Let 2 Academic Challnege

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ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017

LET2
1 U4C1L3: ___________ is the chemical process by which the body produces energy and
maintains vital functions.
Answer: Metabolism
2 U4C1L3: What is a calorie?
Answer: The amount of energy it takes to raise one kilogram of water to one degree Celsius.
3 U4C1L3: What are the six food groups of the Food Guide Pyramid?
Answer: Bread, cereals, rice and pasta; vegetables; fruit; milk, cheese, and yogurt;
meat, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts; fats, oils, and sweets.
4 U4C1L3: What is a carbohydrate?
Answer: A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (including starches

and sugars) produced by green plants and used to provide energy necessary for growth
and other functions.
5 U4C1L3: ____________ is a condition characterized by a calcium deficiency in the bone

mass in which the body pulls calcium from the bones, causing them to lose their
density and perhaps fracture.
Answer: Osteoporosis
6 U4C1L3: ___________ is a disease that causes too much blood sugar to build up in the
body that, if untreated, can lead to blindness, heart damage, and kidney failure.
Answer: Diabetes
7 U4C1L3: Name three commonly consumed stimulants.
Answer: Coffee, tea, and sodas that contain caffeine
8 U4C1L3: What is a protein?
Answer: Nutrients that are made of amino acids and that maintain body tissues and
supply energy to the body.
9 U4C1L3: What is a vitamin?
Answer: A nutrient that occurs naturally in plant and animal tissue and is required for
proper functioning of the body.
10 U4C1L3: What is the purpose of fiber in a diet?
Answer: It has no calories, but it is roughage that aids the digestive system in the
movement of food.
11 U4C1L3: What percentage of the human body is made up of water?
Answer: At least 65 percent
12 U4C1L3: Natural chemical elements of the earth used by the body to supply necessary
nutrition are ____________.
Answer: Minerals
13 U4C1L3: Nutrients that occur naturally in plant and animal tissue and are required for
proper functioning of the body are____________.
Answer: Vitamins
ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017– LET 2 1

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LET2
14 U4C1L3: ____________ is the chemical process by which the body produces energy
and maintains vital functions.
Answer: Metabolism
15 U4C1L3: _____________ is coarse food made mostly of carbohydrates, such as bran

or lettuce, that serves to stimulate and aid the movement of food through the
intestines.
Answer: Fiber
16 U4C1L3: Nutrients that are made of amino acids and that maintain body tissues and
supply energy to the body are called ______________.
Answer: Proteins
17 U4C1L3: There are six food groups in the ___________.
Answer: Food Guide Pyramid
18 U4C1L3: Another name for fiber in a diet is ___________.
Answer: Roughage
19 U4C1L4: Sugars are called ____________ and they are quickly digested and absorbed
into the bloodstream.
Answer: Simple carbohydrates
20 U4C1L4: Why do starches, or complex carbohydrates, take longer to digest?
Answer: The body must first break them into simple sugars or glucose before they
can enter the bloodstream.
21 U4C1L4: Name two good food sources of complex carbohydrates.
Answer: Breads, cereal, pasta, rice, and starchy vegetables such as peas, corn,
beans, and potatoes
22 U4C1L4: ___________ disease is the main killer of the American people.
Answer: Cardiovascular
23 U4C1L4: What are the two types of vitamins?
Answer: Fat soluble and water-soluble
24 U4C1L4: Oil or fat that is liquid at room temperature, is low in hydrogen, and can lower
the level of blood cholesterol is called ______________.
Answer: Mono-unsaturated fat
25 U4C1L4: An oil or fatty acid containing more than one double or triple bond and is
therefore cholesterol defensive is called ________________.
Answer: A poly-unsaturated fat
26 U4C1L4: Standards developed by the U.S. government for the regulation of vitamin and
mineral requirements are called ______________.
Answer: Referenced Daily Intakes (RDI)
27 U4C1L4: A fat that does not melt at room temperature and can raise the blood
cholesterol level is called a ____________.
2 ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017– LET 2

