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Kuestion
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Signals and
Systems
www.kreatryx.com Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
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Contents
Manual for Kuestion .......................................................................... 2
Type 1: Delta Function ........................................................................ 3
Type 2: Signal Period ........................................................................... 4
Type 3: Signal Representation............................................................. 5
Type 4: Signal RMS Value .................................................................... 9
Type 5: Energy and Power Signals ..................................................... 10
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Type 6: LTI System Properties........................................................... 13
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Type 7: Convolution .......................................................................... 16
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Type 8: Convolution by Graph .......................................................... 18
En
Type 9: Continuous Time Fourier Series............................................ 22
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Type 10: Continuous Time Fourier Transform ................................... 25
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Type 11: Fourier Transform by Graph ............................................... 26
ing
Type 12: Properties of Fourier Transform ......................................... 29
Type 13: Initial Value in Fourier Transform ....................................... 31
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Type 14: Laplace Transform .............................................................. 33
Type 15: Initial and Final Value Theorem .......................................... 34 t
Type 16: Magnitude and Phase Response......................................... 36
Type 17: Z-Transform ........................................................................ 39
Type 18: Sampling ............................................................................. 42
Answer Key ....................................................................................... 46
It’s very overwhelming for a student to even think about finishing 100-200 questions per chapter
when the clock is ticking at the last moment. This is the reason why Kuestion serves the purpose
of being the bare minimum set of questions to be solved from each chapter during revision.
What is Kuestion?
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A set of 40 questions or less for each chapter covering almost every type which has been previously
asked in GATE. Along with the Solved examples to refer from, a student can try similar unsolved
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questions to improve his/her problem solving skills.
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It is recommended to use Kuestion as soon as you feel confident in any particular chapter.
Although it will really help a student if he/she will start making use of Kuestion in the last 2
months before GATE Exam (November end onwards).
gin
How do I use Kuestion?
eer
ing
Kuestion should be used as a tool to improve your speed and accuracy chapter wise. It should be
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treated as a supplement to our K-Notes and should be attempted once you are comfortable with
the understanding and basic problem solving ability of the chapter. You should refer K-Notes
Theory before solving any “Type” problems from Kuestion.
t
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Solution: (C) is correct option
eer
Q.2 Find the Fourier transform of the signal x(t) (t 1) (t 1)
(A)
2
(B)
2
(C)2cosω ing (D)None
1 j 1 j
.ne
Q.3 The value
2
w.E
Solution: (C) is correct option
3
t
Period of 3sin => T1
2
2
0.5asy
4
2
gin
1
Now , Period of x t T L.C.M.T1 ,T2 ,T3
eer
L.C.M. 4 , ,2
ing
4
2
.ne
Unsolved Problems:
Q.2. Let x(n) be a discrete – time signal, and Let y1(n) = x(2n) &
x n / 2 , n even
y2 n
0 , n odd
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Q.3 A discrete –time signal is given as x[n] cos cos
n
8
n
8
. The signal is
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(A) Periodic with period 16π
asy
(B) Periodic with period 16(π+1)
(C) Periodic with period 8
(D)Not Periodic En
Q.4 The period of the signal 6e
j4 t
3 8e
j(3t )
2 gin
is
(A)4 (B)5 (C)6
eer (D)7
Q.5 The period of the signal s(t) sin 5t 3cos 6t 3sin( t 300 ) is ?
ing
2 2 7
.ne
(A)140π (B) 120π (C) 160π (D)Not periodic
t
Type 3: Signal Representation
For Concept, refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Signals.
Common Mistake:
Make sure that same argument appears in function as the unit step function multiplied to it
before taking any Transform. eg. The term with u(t-2) should be (t-2) as in sample problem.
