Section 3:

Reading Comprehension
50 Questions 55 Minutes
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions
about it. For question 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that
passage.

Question 1-10
The general principles of dynamics are rules that demonstrate a relationship between the
motions of bodies and the forces that produce those motions. Based in large part on the work of his
predecessors, Sir Isaac Newton deduced three laws of dynamics, which he published in 1687 in his
Line famous Principia.
(5) Prior to Newton, Aristotle had established that the natural state of a body was a state of rest,
and that unless a force acted upon it to maintain motion, a moving body would come to rest. Galileo
had succeeded in correctly describing the behaviour of falling object and in recording that no force
was required to maintain a body in motion. He noted that the effect of force was to change motion.
Huygens recognized that a change in the direction of motion involved acceleration, just as did a
(10) change in speed, and further, that the action of a force was required. Kepler deduced the laws
describing the motion of planets around the sun. It was primarily from Galileo and Kepler that
Newton borrowed.
In short, Newton’s Laws of Motion are (1) a body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion
remains in motion along a straight line, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force; (2) if an
(15) unbalanced force acts upon a body, the momentum of the body changes in proportion to the force
and in the same direction as the force; (3) to every action or force, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
1. What was the main purpose of this (D) Newton
passage? 5. The word “it” in line 6 refers to
(A) To demonstrate the (A) Rest
development of Newton’s (B) Body
laws (C) State
(B) To establish Newton as the (D) Motion
authority in the field of 6. Who was the first scientist to
physics correctly describe the behaviour of
(C) To discredit Newton’s laws of falling objects?
motion (A) Aristotle
(D) To describe the motion of (B) Newton
planets around the sun (C) Kepler
2. The word “predecessors” in line 3 (D) Galileo
refers to 7. According to Huygens, when was
(A) Those who came before acceleration required?
(B) Those who provided help (A) For either a change in
(C) Those who published their direction or a change in speed
work (B) Only for a change in speed
(D) Those who agreed with the (C) Only for a change in direction
ideas (D) Neither for a change in
3. The phrase “prior to” in line 5 direction nor for a change in
could best be replaced by which of speed
the following? 8. According to this passage, Newton
(A) Before based his laws primarily upon the
(B) After work of
(C) With (A) Galileo and Copernicus
(D) simultaneously (B) Ptolemy and Copernicus
4. Which of the following scientist (C) Huygens and Kepler
established that the natural state of (D) Galileo and Kepler
a body was a state of rest? 9. The word “momentum” in line 15
(A) Galileo is closest in meaning to
(B) Kepler (A) Weight
(C) Aristotle (B) Speed
 (C) Shape (A) Newton’s first law
(D) size (B) Newton’s third law
10. Which of the following describes (C) Newton’s law of motion
inertia, or the principles of bodies (D) Newton’s law of dynamics
at rest?
Question 11-20
Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard
for the important reforms in education that he accomplished. While he was still a boy, his father an
Line older brother died, and he became responsible for supporting his family. Like most of the children in
his town, he attended school only two or three months a year. Later, with the help of several teacher,
(5) he was able to study law and become a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those
early struggles.
While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed a historic education bill that set up a
state board of education. Without regret, he gave up his successful legal practice and political career
to become the first secretary of the board. There he exercised an enormous influence during the
(10) critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the American graded elementary school
as a substitute for the older district school system. Under his leadership, the curriculum was
restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of six months, and mandatory schooling
was extended to age sixteen. Other important reforms included the establishment of state normal
schools for teacher training, institutes for in-service teacher education, and lyceums for adult
(15) education. He was also instrumental in improving salaries for teacher and creating school libraries.
Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in twelve annual reports to
the state of Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure as secretary of education. Considered quite
radical at the time, the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation. Mann was
recognized as the father of public education.
(20) During his lifetime, Horace Mann worked tirelessly to extend educational opportunities to
agrarian families and the children of poor labourers. In one of his last speeches he summed up his
philosophy of education and life: “Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.”
Surely, his own life was an example of that philosophy.
11. Which of the following titles 15. Horace Mann’s influence on
would best express the main topic American education was
of the passage? (A) Very great
(A) The father of American Public (B) Small, but important
education (C) Misunderstood
(B) Philosophy of Education (D) Not accepted
(C) The Massachusetts State 16. What did Horace Mann advocate?
Board of Education (A) The state board school system
(D) Public of Educational (B) The district school system
Institutions (C) The substitute school system
12. Which of the following describes (D) The graded school system
Horace Mann’s early life? 17. The word “mandatory” in line 12
(A) He attended school six months is closest in meaning to
a year. (A) Required
(B) He supported his family after (B) Equal
his father died. (C) Excellent
(C) He was an only child. (D) Basic
(D) He had to study alone, without 18. How were Mann’s educational
help. reforms distributed?
13. The word “struggles” in line 6 (A) In twelve annual reports to the
could best be replaced by state of Massachusetts
(A) Valuable experiences (B) In reports that he wrote for
(B) Happy situations national distribution
(C) Influential people (C) In speeches that he made
(D) Difficult times throughout the country
14. The word “regret” in line 8 could (D) In books that could be found in
best be replaced by which of the school libraries
following? 19. The reforms that Horace Mann
(A) Finances achieved
(B) Disappointment (A) Were not very radical for the
(C) Consideration time.
(D) Limitations
 (B) Were used only by the state of 20. Which of the following statements
Massachusetts best represents Mann’s philosophy?
(C) Were later adopted by the (A) Think in new ways.
nation as a model (B) Help others.
(D) Were enforced by the (C) Study as much as possible.
Massachusetts bar (D) Work hard.
Question 21-30
The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of
history combined. World population totalled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from
Line 1650-1850. Today the population is more than five billion. Estimates based on research by the United
Nations indicate that it will more than double in the twenty-five years between 1975 and the year
(5) 2000, reaching seven billion by the turn of the century.
No one knows the limits of population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus, an English
economist, developed a theory that became widely accepted in the nineteenth century. He suggested
that because world population tended to increase more rapidly than the food supply, a continual strain
was exerted upon available resources. Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics, and other disasters as
(10) the usual limitations of population growth.
With recent advances in science and technology, including improved agricultural methods and
great strides in medicine, some of the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened, with
obvious results. International organizations have put forward several recommendations to alleviate
the problem of overpopulation, including an increase in food production, general economic
(15) development in target areas, and a decrease in birth rates. Most experts agree that it will be necessary
to combine all three recommendations in an effort to effect a lasting solution.
21. The title below that best expresses (A) The people who already
the ideas in this passage is occupy the earth
(A) Thomas Malthus’ Theory (B) War, famine, and epidemic
(B) The United Nations’ Estimate (C) Natural supplies of energy,
(C) Limiting Factors in Population food, and other raw materials
Growth (D) Agricultural and medical
(D) A Brief History of Population advances
and Over-population 27. According to the passage, why has
22. By 1850, approximately what was overpopulation been caused
the world population? (A) Improved technology
(A) 500 million (B) Disasters
(B) One billion (C) Scarcity
(C) Five billion (D) Precaution
(D) Seven billion 28. The word “obvious” in line 13
23. World population doubled in the could best be replaced by
years between (A) Clear
(A) 500-1650 (B) Negative
(B) 1650-1850 (C) Several
(C) 1650-today (D) Significant
(D) 1850-2000 29. The word “lasting” in line 16 is
24. According to this passage, by the closest in meaning to
year 2000 the earth’s population (A) Complete
should exceed (B) Important
The present figure by how much? (C) Permanent
(A) 500 million (D) Expected
(B) 1650-1850 30. What do most experts recommend
(C) 1650-today in order to solve problems of over-
(D) 1850-2000 population?
25. Who was Thomas Malthus? (A) Famine and epidemic
(A) A scientist (B) Medical advances and
(B) A doctor of medicine improved agricultural
(C) An economist methods
(D) A United Nations (C) Economic development and a
representative decline in the birth rate
26. The word “resources” in line 9 (D) Conversation of available
refers to resources

