

Q.8: The mining terminology, exploitation or winning is:

a) The process of blasting.
b) The process of extracting the ore or economic mineral from the earth.
c) The process of ventilation.
d) The detailed mapping of the ore body.
Answer:(b)

Q.9: Snake holes are:

a) Vertically drilled holes.
b) More of less horizontally drilled holes at the foot of a high bench.
c) Inclined drilling holes.
d) Vertically drilled holes with two lateral openings.
Answer:(b)

Q.10: The openings in the mini, which serve as a means of entry is known as:
a) Shafts.
b) Edits
c) Cross cut.
d) Stop.
Answer:(a)

Q.11: Minimum metal percentage, at which mining is profitable, is known as:

a) Average grade.
b) Cut off grade.
c) Mill grade.
d) Economical grade.
Answer:(b)

Q.12: Strip mining is a method of:

a) Underground mining.
b) Opencast mining with a high degree of mechanization.
c) Horizon mining.
d) Long wall mining.
Answer:(b)

Q.13: Choose the most suitable answer for Gathering:

a) lt is a opencast mining method.
b) lt is a underground mining method.
c) lt is a mining method, which is used for coal winning.
d) lt is a underground mining method used for small rich ore bodies.
Answer:(d)

Q.14: Long wall method is generally employed for:

a) Copper ore mining.
b) lron ore mining.
c) Coal mining.
d) Gypsum mining.
Answer:(c)

Q.15: The width of the ore body which can be economically mined is:
a) Stopping width.
b) Assay width.
c) Actual width.
d) Grady width.
Answer:(a)

Q.16: Long wall method is:

a) Generally applicable to thin coal seams.
b) Applied to deep mining.
c) Applicable to thick coal seams.
d) Applied to very deep mining and thick coal seams.
Answer:(a)

Q.17: The mining methods adopted in Rakha copper mine:

a) Cut and fill method
b) Room and pillar method.
c) Post and pillar method.
d) All the above.
Answer:(d)

Q.18: Horizon mining for coal winning is more suitable where:

a) The coal seams are horizontal.
b) The coal seams are highly disturbed.
c) The coal seams are slightly dipping.
d) The coal seams are found above the earth’s surface.
Answer:(d)

Q.19: Drift mining is generally employed:

a) For the underground mining.
b) For coal mining.
c) ln the exploitation of placers.
d) In the exploitation of copper ore.
Answer:(c)

Q.20: When the material collected to represent a rock type, or a formation or an ore body in
the quantitative sense then it is termed as:
a) Specimen.
b) Sample.
c) Both specimen and sample can be used.
d) Quantitative specimen.
Answer:(b)

Q.21: Coning and quartering is:

a) A mining method employed in unconsolidated ground.
b) A mining method employed for the diamond mining.
c) A method employed for obtaining a laboratory sample from the field sample.
d) A cutting and filling method employed in underground mining.
Answer:(c)

Q.21: The purpose of the bulk sampling of the coal is:

a) To study the wash ability
b) To study the carbon content.
c) To study the method of formation.
d) For grading purpose.
Answer:(a)

Q.23: “Minimum stopping width" is the:

a) Average width of the ore body.
b) Minimum width of the ore body.
c) Minimum distance between two ore body.
d) Minimum width required for mining.
Answer:(d)

Q.24: The ore reserves for which tonnage and grade are computed party from specific
Measurements and partly from projection for a reasonable distance on geologic evidence is
Known as:
a) Proved or measured ore reserves
b) Probable or indicated ore reserves.
c) Possible or inferred ore reserves.
d) Actual ore reserves.
Answer:(d)
 Q.25: The size of the Theodolite is defined according to the:
(a) Diameter of graduated horizontal circle.
(b) Length of the telescope.
(c) Height of the standard.
(d) All the above are correct.
Answer. (a)

MCQ. Quarries are generally

A. open pits
B. surface coal mines
C. underground mines
D. explosive mines

Answer. (a)