Sample Problem 3:
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(A) u(t)+u(t-1) (B) u(t)+(t-1)u(t-1)
w.E
(C) u(t)+u(t-1) +(t-2)u(t-2)
Solution: (C) is correct option
(D) u(t)+(t-2)u(t-2)
asy
En
gin
Similarly in this question eer
For 0≤t<1 x1(t)=u(t)-u(t-1)
For 1≤t<2 x2(t)=2[u(t-1)-u(t-2)] ing
For 2≤t x3(t)=tu(t-2)=(t-2)u(t-2)+2u(t-2)
.ne
Now, x(t)= x1(t)+x2(t)+ x3(t)= u(t)+u(t-1) +(t-2)u(t-2)
Unsolved Problems:
t
Q.1 The function f(t) shown in the figure will have Laplace transform as
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w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t
Q.3 The odd part of the sequence x n 6,4,2,2 is
Q.4 Consider two signal x(t) and y(t) shown in figure and there Laplace transform pairs
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x(t)
LT
X(s) and y(t)
LT
Y(s)
w.E
asy
En
gin
1
If X(s) 5 10e2s 5e4s . Then Y(s) will be?
s eer
(A) 5 10e2s 5e4s (B)
1
2s 2 ing
5 10e2s 5e4s
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w.E
asy
(A) 2 6A B) 6 2A En (C)
4
A (D) 1.5 A
12 T
T t, 0<t< 2
Given I (t)
eer
6 , T <t<T
2 ing
T
1 2
T
1 2 12t
I dt
2 T
dt 6 dt
.ne
t
2
T0 T 0 T
T
2
T
T
1 2 1 144 2
2
36T
T 0
I dt 2 t dt
T T 0 2
1 144 T 3
T
1 2
T0
I dt
T T 2
18T
8
=6+18=24
T
1 2
T 0
Irms I dt 24 2 6A
Unsolved Problems:
Q.1 If current of 6 2 sin(100t) 6 2 cos(300t ) 6 2 A passed through a true RMS
4
ammeter, the meter reading will be
(A) 6 2A (B) 126 A (C) 12 A (D) 216 A
Q.2 The average value of the periodic signal x(t) shown in figure is
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w.E
(A)5/6 (B)1 (C)5 (D)6
sin2 asy
Q.3 Find the R.M.S. value of the function f(t) sin t cos t across [0,1]
cos2
(A) 1
En (B) 1
(C) 1
sin
2
2
(D) 1 gin
cos2
2
Q.4 Find the Average value of the function f(t) eer
t 1 across [0,3]
(A) 0 (B)
7
18
(C)
7
9 ing (D)
14
9
.ne
Type 5: Energy and Power Signals
For Concept, refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Signals
t
Common Mistake:
A periodic signal is always a Power Signal and a finite signal is always an Energy Signal.
Sample Problem 5:
The power in the signal s(t) 8cos(20t ) 4sin(15t) is?
2
(A)40 (B)41 (C)42 (D)82
Solution: (A) is correct option
10
s(t) 8cos(20t ) 4sin(15t)
2
s(t) 8sin(20t) 4sin(15t)
T
1
T 2T
2
Power lim s(t) dt
T
T
1
2
Power lim 8sin(20t) 4sin(15t) dt
T 2T
T
82 4 2
Power 40
2 2
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Unsolved Problems:
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Q.1 The frequency spectra of a x(t) is given below.
asy
En
gin
eer
The power of x(t) is ing
(A) 41w (B) 20.5w (C) 24w (D) 25w .ne
Q.2 Consider a continuous time signal x(t) (t 2) (t 2). The value of E∞ for the signal
t
t
x()d ?
11
Q.3 The power contained in the first 2 harmonics of periodic signal shown in figure below
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w.E
(A)0.3083 W (B)0.33 W (C)0.67 W (D)0.0308 W
asy
Q.4 Figure below shows the P.S.D. of a power signal x(t). Then the average power of the
signal is?
En
gin
eer
ing
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(A)1 W (B)2 W (C)3 W (D)6 W
Q.5 An ideal second order low pass filter shown below with cut off frequency of 1 rad/sec is
t
supplied with x(t)=e-tu(t). Energy at response of the system
1 1 1
(A) 1 J (B) J (C) J (D) J
2 4 8
12
n
f n cos
3
u n u n 6 . The energy of the signal is ?
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Common Tip:
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An LTI System by default is an Invertible System.