Question 31-40
 Organic architecture – that is, natural architecture – may be varied in concept and form, but it
is always faithful to natural principles. Organic architecture rejects rules imposed by individual
Line
preference or mere aesthetics in order to remain true to the nature of the site, the materials, the
purpose of the structure, and the people who will ultimately use it. If these natural principles are
(5) upheld, then a bank cannot be built to look like a Greek temple. Form does not follow function; form
is inseparable form function. In other words, a building should be inspired by nature’s forms and
constructed with materials that retain and respect the natural characteristics of the setting to create
harmony with its natural environment. It should maximize people’s contact with and utilization of
the outdoors.
(10) Natural principles then, are principles of design, not style, expressed by construction that
reflects unity, balance, proportion, rhythm, and scale. Like a sculptor, the organic architect views the
site and materials as an innate form that shapes and develops organically from with-in. Truth in
architecture results in a natural, spontaneous structure in total harmony with the setting. For the most
part, these structures find their geometric themes in the contours of the land and their colours in the
(15) surrounding palette of nature.
From the outside, an organic structure is so much a part of nature that it often obscured by it.
In other words, it may not be possible for the eye to easily separate the man-made structure from the
natural terrain. From the inside, rooms open into each other. Natural light, air, and view permeate
the whole structure, providing a sense of communication with the outdoors.