MCQ. Quarries are used to extract

A. precious stones
B. building stones and rocks
C. gold
D. fossil fuels

Answer. (b)

MCQ. When minerals are located too deep in ground, method used for mining is

A. open pit mining

B. quarries
C. surface mining
D. sub-surface mining

Answer. (d)

MCQ. Types of surface mining include

A. open pits only

B. surface coal mines only
C. quarries only
D. all three of them

Answer. (d)
 MCQ. To remove large, near-surface deposits of economically important minerals such as gold
and copper, type of surface mining used is

A. open pit mining

B. surface coal mining
C. quarries
D. explosive mining

Answer. (a)

What is quarrying when talking about mining?

 The process of cutting stone, usually out of a mountainside

 Cutting stone in to different shapes

 Using explosives to open the side of a mountain

 Hunting for certain minerals or rocks in a deep hole or cavity

In mining terms, what is a seam?

 A place rich in mineral deposits

 The outer edge of a mine

 A place where two shafts meet

 The hole drilled by an oil rig

What is gold panning when talking about mining?

 Looking for gold in rivers and stream beds

 Sifting through soil on the side of a mountain

 Separating gold from big rocks by hammering it with pan like tools

 Sifting through the soil and rocks in a big open pit

Other than gold panning, what are two other types of mining?

 Shaft mining and open pit mining

 Quarrying and sand sifting

  Open pit mining and river flushing

 Oil drilling and rock crushing

Why does gold panning work in mining?

 Gold is heavier than river rock and sinks to the bottom when rinsed in
water

 Men are willing to work long hours to make it happen

 Gold is lighter than river stone and floats when soaked in water

 The pans are specially made to sort through the soil and rock

What is oil drilling with respect to mining?

 Drilling through rock to find pockets of oil and gas

 Using oil in a pressurized stream to drill through rock

 Using a rig with long piping in the ocean to reach the ocean floor and extract oil

 Drilling a vertical shaft to find a seam

Why have gold and silver always been valued in mining?

 For their hardness and decorative appeal

 For their malleability

 Because they are rare and hard to get

 Because they are used to make money

Modern day quarry men use what to do most of the mining work?

 Mechanized saws

 Hammers and wedges

 Explosives

 Dwarves with pick axes

What one thing listed below is not a danger of shaft mining?

 Claim jumping
  Falling rocks

 Gas explosions

 Breathing difficulty

What ores, which is found while mining, are needed to make bronze, iron or steel?

 Tin, copper and iron

 Silver, iron and copper

 Tin, iron and magnesium

 Iron, silver and magnesium

Anemometer — Instrument for measuring air velocity.

Agglomeration — A family of processes which can be used to concentrate valuable minerals (including coal) based
on their adhesive properties.

Adit — A nearly horizontal passage from the surface by which a mine is entered and dewatered. A blind horizontal
opening into a mountain, with only one entrance.

Mine development — The term employed to designate the operations involved in preparing a mine for ore
extraction. These operations include tunneling, sinking, cross-cutting, drifting, and raising.

Drift — A horizontal passage underground. A drift follows the vein, as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects
it, or a level or gallery, which may do either.

Drift mine — An underground coal mine in which the entry or access is above water level and generally on the
slope of a hill, driven horizontally into a coal seam.

Evaluation — The work involved in gaining a knowledge of the size, shape, position and value of coal.

Exploration — The search for mineral deposits and the work done to prove or establish the extent of a mineral
deposit. Alt: Prospecting and subsequent evaluation.

Extraction — The process of mining and removal of cal or ore from a mine.

Gallery — A horizontal or a nearly horizontal underground passage, either natural or artificial.

Horseback — A mass of material with a slippery surface in the roof;

Indicated coal resources — Coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed partly
from sample analyses and measurements and partly from reasonable geologic projections. The points of observation
are * to 1 * miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as an * mile wide belt that lies more than * mile from
the outcrop or points of observation or measurement.