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LET2
Answer: Saturated fat
28 U4C1L4: ___________ is a fatty material that is present in all body tissue and is
needed for the health of cells but may cause heart and artery disease in large
quantities.
Answer: Cholesterol
29 U4C1L4: Starches, also called _____________, take longer to digest because the body
must first break them into simple sugars or glucose before they can enter the
bloodstream.
Answer: Complex carbohydrates
30 U4C1L4: ___________ in a diet has no calories but is roughage that aids the digestive
system in the movement of foods.
Answer: Fiber
31 U4C1L4: Fat soluble and water soluble are two types of __________.
Answer: Vitamins
32 U4C2L1: What is the first step in administering first aid?
Answer: Evaluating the injured
33 U4C2L1: What are the "ABCDs" of evaluating an injury?
Answer: "A" is for open the airway; "B" is for assess breathing; "C" is for assess
circulation; "D" is for assess the disability
34 U4C2L1: What are some of the symptoms of head injuries?
Answer: Pupils of different sizes; slurred speech; staggering when walking;

convulsing
35 U4C2L1: What is first aid?
Answer: Immediate care given to an injured or ill person to keep him or her alive or
stop further damage until qualified medical treatment can be administered.
36 U4C2L1: CPR stands for ____________.
Answer: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
37 U4C2L1: If there is more than one person injured in an accident, how do you decide
who gets treated first?
Answer: Evaluate the injuries and help the person who is most seriously injured first.
38 U4C2L1: Pupils of different sizes, slurred speech, staggering when walking, and
convulsions are symptoms of what kind of injury?
Answer: Head injury
39 U4C2L1: What is the Good Samaritan Law?
Answer: A law in most states that protects people from lawsuits if medical
complications arise after they have administered first aid correctly.

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LET2
40 U4C2L2: Another name for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is ______________.
Answer: Rescue Breathing
41 U4C2L2: A _____________ occurs when blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to
the brain ruptures or when a blood clot forms and blocks the flow of blood in the
brain.
Answer: Stroke
42 U4C2L2: How can you save yourself if you are alone and are choking on an object
lodged in your airway?
Answer: Lean forward over a railing, sink, or chair and thrust yourself downward until
you dislodge the obstruction.
43 U4C2L2: Another name for rescue breathing is ______________.
Answer: Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
44 U4C2L2: What is an AED?
Answer: Automated External Defibrillator
45 U4C2L2: What is an Automated External Defibrillator used for?
Answer: To treat victims of sudden cardiac arrest by measuring heart rhythms and
administering a shock when necessary.
46 U4C2L2: The technique for clearing the clogged air passageway of a choking victim is
called ____________.
Answer: The Heimlich maneuver
47 U4C2L3: Heavy or uncontrollable bleeding from blood vessels is called ___________.
Answer: A Hemorrhage
48 U4C2L3: Bleeding from the smallest blood vessels is called ____________.
Answer: Capillary bleeding
49 U4C2L3: Bleeding that is characterized by a steady flow of dark blood is called

___________ bleeding.
Answer: Venous
50 U4C2L3: Bleeding that is characterized by bright red blood that spurts with each
heartbeat is ___________ bleeding.
Answer: Arterial
51 U4C2L3: In most cases, what is the best way to stop loss of blood?
Answer: Apply direct pressure to the wound.
52 U4C2L3: What is an artery?
Answer: A blood vessel that carry blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
53 U4C2L3: What are veins?
Answer: Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart.

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LET2
54 U4C2L3: If sterile dressings or clean cloth is not available, what do you use to apply
pressure to a wound to control bleeding?
Answer: Use clothing or your hands or your fingers - whatever is cleaner
55 U4C2L3: No matter what type of bleeding you see in a victim, first aid treatment
includes stopping the flow of blood and ______________.
Answer: Preventing infection
56 U4C2L3: In cases of severe bleeding that does not slow or stop when direct pressure is
applied, how do you stop the bleeding?
Answer: By using finger pressure on the pressure point on the injured limb between
the wound and the heart.
57 U4C2L3: If a tourniquet must be used to control bleeding, where on the body is it

applied?
Answer: Two to four inches above the wound but not over a joint.
58 U4C2L3: How do you notify rescue personnel that a victim has a tourniquet?
Answer: Mark the victim's forehead with a "T."
59 U4C2L3: How do you treat a chest wound?
Answer: Wrap the wound tightly in plastic wrap or foil and have the victim sit up or
lay on the injured side.
60 U4C2L3: Of the following, which is an example of capillary bleeding?
Answer: A tear
61 U4C2L3: What's the best way to stop bleeding of wounds to the extremities?
Answer: Apply direct pressure.
62 U4C2L3: What are visceral organs?
Answer: Internal organs, as in those exposed by open abdominal wounds.
63 U4C2L4: What is an open fracture?
Answer: One in which the sharp edges of the bone cut through the skin.
64 U4C2L4: Another name for an open fracture is ____________.
Answer: A compound fracture
65 U4C2L4: The RICE formula is used to treat bone, joint, and muscle injuries. Explain
what RICE stands for.
Answer: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
66 U4C2L4: The first action to take when dealing with a fracture is _____________.
Answer: To immobilize it
67 U4C2L4: How do you make a field-expedient sling?
Answer: Pin the victim's shirttail up to support the weight of the arm.