Sample Problem 6:
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The input x(t) and output y(t) of a system are related as y(t)
t
x( t )cos(3)d,
t t0
0 Let t0 1
t
x( )cos(3t
1 0 30 )d1
t t0
y(t t0 ) x()cos(3)d
o / p y(t t0 )
13
t
y(t) cos2 (3)d
0
t t
1 1
= d cos(6)d I1 I2
0
2 0
2
I1 is unbounded, I1 ∞ as t ∞
Unsolved Problems:
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Q.1 The following difference equation represents input output relationship of a
discrete system. y (n) 2y (n 1) 3y (n 2) 4x (n 1)
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The nature of the system is
(A) Causal, Time Variant and Unstable
asy
(B) Causal, Time Invariant and Unstable
(C) Anticausal, Time Invariant and Unstable
(D) Non causal, Time variant, and stable
En
gin
Q.2 The input and output relationship of a system is given below
d2 y(t) d2x(t)
dt2
2 2tx(t) 6
dt
Q.3 The impulse response of a discrete LTI system is given by h(n) = - (0.25)-n u(n – 4). .ne
The system is
14
ww
w.E
asy
En
The range of k for which the system is stable, is
gin
(A) k 3 (B) k 3 (C) k 1
3 eer (D) k 1
3
ing
Q.7 The block diagram representation of a CT system in the figure below . The system is
.ne
t
(A)BIBO Stable (B)BIBO Unstable (C)Marginally Stable (D)None
15
Type 7: Convolution
For Concept refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, LTI Systems
Common Mistake:
This is a lengthy question, take care of calculations as this is the most probable error.
Sample Problem 7:
Given two continuous time signals x(t)=e-t and y(t)=e-2t which exist for t>0 , the convolution
z(t)=x(t)*y(t) is
(A) e-t- e-2t (B) e-3t (C) et (D) e-t+ e-2t
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Solution: (A) is correct option
For x t e t , t 0 1
w.E X(s)
L.T.
s 1
1
For y t e2t , t 0 y(s)
L.T.
asy
z(t) x(t)* y(t), Z(s)=x(s) Y(s)
s2
If
Z(s)=
1
1
1
(s 1)(s 2) s 1 s 2 En
Taking inverse L.T.
z(t)= (e-t- e-2t)u(t)
gin
eer
Unsolved Problems:
ing
Q.1 The input of a system x(t) = e–6t u(t) and output y( t )
e 6 t e 8 t
2
u ( t )
.ne
The step Response s(t) is t
(A) s (t ) 1 (1 e 8t ) u (t ) (B) s (t ) 1 (e 8t ) u (t )
8 8
Q.2 Define the area under a continuous time signal V(t) is A v V(t)dt if y(t)=x(t)*h(t) ,
then Ay=?
16
x(n) = (-1)n ; 0 n 4
h(n) = (2)n ; 0 n 3
the convolution is defined as y(n) = x(n)*h(n) then y(2) & y(3) respectively ………..
Q.4 Let x(n) = {2, 5, 0, 4} ; h(n)={4, 1, 3} where x(n) is input signal of a discrete system and
h(n) is the impulse response of the same then. The output y(n) of the system is
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(A) y(n) = {8, 11, 12, 22, 4, 12}
w.E
(B) y(n) = {8, 11, 22, 4, 12, 12}
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eer
ing
.ne
The signal g(t) and h(t) defined as g(t)=x(t)e-3t and h(t)=y(t)* e-tu(t). If g(t) and h(t) are both
absolutely integrable, then
Q.6 The impulse response of a causal LTI system is given as h(t)=u(t)-u(t-6).The input to this
system shown below
(A)1 (B)2
(C)3 (D)4
17
Q.7 The input x(n) of a discrete system is given by x (n ) 3, 4, 6, 2 and impulse
response h (n ) 6, 2, 6 . The number of samples in y(n) and y(0)are
(A) 4, 10 (B) 4, 18 (C)6, 18 (D) 6, -30
Common Tip:
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Flip the function by which the convolution can be easier to save time like unit step function.