Inferred coal resources — Coal in unexplored extensions of the demonstrated resources for which estimates of the
quality and size are based on geologic evidence and projection. Quantitative estimates are based largely on broad
knowledge of the geologic character of the deposit and for which there are few, if any, samples or measurements.
The estimates are based on an assumed continuity or repletion of which there is geologic evidence; this evidence
may include comparison with deposits of similar type. Bodies that are completely concealed may be included if
there is specific geologic evidence of their presence. The points of observation are 1 * to 6 miles apart.

Measured coal resources — Coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed from
sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well-known sample sites, such as outcrops,
trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The points of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the
thickness and extent of coals are so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent of true
tonnage. Although the spacing of the points of observation necessary to demonstrate continuity of the coal differs
from region to region according to the character of the coal beds, the points of observation are no greater than * mile
apart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a *-mile wide belt from the outcrop or points of observation or
measurement.

Peat— A dark brown or black deposit resulting from the partial decomposition of vegetative matter in marshes,
swamps and bogs. One of the earliest stages of coal formation.
Lignite — A low-rank coal with a relatively high moisture content and relatively low heat/energy content.

Sub-bituminous coal — Coal with an energy/heat value between lignite and bituminous.

Bituminous coal — A middle rank coal (between subbituminous and anthracite) formed by additional pressure and
heat on lignite. Usually has a high Btu value and may be referred to as "soft coal." A general term descriptive of coal
intermediate in rank between sub-bituminous and anthracite and including metallurgical coals. Low and medium
volatile bituminous coals are ranked by their carbon content, while high volatile bituminous coals are ranked by
their heating value.

Anthracite coal — Of the four types of coal, anthracite is the hardest and contains the highest heat value. It is
almost pure carbon and is used mainly for home heating and cooking. In some developing countries, it is also used
for industrial purposes.

Liquefaction — The process of converting coal into a synthetic fuel,

Metallurgical coal — The type of coal which is converted to coke for use in manufacturing steel; often referred to
as coking coal.

Open end pillaring — A method of mining pillars in which no stump is left; the pockets driven are open on the gob
side and the roof is supported by timber.

Overburden— Layers of soil and rock covering a coal seam. In surface mining operations, overburden is removed
prior to mining using large equipment. When mining has been completed, it is either used to backfill the mined areas
or is hauled to an external dumping and/or storage site.

Overcast (undercast) — Enclosed airway which permits one air current to pass over (under) another without
interruption.

Pinch — A compression of the roof and floor of a coal seam so as to "squeeze" out the coal.

Pitch — The inclination of a seam; the rise of a seam.

LODE
A sheet-like structure consisting of mineralization, economic in width and depth for mining. The term ‘vein’ may
sometimes substitute for ‘lode’, though it also applies to sheet-like structures of gangue minerals of no commercial
value, (on the Brendon Hills, the quartz ‘capel’). Lodes may be lenticular in shape - that is, discontinuous in depth
and lateral extent. They may sometimes then be said to form ‘pods’ or ‘lenses’ of ore. Gangue = worthless
material, but beware the application of that term, for today what may appear to have no commercial value may,
tomorrow be highly prized.

Proximate analysis — A physical, or non-chemical, test of the constitution of coal. Not precise, but very useful for
determining the commercial value. Using the same sample (1 gram) under controlled heating at fixed temperatures
and time periods, moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content are successfully determined. Sulfur and Btu
content are also generally reported with a proximate analysis.

Raise — A secondary or tertiary inclined opening, vertical or near-vertical opening driven upward form a level to
connect with the level above, or to explore the ground for a limited distance above one level.