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LET2
68 U4C2L4: Explain the difference between a simple and a compound fracture.
Answer: In a simple fracture, no skin is torn by the bone. In a compound fracture,

the sharp edges on the bone protrude through the skin.
69 U4C2L4: What physiological events cause a body to go into shock?
Answer: To correct damage from an injury and protect its blood supply, a human
body routes blood away from the outer tissues to organs inside the body,
which prevents adequate blood and oxygen from reaching the brain.
70 U4C2L4: Describe the appearance of a victim who is in shock.
Answer: Skin is pale or blue and cold to the touch.
71 U4C2L4: What is the difference between an open and closed fracture?
Answer: A closed fracture does not penetrate the skin. An open fracture occurs when
the sharp edges of the bone protrude out through the skin.
72 U4C2L4: Another name for an open fracture is a _____________.
Answer: compound fracture
73 U4C2L4: What is the most important action to take when dealing with a fracture?
Answer: To immobilize injured bones to prevent further damage
74 U4C2L5: What are the three types of burns?
Answer: Heat, chemical and electrical
75 U4C2L5: What is the most painful type of burn?
Answer: Second-degree burns, because nerve endings are still intact even though
tissue damage is severe.
76 U4C2L5: The type of burn caused by wind, brief exposure to steam, and light sunburn is
______________.
Answer: First-degree burn
77 U4C2L5: Flammable liquids that suddenly burst into flames generally cause what degree
of burns?
Answer: Second-degree
78 U4C2L5: What degree of burn is caused by electric shock?
Answer: Third-degree
79 U4C2L5: When do you not remove clothing from a third-degree burn?
Answer: When the cloth sticks to the burn or when in a chemically contaminated area.
80 U4C2L5: Name three items that can be used to separate an electric shock victim from
the source of the electric current.
Answer: A broom, stick, chair, or other item of dry non-conducting material like
wood, plastic, or cardboard

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LET2
81 U4C2L5: What variables affect the seriousness of a chemical burn?
Answer: The length of time the chemical is in contact with the skin; the concentration
(or strength) of the chemical; the temperature of the product containing the chemical.
82 U4C2L6: On what side should a victim's body be positioned to delay absorption of an

oral poison into the circulatory system?
Answer: On his or her left side
83 U4C2L6: What two types of fluids are appropriate for victims who have ingested
corrosive or caustic poisons?
Answer: Milk or water.
84 U4C2L6: Explain the difference between a cut and a tear wound.
Answer: A cut, or incision, is a straight, even wound made with a sharp object like a
knife or razor blade. A tear, or laceration, is caused by objects with sharp,
irregular edges that leave jagged, torn tissue.
85 U4C2L6: A ____________ is caused by sliding contact between skins and a rough

surface.
Answer: Scrape (or abrasion)
86 U4C2L6: How do you treat a bruise?
Answer: Ice it and elevate it, and seek medical attention if it continues to swell,
becomes more painful, appears deformed, or if the body part won't move.
87 U4C2L6: A scrape on the skin, called _____________, is accompanied by little bleeding.
Answer: an abrasion
88 U4C2L6: _____________ is a cut from a knife or other sharp object and is accompanied
by heavy bleeding and damage to muscles, tendons, or nerves.
Answer: An incision
89 U4C2L7: Why is excessive intake of salt bad for the body?
Answer: Salt causes the body to retain unnecessary water, in turn increasing blood pressure.
90 U4C2L7: Another name for the sweat evaporation that carries heat away from the body
is ______________.
Answer: Perspiration or perspiring
91 U4C2L7: ______________ is the condition that results when fluids are lost from the
body and not replaced.
Answer: Dehydration
92 U4C2L7: When in a high heat or high humidity environment, what type of clothing
should be worn to prevent heat exhaustion?
Answer: Clothing that provides ventilation.
93 U4C2L7: ____________ are muscular pains and spasms that are caused by loss of salt
from the body due to heavy perspiration.
Answer: Heat cramps