w.E
Sample Problem 8:
Find the response, when the function x(t) convolve with h(t)
asy
En
gin
eer
1
2
10t
(A) y(t)
t<0
0 t<2
0
ing
10t
(B) y(t)
t<0
0 t<2
10+5t 2 t<4
40 4t
10+5t 2 t<4
30 4t .ne
0
10t
(C) y(t)
t<0
0 t<2
(D)None
t
10t+5t 2 t<4
2
30 4t
18
for t<0
ww
w.E
y(t)=0
for 0 t<2 asy
En
gin
eer
t ing
y(t) 10 1d 10t
0 .ne
for 2 t<4
t
2 t
y(t) 10 1d 5 1d 10 5t
0 2
19
for 4 t
2 4
y(t) 10 1d 5 1d 30
ww 0 2
w.E
Unsolved Problems:
asy
x(t)
En y(t)
1 2
gin
0 4 t 8
eer
20 t
Q.2 The convolution of the signals x(t) & h(t) shown in fig. at t = 3 is
h(t)
x(t)
2 1
0 t t
1
0 1 3
20
Q.3 Given input of system x(t) (t) 2(t 1) (t 2) and impulse response h(t) is shown
in figure below . Then the output of the system is ?
ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
Q.4 The graph shown below represents a wave form obtained by convolving two .ne
rectangular waveform of duration
t
21
Q.5 The input x(t) to a linear time invariant system and the impulse response h(t) of the
system is shown below
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The output of the system is zero everywhere except for the
En
Common Mistake:
gin
Remember to divide by time period while calculating Fourier Series Coefficients.
22
2 n 3n
sin( ) sin
2 A
ww 2
T0
T0
2
2 0
2
3
A
an x(t)cos(n0 t)dt Acos(n0 t)dt Acos(n0 t)dt
n
2
n
n
2sin
n 2
w.E 2
2
T0 2
2 asy 2
A 1 cos(2n)
bn x(t)sin(n0 t)dt Asin(n0 t)dt Asin(n0 t)dt 0
T0 2 0
3
2
En
n
Hence x(t)=
A 2A 1 1
cost cos3t cos5t ............
2 3 5 gin
eer
Unsolved Problems:
ing
Q.1 Fourier series coefficient of the wave form is
.ne
t
A A
(A)
A
1 (1)k (B)
A
1 (1)k (C) 1 (1)k (D) 1 (1)k
k k jk jk
23
Q.2 f(x), shown in the figure is represented by f(x) a0 an cos(nx) bn sin(nx). The
n1
value of a0 is
ww
Q.3 Let x1(t) and x2(t) be continuous time periodic signal with fundamental frequency ω 1 and
ω2, Fourier series coefficient Cn and dn respectively.
w.E
Given that x2(t)=x1(t-1)+x1(1-t)
The Fourier coefficient dn will be
(A) Cn jCn e j1n
(C) Cn jCn e j1n
asy (B) Cn Cn e j1n
(D) Cn Cn e j1n
En
gin
Q.4 Determine the time signal corresponding to the magnitude and phase spectra as shown
in the figure with ω0=π
eer
ing
.ne
t
(A) x(t) 4sin 4 t 2cos 3t
8 4
(B) x(t) 4sin 2t 2cos 3t
8 4
(C) x(t) 4cos 4 t 2cos 3t
8 4
(D) x(t) 4cos 2t 2sin 3t
8 4
24
ww 2
4
f(t) 3 4cos t 4 2 cos 3t
(D)
w.E 2 4
asy
Type 10: Continuous Time Fourier Transform
En
For Concept refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Fourier Transform
e(a j)t
0
e(a j)t
t
X() t 2
(a j) 0 (a j) 0
1 1
X() 0 2
(a j) (a j)
2
Unsolved Problems:
25
d x(t td )
Q.2 Let the signal x(t) have the fourier transform X(ω). Consider the signal y(t) ,
dt
where td is arbitrary delay. The magnitude of the fourier transform of y(t) is?
(A) x() (B) x() (C) 2 x() (D) x() e jtd
Q.3 If a signal x(t)=1+cos(2πft)+cos(6 πft) is fourier transformed , the number of spectral lines
in the Fourier transform will be ?