Ramp — A secondary or tertiary inclined opening, driven to connect levels, usually driven in a downward direction,
and used for haulage.
Ranks of coal — The classification of coal by degree of hardness, moisture and heat content. "Anthracite" is hard
coal, almost pure carbon, used mainly for heating homes. "Bituminous" is soft coal. It is the most common coal
found in the United States and is used to generate electricity and to make coke for the steel industry.
"Subbituminous" is a coal with a heating value between bituminous and lignite. It has low fixed carbon and high
percentages of volatile matter and moisture. "Lignite" is the softest coal and has the highest moisture content. It is
used for generating electricity and for conversion into synthetic gas. In terms of Btu or "heating" content, anthracite
has the highest value, followed by bituminous, subbituminous and lignite.

Reclamation — The restoration of land and environmental values to a surface mine site after the coal is extracted

Recovery — The proportion or percentage of coal or ore mined from the original seam or deposit.

Reserve — That portion of the identified coal or mineral deposit resource that can be economically mined at the
time of determination. The reserve is derived by applying a recovery factor to that component of the identified
resource designated as the reserve base or proven reserves.

Resources — Concentrations of coal in such forms that economic extraction is currently or may become feasible.
Coal resources broken down by identified and undiscovered resources. Identified coal resources are classified as
demonstrated and inferred. Demonstrated resources are further broken down as measured and indicated.
Undiscovered resources are broken down as hypothetical and speculative.

Roof — The stratum of rock or other material above a coal seam; the overhead surface of a coal working place.
Same as "back" or "top."

Run-of-mine — Raw material as it exists in the mine; average grade or quality.

Scaling — Removal of loose rock from the roof or walls. This work is dangerous and a long bar (called a scaling
bar)is often used.

Shaft — A primary vertical or non-vertical opening through mine strata used for ventilation or drainage and/or for
hoisting of personnel or materials; connects the surface with underground workings.

Shaft mine — An underground mine in which the main entry or access is by means of a vertical shaft.

Slag — The waste product of the process of smelting.

Stope — Any excavation made in a mine to remove ore that has been made accessable by shafts and drifts.

Tunnel — A horizontal, or near-horizontal, underground passage, entry, or haulageway, that is open to the surface
at both ends. A tunnel (as opposed to an adit) must pass completely through a hill or mountain.

Ultimate analysis — Precise determination, by chemical means, of the elements and compounds in coal.

Valuation — The act or process of valuing or of estimating the value or worth; appraisal.

Volatile matter — The gaseous part, mostly hydrocarbons, of coal.

Acid mine water — Mine water that contains free sulfuric acid, mainly due to the weathering of iron pyrites.

Back — The roof or upper part in any underground mining cavity.

Coal washing — The process of separating undesirable materials from coal based on differences in densities. Pyritic
sulfur, or sulfur combined with iron, is heavier and sinks in water; coal is lighter and floats.
Collar — The term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth or top of a shaft. The beginning point of a
shaft or drill hole at the surface.

Colliery — British name for coal mine.

Crosscut — A passageway driven between the entry and its parallel air course or air courses for ventilation
purposes. Also, a tunnel driven from one seam to another through or across the intervening measures; sometimes
called "crosscut tunnel", or "breakthrough". In vein mining, an entry perpendicular to the vein.

Drift — A horizontal passage underground. A drift follows the vein, as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects
it, or a level or gallery, which may do either.

Drift mine — An underground coal mine in which the entry or access is above water level and generally on the
slope of a hill, driven horizontally into a coal seam.

ORE
The term is often loosely used to designate anything that is mined. Technically, it is an aggregation of ore minerals
and gangue from which one or more metals may be extracted at a profit.

ORE MINERALS
An ore mineral is one that from which one or more metals may be obtained.

STOPING
The rapid profitable removal of an underground mineral deposit by mining. The profitable stoping of a mineral
deposit may be regarded as the sole purpose of mining.

Grab Sample
a sample taken at random generally containing a mineral of interest; it is assayed to determine if valuable elements
are contained in the rock

Grab Sampling
a collection of specimens of ore taken more or less at random to examine the mineral quality but not the monetary
value of the ore

Mining
the extraction and concentration of minerals of economic value from a mineral deposit

Prospecting
to search an area for valuable minerals and ores, such as gold, silver, or oil

Resource
a concentration of naturally occurring solid, liquid, or gaseous material in or on the Earth's crust in such form and
amount that economic extraction of a commodity from the concentration is currently or potentially feasible

Gossan

A mixture of oxide material and gangue left on the top of sulfide deposits by the surface weathering process. It is
commonly contains much limonite and sometimes also trace metal values and boxworks helpful in exploration.