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LET2
94 U4C2L7: What physiological event takes place during heat exhaustion?
Answer: When the body loses a great amount of fluid through heavy perspiration,
less blood flows to vital organs, resulting in a form of shock.
95 U4C2L7: The most threatening kind of heat injury is ______________.
Answer: Heatstroke or sunstroke
96 U4C2L7: What causes heat cramps?
Answer: Loss of salt from the body through sweating or inadequate intake.
97 U4C2L7: What is dehydration?
Answer: An imbalance of fluids in the body caused when fluids and salt are not replaced.
98 U4C2L8: What causes trench foot?
Answer: Prolonged exposure of the feet to wet conditions.
99 U4C2L8: When body tissue dies because of a lack of blood supply, as happens with
deep frostbite, it is called ________.
Answer: Gangrene
100 U4C2L8: What is snow blindness?
Answer: Sunburn on the eyes caused by the sun's glare off of ice or snow.
101 U4C2L8: What do experts mean when they say that precipitation increases cold weather
injuries?
Answer: Water or moisture in the form of rain or snow speeds the loss of body heat
and can cause cold weather injuries.
102 U4C2L8: When ice crystals form in body tissue exposed to temperatures below freezing,
it is called ____________.
Answer: Frostbite
103 U4C2L8: Long exposure of the feet to wet conditions at temperatures between 32
degrees and 50 degrees causes what injury?
Answer: Immersion foot/Trench foot
104 U4C2L8: Name the three steps for treating snow blindness.
Answer: Cover the eyes with a dark cloth to discourage painful eye movement; Give the eyes
complete rest or use dark bandages and glasses to protect the eyes; Seek medical
treatment.
105 U4C2L8: How do you treat cold weather dehydration?
Answer: Move the victim out of wind and cold and keep him or her warm; Loosen the
victim's clothing; Give the victim fluids, rest, and prompt medical treatment.
106 U4C2L9: Name the three types of venoms.
Answer: Neurotoxins, Hemotoxins and Cardiotoxins
107 U4C2L9: What type of venom affects the nervous system and can cause death by
paralysis?
Answer: Neurotoxins

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LET2
108 U4C2L9: What type of venom digests tissues, including blood cells?
Answer: Hemotoxins
109 U4C2L9: What are the indicators of a hemotoxic snake-bite injury?
Answer: Severe burning pain, discoloration at the bite site, and fang marks.
110 U4C2L9: Although not all snakes are poisonous, all snakes may carry what infection?
Answer: Tetanus (or Lockjaw)
111 U4C2L9: For snake bites on arms and legs where are constricting bands placed?
Answer: Two to four inches above and below the bite
112 U4C2L9: Name the viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals
that is transmitted by bites that can result in paralysis and death if left untreated.
Answer: Rabies
113 U4C2L9: Venom from black widow spiders and tarantulas is what kind of toxin?
Answer: Neurotoxin
114 U4C2L9: Name a common household ingredient that can be used to make a paste to
relieve pain and itching of insect bites.
Answer: Baking soda and water paste
115 U4C2L9: What should you do to treat skin that has come into contact with a poisonous
plant?
Answer: Apply rubbing alcohol, apply calamine, and do not cover the rash with a dressing
116 U4C2L9: Severe burning pain, discoloration, and swelling around bite marks are
characteristics of what kind of bite?
Answer: Snake Bite
117 U4C3L1: What illegal drug causes a reduction in blood sugar levels and a craving for
food known as the "munchies?"
Answer: Marijuana
118 U4C3L1: What is the leading cause of death of young people in the U.S.?
Answer: Alcohol related car crashes
119 U4C3L1: What kinds of drugs are heroin, codeine, and opium?
Answer: Narcotics
120 U4C3L1: The __________ is the first organ damaged by long-term alcohol abuse.
Answer: Liver
121 U4C3L1: _____________ is the most widely consumed and abused drug in the United
States.
Answer: Alcohol

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LET2
122 U4C3L1: What kind of drug is cocaine?
Answer: It is a stimulant.
123 U4C3L1: ____________ are drugs that act as depressants by lowering blood pressure
and body temperature and by slowing heart and breathing rates.
Answer: Barbiturates
124 U4C3L1: ______________ is used legally as a medical sedative in Europe, but in the
U.S. is called "the date-rape drug."
Answer: Rohypnol
125 U4C3L1: What is a controlled substance?
Answer: A substance whose manufacture, possession, or sale is controlled by law.
126 U4C3L1: Long-term alcohol abuse interferes with the __________ ability to break
down fats.
Answer: liver's
127 U4C3L1: Cocaine is an illegal drug that acts as a ____________ on the nervous
system.
Answer: Stimulant
128 U4C3L1: What are two medical uses for the stimulants known as amphetamines?
Answer: They are used to treat obesity, narcolepsy, and hyperactivity
129 U4C3L1: Barbiturates are drugs that act as ___________ by lowering blood pressure
and body temperature and by slowing heart and breathing rates.
Answer: Depressants
130 U4C3L1: ____________ is used as a tranquilizer for animals but can cause
hallucinations in humans.
Answer: PCP, or Angel Dust
131 U4C3L1: What drug contrbutes to heart disease and is a factor in 90 percent of
teenage driving accidents, and 70% of teenage suicide attempts?
Answer: Alcohol
132 U4C3L1: What is an "over-the-counter" medication?
Answer: A medicine that can be purchased legally without a prescription.
133 U4C3L1: What is a stimulant?
Answer: drug, drink, or substance that speeds up the activity of the mind or body.
134 U4C3L1: What is a barbiturate?
Answer: A substance, also called a depressant, that slows the activity of the mind or body.
135 U4C3L1: Drugs that alter the physical senses, producing sounds, visions, and smells
that are not real and that distort the concepts of time and space in a user's mind
are called ___________________.
Answer: Hallucinogens