(A)3 (B)4 (C)5 (D)6
FT
Q.4 if x(t) X() the F.T. of y(t)=x(t-1)ejt is
X(1)e j(1) X( 1)e j(1) X()e j(1) X( 1)e j
ww
(A) (B)
1
(C) (D)
(A)
w.E
Q.5 Fourier transform of f( b) is
1 jab
e F(a)
a
(B) a ejabF(a) (C) a e jabF(b) (D)
1 jab
e F(b)
a
asy a
26
Method 1
equation of x t t u t 1 u t 1 t 1u t 1 u t 1 t 1 u t 1 u t 1
Taking Fourier Transfer
e j e j e j e j 1 2
X(j) 2 2 [2jsin ] cos
2
j j j
cos sin
X(j) 2j 2
Method 2
equation of x t t u t 1 u t 1
ww
Taking Fourier Transform
X(j) j
dF.T. u t 1 u t 1
j
d 2sin
( ) j(
2 cos 2sin
)
w.E
X(j) 2j(
d
cos sin
2 )
d 2
asy
Unsolved Problems:
En
Q.1 The signal x(t) is shown as
gin
eer
ing
.ne
Then the inverse Laplace transform of X2(s) is? t
27
ww
(C)Both Laplace and Fourier transforms exists
(D)Neither Laplace nor Fourier transforms exists
w.E
Q.3 Find the Inverse Fourier transform of X(ω) for the magnitude and phase spectra of X(ω)
asy
En
gin
eer
(A)
A
1 cos 0 t (B)
A
t
ing
1 cos 0 t
A
(C) 1 sin 0 t
A
(D) 1 sin 0 t .ne
t
Q.4 Find the inverse Fourier transform of the spectra F(ω) depicted below
t
(A) 4 sinc2 (t)cos 4t
2
(B) sinc2 (t)cos 4t
2
(C) sinc2 (t)sin4t
4
(D) sinc2 (t)sin4t
28
Q.5 Determine the Fourier transform for the waveform shown below
w.E
asy
Type 12: Properties of Fourier Transform
En
For Concept refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Fourier Transform.
gin
Common Mistake:
eer
Remember the duality property correctly for functions like rectangular and triangular.
29
sin( )
sin(f) 2 sa( )
X(f),X() 1sinc(f) sinc
2 f 2
2
Note that Sinc and Sa functions are even,
i.e. Sinc(λ)=Sinc(-λ)
Sa(λ)=Sa(-λ)
Using Time Reversal property of F.T. :
x(t)
FT
X(f) or X()
sinc sinc X()
ww 2
x(t) x(t)
FT
2
X() + X()
w.E
2X() 2Sinc
2
asy
Unsolved Problems:
En
Q.1 The Fourier Transform of. x(t)
4 cos2t
t2 1
gin
(A)
3
2 1
(B)
4
42 1
(C)
2
2 4 eer (D) None of the above
.ne
(A)
sin
2
(B)
cos
2
(C) 2e 4
(D) 2e
t
Q.3 A phase shifter is defined by the frequency response
2
j 2
e 0
H(j)
e j 2 0
Then the impulse response h(t) will be
1 1 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
t t t t
30
Q.4 Consider a signal g(t) x1 (t) x2 (t) where x1 (t)=sinc50t and x2 (t)=sinc100t
Also g(t) G()
F.T.
ww
The amplitude A of the curve G(ω) is equal to 10-x . Then x is
(A)1 (B)2 (C)4 (D)5
w.E
Q.5 The inverse Laplace transform of X(s) 4s 15s
2
8
. If the Fourier transform of x(t)
(s 2) (s 1)
2
exists is ?
asy
(A) e2tu(t) 2te2tu(t) 3e tu(t)
(C) e2tu(t) 2te2tu(t) 3e tu(t) En (B) e2tu(t) 2te2tu(t) 3etu(t)
(D) None
g ine
Type 13: Initial Value in Fourier Transform
eri
Sample Problem 13:
ng
For Concept refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Fourier Transform
.ne
For the signal x(t) shown in figure find X(0) and
X()d ?
t
(A)7,4π
(B)21,6π
(C)69,π
(D)None
Solution: (A) is correct option
31
1
x(t)
2
X()e jtd
x(t)e
jt
and X() dt
ww
put ω=0 in above equation
X(0)
Unsolved Problems:
asy
Q.1 For the signal x(t) shown below,
En
Find
X() d and
2
X()e d
2 j
gin
(A) 7 ,
3
(B) 8 , 2
3 eer
(C) , 2 (D) 8
3
,
ing
Q.2 The sequence x(n) represents output of system in discrete time domain. .ne
The value of X(π) would be?