Apex - The top or terminal edge of a vein on surface or its nearest point to the surface.
Assay - A chemical test performed on a sample of ores or minerals to determine the amount of valuable metals
contained.

Bauxite - A rock made up of hydrous aluminum oxides; the most common aluminum ore.

Bentonite - A clay with great ability to absorb water and which swells accordingly.

Bulk sample - A large sample of mineralized rock, frequently hundreds of tonnes, selected in such a manner as to
be representative of the potential orebody being sampled. Used to determine metallurgical characteristics

Chalcocite - A sulphide mineral of copper common in the zone of secondary enrichment.

Chalcopyrite - A sulphide mineral of copper and iron; the most important ore mineral of copper.

Channel sample - A sample composed of pieces of vein or mineral deposit that have been cut out of a small trench
or channel, usually about 10 cm wide and 2 cm deep.

Chip sample - A method of sampling a rock exposure whereby a regular series of small chips of rock is broken off
along a line across the face.

Collar - The term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth of a shaft; also used to describe the top of a
mill hole.

Cone crusher - A machine which crushes ore between a gyrating cone or crushing head and an inverted, truncated
cone known as a bowl.

Crosscut - A horizontal opening driven from a shaft and (or near) right angles to the strike of a vein or other
orebody.

Development - Underground work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit. Includes shaft
sinking, crosscutting, drifting and raising.

Diorite - An intrusive igneous rock composed chiefly of sodic plagioclase, hornblende, biotite or pyroxene.

Disseminated ore - Ore carrying small particles of valuable minerals spread more or less uniformly through the host
rock.

Drift - A horizontal underground opening that follows along the length of a vein or rock formation as opposed to a
crosscut which crosses the rock formation.

Flux - A chemical substance that reacts with gangue minerals to form slags, which are liquid at furnace temperature
and low enough in density to float on the molten bath of metal or matte

Gangue - The worthless minerals in an ore deposit

Gossan - The rust-colored capping or staining of a mineral deposit, generally formed by the oxidation or alteration
of iron sulphides.

Grab sample - A sample from a rock outcrop that is assayed to determine if valuable elements are contained in the
rock. A grab sample is not intended to be representative of the deposit, and usually the best-looking material is
selected.

Industrial minerals - Non-metallic, non-fuel minerals used in the chemical and manufacturing industries. Examples
are asbestos, gypsum, salt, graphite, mica, gravel, building stone and talc.
Jaw crusher - A machine in which rock is broken by the action of steel plates.
Jig - A piece of milling equipment used to concentrate ore on a screen submerged in water, either by the
reciprocating motion of the screen or by the pulsation of water through it.

Leaching - A chemical process for the extraction of valuable minerals from ore; also, a natural process by which
ground waters dissolve minerals, thus leaving the rock with a smaller proportion of some of the minerals than it
contained originally.

Limonite - A brown, hydrous iron oxide.

Magnetic separation - A process in which a magnetically susceptible mineral is separated from gangue minerals by
applying a strong magnetic field; ores of iron are commonly treated in this way.

Ore - A mixture of ore minerals and gangue from which at least one of the metals can be extracted at a profit.
Ore pass - Vertical or inclined passage for the downward transfer of ore connecting a level with the hoisting shaft or
a lower level.
Orebody - A natural concentration of valuable material that can be extracted and sold at a profit.
Ore Reserves - The calculated tonnage and grade of mineralization which can be extracted profitably; classified as
possible, probable and proven according to the level of confidence that can be placed in the data.

Porphyry copper - A deposit of disseminated copper minerals in or around a large body of intrusive rock.