11
LET2
136 U4C3L1: What is "Amotivational syndrome," and what drug causes it?
Answer: Apathy and loss of ambition and drive. This syndrome is an effect of
marijuana use.
137 U4C3L1: Another name for illegal, synthetic drugs that have slightly-changed molecular
structures is _____________.
Answer: Designer drugs
138 U4C3L1: Tobacco is considered a "gateway" drug. Define the term "gateway."
Answer: A term attached to alcohol and tobacco due to the fact that their use often
leads to further drug abuses.
139 U4C3L1: How many Americans die yearly from smoking-related diseases?
Answer: 350,000
140 U4C3L1: What percent of teenage automobile accidents involve alcohol?
Answer: 90%
141 U4C3L2: What are the chances that a first-time user of cocaine will become addicted?
Answer: One in six
142 U4C3L2: What are the chances that a first-time crack user will become addicted?
Answer: One in three
143 U4C3L2: Name the five stages of drug abuse.
Answer: Experimental use, occasional use, regular use, multiple drug use, and total
dependency
144 U4C3L2: What do you do with an unconscious alcohol victim?
Answer: Place the victim on his or her side so the victim won't choke or drown in his
or her own vomit.
145 U4C3L2: Name three actions you can take if someone you know has a drug problem.
Answer: Convince the person to seek help; Tell a responsible adult you are concerned
about the person; Report drug dealers to the appropriate authority.
146 U4C3L2: What education campaign encourages college students to be responsible for
each other and help each other avoid drunk driving situations?
Answer: The volunteer system
147 U4C3L2: What underlying agreement between students and parents makes the
program Students Against Drunk Driving (SADD) so successful?
Answer: The agreement that teenagers call their parents for rides if the teens or their
friends have been drinking.
148 U5C1L2: Give three examples of man-made objects frequently found on maps.
Answer: Bridges, Roads, Railroads, Towers, etc.

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LET2
149 U5C1L2: A map that shows relief and the position of natural and man-made features is
a ____________ map.
Answer: Topographic
150 U5C1L2: What is a map?
Answer: A line drawing of a portion of the earth's surface, as seen from above.
151 U5C1L2: What is meant by the phrase "to scale," as in a map being drawn "to scale?"
Answer: With each set measurement on the scale representing a set amount of the
earth's surface.
152 U5C1L2: What are the three most common types of maps?
Answer: City or state road maps; geographic maps or atlases; and topographic maps
153 U5C1L2: ____________ maps show an overall view of the mapped area in relation to
climate, population, relief, and/or vegetation.
Answer: Geographic
154 U5C1L2: What is an atlas?
Answer: A collection of geographic maps of regions, countries, continents, or the world.

.
155 U5C1L2: What type of map is generally the most accurate?
Answer: Topographic
156 U5C1L2: _____________ maps show terrain and land forms in a way which can be
measured.
Answer: Topographic
157 U5C1L2: Define "terrain."
Answer: A region or tract of land; the character (or topography) of a tract of land.
158 U5C1L2: How is elevation normally indicated on a topographic map?
Answer: By vertical contour lines
159 U5C1L2: What type of map is most commonly used in the military?
Answer: Topographic
160 U5C1L2: Instructions on a map are also known as _______________.
Answer: Marginal information
161 U5C1L2: Where on a map is marginal information located?
Answer: On the outer edge of the map.

.
162 U5C1L2: How are maps named?
Answer: They are named after the most prominent cultural or geographic feature in
the area.
163 U5C1L2: Inserts on sheet maps that examine small sections of the map in more detail
are found _______________.
Answer: Around the margin or on the reverse side of the map sheet.