(A)3
t
(B)6
(C)9
(D)12
32
Common Mistake:
While Calculating Inverse Laplace Transform, take care about Region of Convergence of the
Transform like Laplace Transform may be same for both left sided signal and Right Sided
Signal.
ww
(A) 23 e s 22 e s
s s
(B) 23 e2s 22 e s
s s
(C) 23 e s 1 e s
s s
(D) None of the above
w.E
Solution: (C) is correct option
Let x(t)=(t2 2t)u(t 1) (t 1)2 u(t 1) u(t 1)
1 1
asy
Use the pairs and properties of LT:
u(t) , u(t 1)
LT
s
LT
e s
s
En
tu(t) LT 1
2 , t2u(t)
s
LT 2
3
s gin
(t 1)2 u(t 1)
LT
s
2
3 es
eer
2
X(s) 3 es es
s
1
s ing
.ne
Unsolved Problems:
Q.1 The O/p y(t) of a causal LTI system is related to the I/p x(t) as
t
dy(t)
10y(t) x()z(t )d x(t)
dt .
where x(t) = e-tU(t) + 3(t) then impulse response is
1 t 17 17 t 1
(A) e U(t) e10tU(t) (B) e U(t) e10tU(t)
9 9 9 9
33
Q.2 The output of the system shown in figure below .If the input x(t)= te-2tu(t) is ?
(A) t2e2tu(t)
(B) te2tu(t)
t2 2t
(C) e u(t)
2
(D) t e 2tu(t)
2
ww
Q.3 The Laplace transform of (sin t)u(t t0 ) is
(A)w.E e st0
s
2 2
sin t0 tan1 ( )
s
(B)
est0
s
2
2
sin t0 tan1 ( )
s
(C)
est0
asys
sin t0 tan1 ( )
(D)
est0 s
sin t0 tan1 ( )
s2 2
En s2 2
s2 a2
.ne
Q.5 What is the inverse Laplace transform of X(s) log 2 2
(A) x(t)
2
coshbt coshat
s b
(B) x(t)
2
sinhat sinhbt
t
t t
2 2
(C) x(t) coshbt cosat (D) x(t) sinhat sinbt
t t
34
Common Mistake:
Check for Stability of a signal before applying Final Value Theorem.
ww
h(t)=12.5e-6tsin(8t) , t≥0
w.E
sin(8t)u(t)
e6t sin(8t)u(t)
L.T.
8
L.T.
s 64
8
2
100
(s 6)2 64
asy
h(t) H(s)
L.T.
(s 6)2 64
En
If the step response is y(t)
t
h(t)dt,
gin
y(t)
eer
Y(s)
H(s)
s
100
s (s 6)2 64
(integrating property of LT is used)
ing
y ss lim y(t) limsY(s)
t s 0
100
100
1 (Final value theorem of LT is used) .ne
Unsolved Problems:
t
2(s 1)
Q.1 L f(t) then f(0) and f(∞) are ?
(s 2s 5)
2
35
(s2 2s 1)
Q.3 Determine the initial and final values of the f(t), Given that F(s)
(s 2)(s2 2s 4)
(A)0,8 (B)0,0 (C)1,doesn’t exist (D)None
b(s a)
Q.4 The unit step response of a system with the transfer function X(s) is c(t).If
(s b)
c(0)=2 and c(∞)=10 , then the ratio a is
b
(A)4 (B)5 (C)16 (D)25
ww 1 1 (1 z 4 )
Q.5 The z-Transform of signal is X(z) z
4 (1 z 1 )2
.What will be tha value of x[∞]?
w.E
(A)1/4 (B)0 (C)1 (D) ∞
asy
Type 16: Magnitude and Phase Response
En
For Concept refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Laplace Transform.