Possible reserves - Valuable mineralization not sampled enough to accurately estimate its tonnage and grade, or
even verify its existence. Also called "inferred reserves."

Probable reserves - Valuable mineralization not sampled enough to accurately estimate the terms of tonnage and
grade. Also called "indicated reserves."

Prospect - A mining property, the value of which has not been determined by exploration.

Proven reserves - Reserves that have been sampled extensively by closely spaced diamond drill holes and
developed by underground workings in sufficient detail to render an accurate estimation of grade and tonnage. Also
called "measured reserves."

Raise - A vertical or inclined underground working that has been excavated from the bottom upward.

Reconnaissance - A preliminary survey of ground.

Reclamation - The restoration of a site after mining or exploration activity is completed.

Resource - The calculated amount of material in a mineral deposit, based on limited drill information.

Run-of-mine - A term used loosely to describe ore of average grade.

Salting - The act of introducing metals or minerals into a deposit or samples, resulting in false assays. Done either
by accident or with the intent of defrauding the public.

Shoot - A concentration of mineral values; that part of a vein or zone carrying values of ore grade.

Siderite - Iron carbonate, which when pure, contains 48.2% iron; must be roasted to drive off carbon dioxide before
it can be used in a blast furnace. Roasted product is called sinter.

Slag - The vitreous mass separated from the fused metals in the smelting process.
Stope - An excavation in a mine from which ore is, or has been, extracted.

Tailings - Material rejected from a mill after most of the recoverable valuable minerals have been extracted.

Tenor – Refers to the percentage of the ore mineral that is actual metal to be extracted

Syngenetic – A mineral deposit formed at the same time as the enclosing rock

Epigenetic – A mineral deposit formed later than (after) the enclosing rock

Vug - A small cavity in a rock, frequently lined with well-formed crystals. Amethyst commonly forms in these
cavities.

What is a Mineral Resource?

A mineral resource is a concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or
on the earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade of quality that it has reasonable prospects for
economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource
are known, estimated or interpreted for specific geological evidence and knowledge. There are three categories of
mineral resources that were adopted by CIM (The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum) and
were incorporated into the rules by the CSA (Canadian Securities Association) under National Instrument 43-101 to
establish uniformed standards for mineral resources and reserves throughout Canada. The three categories adopted
by CIM for application throughout Canada is defined as inferred, indicated and measured reserves.

What is an Inferred Mineral Resource?

An inferred mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be
estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified,
geological grade and continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through
appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.

What is an Indicated Mineral Resource?

An indicated mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape
and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate
application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability
of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through
appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced
closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.

What is a Measured Mineral Resource?

A measured mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape
and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the
appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the
economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing
information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and
drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity.

What is a Mineral Reserve?

A mineral reserve is the economically mineable part of a measured or indicted mineral resource demonstrated by at
least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include adequate information on mining, processing,
metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic
extraction can be justified. A mineral reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur
when the material is mined. There are two categories of mineral reserves that were adopted by CIM (The Canadian
Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum) and were incorporated into the rules by the CSA (Canadian
Securities Association) under National Instrument 43-101 to establish uniformed standards for mineral resources and
reserves throughout Canada. The two categories adopted by CIM for application throughout Canada are defined as a
probable mineral reserve and a proven mineral reserve.

What is a Probable Mineral Reserve?

A probable mineral reserve is the economically mineable part of an indicated, and in some circumstances, a
measured mineral resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include
adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at
the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified.

What is a Proven Mineral Reserve?

A proven mineral reserve is the economically mineable part of a measured mineral resource demonstrated by at least
a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical,
economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified

Cut of grade

The minimum grade at which mineralised material can be economically mined and processed (used in the
calculation of ore reserves)
“Origin of Ore Deposits”.