13
LET2
164 U5C1L2: What is "relief" on a map?
Answer: The shape of the land formations on the earth's surface.
165 U5C1L2: Special rulers used to measure ground distance on a map are called _______.
Answer: Bar scales
166 U5C1L2: What are the most common units of measurement on bar scales?
Answer: Miles and kilometers
167 U5C1L2: What is a printing note on a map?
Answer: A note that indicates the agency responsible for printing the map, as well as
the date the map information was obtained.
168 U5C1L2: The printing date on a map indicates the date on which the information on
the map was ____________.
Answer: Obtained
169 U5C1L2: A _____________ is a mapmaker's shorthand method of illustrating and

identifying mapped features using symbols to show prominent features.
Answer: Legend
170 U5C1L2: How are roads indicated on a map?
Answer: Parallel or solid lines that indicate road size by their thickness and color.
171 U5C1L2: How are railroads symbolized on a map?
Answer: Single or parallel lines with horizontal tick marks.
172 U5C1L2: How are airports generally symbolized on a map?
Answer: By a picture of an airplane.
173 U5C1L2: How are water features symbolized on a map?
Answer: In blue and in the approximate shape of the water feature.
174 U5C1L2: How are route markers generally symbolized on a map?
Answer: By a shield or shape containing the number of the road in its center.
175 U5C1L2: East-west routes that are principle routes on maps are identified with
__________ numbers.
Answer: Even
176 U5C1L2: North-South routes or principle routes on maps are identified with
____________ numbers.
Answer: Odd
177 U5C1L2: How many digits are in loop or belt routes that circle or bypass major cities?
Answer: Three
178 U5C1L2: How are spur routes that lead into major cities identified in map symbols?
Answer: Red, white and blue signs with three-digit numbers with the first number
always being odd (for example I-580).

14
LET2
179 U5C1L2: Green signs marking routes from principle, loop, or belt highways that go to
or through cities are called ______________.
Answer: Business routes
180 U5C1L2: What is a boundary symbol on a map?
Answer: A broken or intermittent line of varying pattern used to denote different

boundaries such as found between counties, states, or time zones.
181 U5C1L2: How is mileage between major cities symbolized on state or regional maps?
Answer: In red ink with red directional arrows centered between the two cities.
182 U5C1L2: What chart on a map shows the actual ground mileage between major cities
located on the map?
Answer: Official Highway Mileage chart
183 U5C1L2: What does the color black represent on a map?
Answer: Man-made features such as buildings or roads.
184 U5C1L2: What does the color blue represent on a map?
Answer: Water features such as lakes, swamps, and rivers
185 U5C1L2: What does the color brown represent on a map?
Answer: Elevation and relief features such as mountain ranges
186 U5C1L2: What does the color green represent on a map?
Answer: Vegetation such as woods, grassland, brush, orchards, or vineyards
187 U5C1L2: What does the color red represent on a map?
Answer: Man-made features such as populated areas, main roads, or special features
188 U5C1L2: _____________ is the high-tech worldwide radio navigation system formed
from a network of 24 satellites and their ground stations.
Answer: Global Positioning System (GPS)
189 U5C1L2: What is a legend on a map?
Answer: A mapmaker's shorthand method of illustrating and identifying mapped

features using symbols to show prominent features.
190 U5C1L2: Parallel or solid lines that vary in thickness and color mark ____ on a map.
Answer: Roads
191 U5C1L2: Blue areas of varying shape symbolize _____________ on a map.
Answer: Water features
192 U5C1L2: A shield or other shape with numbers in the center symbolizes
_____________ on a map.
Answer: Route markers

15
LET2
193 U5C1L2: A principle route with a number of I-70 runs what direction?
Answer: East-West
194 U5C1L2: A principle route with a number of I-35 runs what direction?
Answer: North-South
195 U5C1L2: What can you assume about a principle route with a number of I-435?
Answer: That it is a loop or beltway or bypass around a major city and that it runs
North-South.
196 U5C1L2: How does a GPS work?
Answer: It is a radio navigation system that uses a network of 24 satellites and their
ground stations to determine precise coordinates on the ground.
197 U5C1L2: Objects on a map such as bridges, roads, and railroads are called ________.
Answer: Manmade objects
198 U5C1L2: What is meant by the phrase "to scale," as in a map being drawn "to scale?"
Answer: With each set measurement on the scale representing a set amount of the
earth's surface.
199 U5C1L2: What do geographic maps show?
Answer: An overall view of the mapped area in relation to climate, population, relief,
and/or vegetation.
200 U5C1L2: A region or tract of land, or the character (or topography) of a tract of land is
called ____________.
Answer: Terrain
201 U5C1L2: ____________ on a topographic map is normally indicated by vertical contour

lines.
Answer: Elevation
202 U5C1L2: What is marginal information on a map?
Answer: A set of coded instructions for deciphering a map.
203 U5C1L2: ___________ are small sections of a sheet map that are given in great detail,
generally found on the reverse side of the map sheet.
Answer: Inserts
204 U5C1L2: What is "relief" on a map?
Answer: The shape of land formations on the earth's surface.
205 U5C1L2: Special rulers used to measure ground distance on a map are called _______.
Answer: Bar scales
206 U5C1L2: A mapmaker's shorthand method of illustrating and identifying mapped

features using symbols to show prominent features is called ____________.
Answer: The legend