ing
.ne
(A)
1
2
sin(t 450 )
Solution: (A) is correct option
(B)
1
2
sin(t 450 ) (C) sin(t 450 ) (D) sin(t 450 )
t
s Amplitude response
System response H(s)=
s 1
H(j) =
j 2 1
H(j)=
j 1
36
Phase response
h (j)=90 0 tan1 ()
h (j) 1 =90 0 tan1 (1) 450
Unsolved Problems:
ww
Q.1 In fig. the steady state output corresponding to the input 3 + 4 sin 100t is
w.E
asy
En
(A) 3
4
2
sin(100t 450 )
gin
(B) 3 4 2 sin(100t 450 ) eer
3 4 ing
(C)
2
sin(100t 450 )
2
.ne
(D)
3
2
4
sin(100t 450 )
2
t
Q.2 Consider a distortion less system H(ω) with magnitude and phase response as shown
below . If an input signal x t 2cos10t sin26t is given to this system the output will be
37
ww
(C) 4cos 10t sin 26t
6
13
30
w.E
(D) 8cos 10t sin 26t
2
2
asy
Q.3 Let a signal a1sin(ω1t + φ) be applied to a stable linear time variant system. Let the
En
corresponding steady state output be represented as a2F(ω2t + φ2). Then which of the
following statement is true?
gin
(A) F is not necessarily a “Sine” or “Cosine” function but must be periodic with ω1 = ω2
(B) F must be a “Sine” or “Cosine” function with a1 = a2
(C) F must be a “Sine” function with ω1 = ω2 and φ1 = φ2
(D) F must be a “Sine” or “Cosine” function with ω1 = ω2 eer
ing
Q.4 A causal LTI filter has the frequency response H(jω) shown below . For the input signal
x(t) e jt , output will be?
.ne
t
jt
(A) 2je (B) 2je jt (C) 4 je jt (D) 4 je jt
s 2
Q.5 Consider a LTI system with system function H(s) . The steady state response
s 4s 4 2
38
Common Mistake:
Take care of ROC while calculating inverse of Z-Transform.
Consider the D.E. y(n) y(n 1) x(n) and x(n)= u(n) .Assuming the condition of initial
1 1
2
ww 3
rest, the solution for y(n): n 0 is
w.E
n n n n
asy
n n n n
(C) (D)
2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2
Solution: (B) is correct option
En
1
Given D.E. y(n) y(n 1) x(n)
3 gin
1
n n
X(z) u(n)z z
1 n 1
eer
n 2
n
n 0 2
1 1
2z ing
Taking ‘z’ Transform and Using time shifting property of ‘z’ Transform .ne
1 1
Y(z) y(z)z1 X(z) Y(z) 1 z1
1
t
3 3 1 1
2z
1 1 3 2
Y(z)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2z 3z 2z 3z
39
Unsolved Problems:
1
n
64 z 3 1 64 z 3 1
(A) X(z) = ;| z | (B) X(z) = ;| z |
1 4z 4 1 4z 4
64 z 2 1 64 z 3 1
(C) X(z) = ;| z | (D) X(z) = ;| z |
1 4z 2 4 1 4z 2 4
ww
Q.2 Consider three different signal
1
w.E
n
1
n
x2 n 2 u n 1 u n 1
n
2 asy
1
x 3 n 2n u n 1 un
n
En
2
gin
eer
Following figure shows the three different region. Choose the correct for the ROC of signal
ing
.ne
t
R1 R2 R3
(A) x1[n] x2[n] x3[n]
(B) x2[n] x3[n] x1[n]
(C) x1[n] x3[n] x2[n]
(D) x3[n] x2[n] x1[n]
40
1
Q.3 H(z) is transfer function of discrete system and has two poles at z = &2.
2
H(z) is rational. ROC includes z = 3 / 4, h(0) = 1 & h(–1) = 4 . Impulse response h(n) of the
system is
n n
1 1
(A) h (n) = u (n ) 4 n 2 u (n 1) (B) h (n) = u (n ) 4 n 2 u ( n 1)
2 2
n n
1 1
(C) h (n) = u (n ) 4 n 2 u ( n 1) (D) h (n) = u (n ) 4 n 2 u ( n )
2 2
ww
Q.4 Consider the pole zero diagram of an LTI system shown in the figure which
corresponds to transfer function H(z).