1. What is the mineral which contains a metallic element which can be economically exploited called?
a) Ore mineral
b) Metallic mineral
c) Eco-ore
d) Eco-mineral
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Ore mineral is defined as a mineral which contains a metallic element in a quantity that can be
exploited and extracted for use at an economical cost.
2. The definition of ore is dependent on
a) Quantity
b) Size
c) Colour
d) Quality
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Natural concentration of an ore mineral in a massive rock body is defined as an ore deposit.
Hence the definition of an ore deposit is also size dependent.
3. The non-metallic minerals associated with ore minerals are called
a) Non-metallic minerals
b) Metallic minerals
c) Gangue minerals
d) Flux minerals
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A few non-metallic minerals are often found associated with an ore-mineral. These have be
separated from the ore before the same is processed for extraction of the metal. These associated minerals are
called gangue minerals.
4. How many types of rocks are there on the basis of time of formation?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: On the basis of their time of formation relative to the host rock, the ore deposits are divided into
two groups: syngenetic and epigenetic.
5. The deposits that have formed simultaneously with the enclosing rock are called
a) Syngenetic
b) Epigenetic
c) Syncgenetic
d) Sinclogenetic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Syngenetic deposits are such deposits that have formed simultaneously with the enclosing rock.
These are either of igneous or of sedimentary types.
6. Deposits that were formed subsequent to the formation of the host rocks are called
a) Syngenetic
b) Epigenetic
c) Syncgenetic
d) Sinclogenetic
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Epigenetic deposits are those deposits that were formed subsequent to the formation of the host
rock. Epigenetic deposits of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types are known.
7. The deposits occurring close to the roofs of magmatic masses
a) Magmatic deposits
b) Pegmatite deposits
c) Hydrothermal deposits
d) Metasomatic
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Pegmatite deposits are sometimes classified as a distinct group of magmatic deposits formed
towards the end of crystallization process and such necessarily occurring close to the roofs of magmatic
masses.
8. Which of the following is not an essential condition for hydrothermal deposits?
a) Highly active fluids
b) Highly enriched fluids
c) Highly inactive fluids
d) Suitable pathways
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The three essential conditions for the formation of hydrothermal deposits are: highly active and
enriched fluids, suitable pathways for their migration through the rocks, and suitable physic-chemical
environment for their deposition to take place.
9. Type of veins which are bodies of tubular shape in pre-existing fissures
a) Fissure-veins
b) Ladder-veins
c) Gash-veins
d) Stock works
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Fissure-veins may be defined as mineral bodies of elongated or tabular shape deposited in pre-
existing fissures. The original fissures may be parallel or intersecting, radial or fan-shaped in pattern and that is
also the shape of the resulting ore bodies.
10. The type of vein commonly found in igneous rocks is
a) Fissure-veins
b) Ladder-veins
c) Gash-veins
d) Stock works
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Ladder-veins are commonly found in igneous rocks such as dykes and similar bodies and consist
of transverse, roughly regularly spaced fractures that are filled with deposits of economic minerals.
11. Gash-veins are generally found in
a) Silicate minerals
b) Felspar minerals
c) Metallic minerals
d) Carbonate minerals
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gash-veins are narrow, sloping and thick-bodies deposits of minerals deposited in solution-
fissures or cracks of the host rock which is generally a carbonate rock like limestone.
12. When gravity is the agent of placing of deposit, the deposit is called
a) Deluvial deposit
b) Aeolian deposit
c) Alluvial deposit
d) Beach placers
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Deluvial placers is the term used when gravity is the agency involved; such placers would be
found along the foot hills and talus slopes.
13. The term used for the rock hydrothermal deposits that occur in veins of exceptionally small size, but in good
number is
a) Fissure-veins
b) Ladder-veins
c) Gash-veins
d) Stock works
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The term, stock works, is used for hydrothermal deposits that occur in veins or fissures of
exceptionally small size, but in good number, within a limited space, traversing the body of rock profusely.
14. Magmatic ore deposits do not commonly occur in forms of injective. State true or false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Magmatic ore deposits commonly occur in the following forms: segregations, disseminations and
injections.