16
LET2
207 U5C1L2: How are water features symbolized on a map?
Answer: In blue and in the approximate shape of the feature.
208 U6C1L1: What is a preamble?
Answer: An introductory statement that explains the purpose or intention of a document.
209 U6C1L2: ____________ is the citizenship skill that involves the art of working together
in a group toward a common goal.
Answer: Cooperation
210 U6C1L2: Accepting the difference in others and respecting those differences is the
citizenship skill of ____________.
Answer: Respect
211 U6C1L2: Name the seven citizenship skills.
Answer: Cooperation, Patience, Fairness, Respect, Strength, Self Improvement, and Balance
212 U6C1L2: Define "cooperation."
Answer: One of the seven citizenship skills that involves the art of working together
in a group toward a common goal.
213 U6C1L2: ___________ is the citizenship skill in which one learns the proper timing for
acting on an idea or decision.
Answer: Patience
214 U6C1L2: ____________ is the citizenship skill that is designed to help people temper
their individual desires with the needs of society as a whole.
Answer: Fairness
215 U6C1L2: ____________ means having acceptance of others and not necessarily love
for each other.
Answer: Respect
216 U6C1L2: _____________ is listening and being fair to others.
Answer: Equality
217 U6C1L2: ____________ is the citizenship skill that involves the willingness of citizens
to stand up for what they believe in, to denounce what is wrong, and to accept
responsibility for mistakes.
Answer: Strength
218 U6C1L2: ____________ is the citizenship skill that involves the desire to continually
learn new skills and improve on others.
Answer: Self-Improvement
219 U6C1L2: Define the citizenship skill "balance."
Answer: A skill that involves understanding there is more than one side to every issue
and having the ability to come to agreement and resolve differences by
either compromising or harmonizing solutions.

17
LET2
220 U6C1L2: The skill of practicing balance involves using either _____________ or
_____________ to achieve an agreement that works.
Answer: Compromise or Harmony
221 U6C1L2: Define "perseverance."
Answer: Adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness
222 U6C1L2: ____________ is defined as give and take in a relationship so that both sides
can be satisfied.
Answer: Compromise
223 U6C1L2: Define "harmony" as it is used in the citizenship skill of balance.
Answer: Combining the best qualities of all sides to develop a better solution.
224 U6C1L2: A solution to a problem that solves or meets all sides' needs is called a
____________ situation.
Answer: Win/Win
225 U6C1L2: A group of people who meet with the common goal of improving or
contributing to their classroom, school or community is called a __________.
Answer: Citizen Action Group
226 U6C1L3: Define a "simple majority."
Answer: More than half of the votes are in favor of a certain option.
227 U6C1L3: What is a consensus?
Answer: A process by which everyone in a group accepts a decision. It is not

necessary for everyone to agree with the decision to reach consensus, but
that everyone accepts the decision and/or the manner in which it was made
and thus will not undermine or oppose the result.
228 U6C1L3: When should a "veto" be used in Citizen Action Group process?
Answer: Only when a decision is reached with obvious and blatant disregard for the
seven citizenship skills.
229 U6C1L3: What is Ground Rule #1 in the You the People educational series?
Answer: Each meeting will start and stop on time and group members will be
punctual.
230 U6C1L3: In Ground Rule #2 of You the People, who conducts a group meeting?
Answer: The group leader, which is a rotating position.
231 U6C1L3: What is the appropriate action for a group to take if a member becomes
angry or emotional?
Answer: Ask that he or she leave the group for a cooling off period of 5 to 15 minutes
and then return to the group to participate.
232 U6C1L3: How many times may an issue be discussed in meetings unless the group
agrees to extend the discussion?
Answer: Four meetings.

18
LET2
233 U6C1L3: Any change in group process must be approved by ________ percent of a
group.
Answer: 75
234 U6C1L3: Name the two types of Citizen Action Group meetings.
Answer: Small group meetings and representative group sessions
235 U6C1L3: What is the purpose of a small group meeting?
Answer: To teach effective citizenship, and to teach governmental activity as the