w.E
asy
En
gin
Match List I (The impulse response) with List II (ROC which corresponds to above diagram)
and choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
{Given that H(1) = 1} eer
ing
List-I (Impulse Response) List-II (ROC)
.ne
P. [(- 4)2n + 6(3)n]u[n]
Q. (- 4)2nu[n] + (- 6)3nu[- n - 1]
R. (4)2nu[- n - 1] + (- 6)3nu[- n - 1]
S. 4(2)nu[- n - 1] + (- 6)3nu[n]
1. does not exist
2. z > 3
3. z < 2
4. 2 < z < 3
t
Codes :
PQRS
(A) 4 1 3 2
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1 4 2 3
(D) 2 4 3 1
41
Q.5 The input-output relationship of a system is given as y[n] - 0.4y[n - 1] = x[n] where, x[n]
and y[n] are the input and output respectively. The zero state response of the system for an
input x[n] = (0.4)nu[n] is
(A) n 0.4 un (B) n2 0.4 un
n n
(A) 2z2 4z 5 7z z3 ,z
(B) 2z 2 4z 1 5 7z z3 ,z
ww 2 z 1
(C) 2z 4 5 7z z , 0 z
1
3
3
(D) 2z 4z 5 7z z , 0 z
2
w.E
Q.7 The system diagram for the transfer function H(z) z
, is shown below
asy z z 1
2
En
gin
eer
ing
The system diagram is a
.ne
(A) Correct solution
(B) Not correct solution
(C) Correct and unique solution
(D) Correct but not unique solution
t
Type 18: Sampling
For Concept, refer to Signals and Systems K-Notes, Sampling
Common Mistake:
For Band Pass Signals Nyquist Rate is different from Low Pass Signals.
42
ww
w.E
asy
En
Solution: (B) is correct option gin
eer
Highest frequency of the input signal, fh=1 KHz as shown in the figure
ing
.ne
Sampling interval, Ts=1 ms, fs=1 KHz => fs= fh , Therefore Aliasing or overlap of the
t
adjacent spectra occurs in the sampled spectrum because fs< 2fh
The Sampled spectrum :
U*(j) U*(f) fs U(f nfs )
n
43
The resultant spectrum U*(j) is constant for all ‘f’ as shown in figure below
ww
Unsolved Problems:
w.E
Q.1 The Nyquist rate of the signal x (t ) 3 cos (3000 t ) 5 sin (9000 t )
(A) 9 KHz (B) 4.5 KHz (C)6 KHz (D) 2.5 KHz
asy
Q.2 A continuous signal x(t) is obtained at the O/p of an ideal LPF with cut off frequency
1000 . If impulse train sampling is Performed on x(t), which of the following sampling
En
Periods would guarantee that x(t) can be recovered form its sampled version using an
appropriate LPF?
ing
Q.3 Let, m(t)=2cos600πt + 2cos800πt, if it is sampled by rectangular pulse train , as shown in
the following figure .
.ne
t
The spectral components in KHz present in sampled signal in frequency range 2KHz to 3KHz
(A)2.3,2.4,2.6,2.7 (B)2.6,2.7 (C)2.3,2.4 (D)2.2,2.4,2.6,2.8
Q.4 A signal x(t) 2 cos(50t) is sampled with sampling interval Ts=0.025 sec and passed
through an ideal low-pass filter whose frequency response is shown in the figure
44
ww
w.E
asy
En
Q.5 Determine the Nyquist sampling rate for the signal x(t) sinc(50t)sinc(100t)
(A)50 (B)100 (C)125
gin (D)150
eer
ing
.ne
t
45
Answer Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Type 1 B C A D
Type 2 D B D C A
Type 3 D A D B C
Type 4 C A A D
Type 5 B A A D C C
Type 6 B B B D A A B
wwType 7
Type 8
A
B
B
C
B
A
C
D
C
A
A C
w.E
Type 9
Type 10
C
A
A
A
D
C
C
A
B
B
Type 11
Type 12
D
D asy B
D
B
A
B
B
A
A
Type 13
Type 14
B
A
C
A En B D C
Type 15
Type 16
B
A
D
C
C
D gin
B
B
C
Type 17 A C C D
eer
C D D
Type 18 B A B B D
ing
.ne
t
46
ww
w.E
asy
En
gin
eer
ing
.ne
t
ww
w.E
a syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
et