Founders of the U.S. envisioned it.
236 U6C1L4: The representative group session is also called _____________.
Answer: an all-class process
237 U6C1L4: When all small groups merge into a larger assembly or class to discuss an
all-class or all-school position or an issue, it is called _____________.
Answer: A representative group session
238 U6C1L4: The ____________ of You the People mirrors the current representative
process of our local, state, and federal governments.
Answer: Representative group session
239 U6C1L4: What is the process for selecting an effective small group representative?
Answer: Ask cadets to volunteer; Rate each candidate on a representative rating sheet after an
interview or debate process; Hold an election wherein the candidate with the most votes
from the group members wins the representative position.
240 U6C1L4: What is a caucus?
Answer: A closed meeting of a group of persons belonging to the same political party
usually to select candidates for office or to decide on policy.
241 U6C1L5: According to the educational game Chief Justice, what is a forum?
Answer: A place or opportunity for open discussion and participation.
242 U6C1L5: According to the educational game Chief Justice, what is a jury?
Answer: A select group of individuals chosen to listen and render a verdict in a court case.
243 U6C1L5: What is the job of the jury foreman in the educational game Chief Justice?
Answer: A person who conducts the jury deliberation and speaks for the jury.
244 U6C1L5: What is a "deliberation" in the game Chief Justice?
Answer: A period of time given to a jury to discuss and determine a ruling in a case.
245 U6C1L5: What is a verdict in a court case?
Answer: A decision rendered by a judge or jury.
246 U6C1L5: What is the highest honor at the end of the education game Chief Justice?
Answer: To have one's law firm reach the level of the Supreme Court and be the one
cadet voted Chief Justice by other cadets.

19
LET2
247 U6C1L5: An examination of facts and laws in a court of law is called a _____________.
Answer: Trial
248 U6C1L5: ____________ is a period of time given to a jury to discuss and determine a
ruling in a case.
Answer: Deliberation
249 U6C1L5: A decision rendered by a judge or jury in a court case is a ____________.
Answer: Verdict
250 U6C1L5: A ________ is a high-ranking court official who supervises and gives a decision on
an action or court case.
Answer: Judge

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ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017

2 U4C1L3: What is a calorie?

4 U4C1L3: What is a carbohydrate?

Answer: A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (including starches

5 U4C1L3: ____________ is a condition characterized by a calcium deficiency in the bone

7 U4C1L3: Name three commonly consumed stimulants.

Answer: Coffee, tea, and sodas that contain caffeine

8 U4C1L3: What is a protein?

9 U4C1L3: What is a vitamin?

10 U4C1L3: What is the purpose of fiber in a diet?

11 U4C1L3: What percentage of the human body is made up of water?

Answer: At least 65 percent

ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017– LET 2 1

15 U4C1L3: _____________ is coarse food made mostly of carbohydrates, such as bran

17 U4C1L3: There are six food groups in the ___________.

Answer: Food Guide Pyramid

18 U4C1L3: Another name for fiber in a diet is ___________.

Answer: Simple carbohydrates

20 U4C1L4: Why do starches, or complex carbohydrates, take longer to digest?

21 U4C1L4: Name two good food sources of complex carbohydrates.

22 U4C1L4: ___________ disease is the main killer of the American people.

23 U4C1L4: What are the two types of vitamins?

Answer: Fat soluble and water-soluble

Answer: Mono-unsaturated fat

Answer: A poly-unsaturated fat

Answer: Referenced Daily Intakes (RDI)

2 ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017– LET 2

Answer: Saturated fat

Answer: Complex carbohydrates

32 U4C2L1: What is the first step in administering first aid?

Answer: Evaluating the injured

33 U4C2L1: What are the "ABCDs" of evaluating an injury?

34 U4C2L1: What are some of the symptoms of head injuries?

Answer: Pupils of different sizes; slurred speech; staggering when walking;

35 U4C2L1: What is first aid?

36 U4C2L1: CPR stands for ____________.

Answer: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Answer: Head injury

39 U4C2L1: What is the Good Samaritan Law?

ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017– LET 2 3

Answer: Rescue Breathing

43 U4C2L2: Another name for rescue breathing is ______________.

Answer: Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

44 U4C2L2: What is an AED?

Answer: Automated External Defibrillator

45 U4C2L2: What is an Automated External Defibrillator used for?

Answer: The Heimlich maneuver

47 U4C2L3: Heavy or uncontrollable bleeding from blood vessels is called ___________.

48 U4C2L3: Bleeding from the smallest blood vessels is called ____________.

Answer: Capillary bleeding

49 U4C2L3: Bleeding that is characterized by a steady flow of dark blood is called

Answer: Apply direct pressure to the wound.

52 U4C2L3: What is an artery?

53 U4C2L3: What are veins?

4 ACADEMIC CHALLENGE 2017– LET 2

Answer: Use clothing or your hands or your fingers - whatever is cleaner

Answer: Preventing infection

57 U4C2L3: If a tourniquet must be used to control bleeding, where on the body is it

Answer: Mark the victim's forehead with a "T."

59 U4C2L3: How do you treat a chest wound?

60 U4C2L3: Of the following, which is an example of capillary bleeding?

Answer: Apply direct pressure.

62 U4C2L3: What are visceral organs?