31. What is another name for (C) Bank that is built to

organic architecture? conform to the natural
(A) Natural architecture surroundings
(B) Aesthetic architecture (D) Bank that is built to be
(C) Principle architecture beautiful rather than
(D) Varied architecture functional
32. The word “ultimately” in line 37. Why does the author compare
4 could be best be replaced by an organic architect to a
(A) Fortunately sculptor?
(B) Eventually (A) To emphasize aesthetics
(C) Supposedly (B) To give an example of
(D) Obviously natural principles
33. The word “it” in line 1 refers (C) To make a point about the
to development of geometry
(A) Architecture (D) To demonstrate the
(B) Site importance of style
(C) Purpose 38. Where in the passage does the
(D) Structure author mention the sores of
34. The word “upheld” in line 5 is geometric themes?
closest in meaning to (A) Lines 14-15
(A) Invalidated (B) Lines 16-17
(B) Disputed (C) Lines 17-18
(C) Promoted (D) Lines 19-20
(D) Perceived 39. The word “obscured” in line
35. In organic architecture, which 16 is closest meaning to
of the following is true? (A) Difficult to see
(A) Forms follows function. (B) In high demand
(B) Function follows form. (C) Not very attractive
(C) Function is not important (D) Mutually beneficial
to form. 40. Which of the following
(D) Form and function are one. statements best describes the
36. A good example of natural architect’s view of nature
principles is a (A) Nature should be
(A) Bank that is built to look conquered
like a Greek temple (B) Nature should not be
(B) Bank built so that the considered
location is unimportant to (C) Nature should be
the structure respected
(D) Nature should be
improved.
Questions 41-50
 The earliest authentic works on European alchemy are those of the English monk Roger Bacon
and the German philosopher St. Albertus Magnus. In their treatises they maintained that gold was
Line the perfect metal and that inferior metals such as lead and mercury were removed by various degrees
of imperfection from gold. The further asserted that these base metals could be transmuted to gold
(5) by blending them with a substance even more perfect that gold. This elusive substance was referred
to as the “philosopher’s stone.”
Most of the early alchemists were artisans who were accustomed to keeping trade secrets and
often resorted to cryptic terminology to record the progress of their work. The term sun was used for
gold, moon for silver, and the five known planets for the base metals. This convention of substituting
(10) symbolic language attracted a group of mystical philosopher who compared the search for the perfect
metal with the struggle of mankind for the perfection of the soul. The philosophers began to use the
artisan’s terms in the mystical literature that they produced. Thus, by the fourteenth century, alchemy
had developed two distinct groups of practitioners – the laboratory alchemist and the literary
alchemist. Both groups of alchemist continued to work throughout the history of alchemy, but, of
(15) course, it was the literary alchemist who was most likely to produce a written record; therefore, much
of what is known about the science of alchemy is derived from philosophers rather than from the
alchemists who laboured in laboratories.
41. What is the author’s main point? (B) An element that was never
(A) There were both laboratory found
and literary alchemists. (C) Another name for alchemy
(B) The philosopher’s stone was (D) A base metal
essential to alchemy 47. It is probable that Roger bacon’s
(C) Roger Bacon and St. Albertus work
Magnus wrote about alchemy (A) Was not genuine
(D) Base metals can be transmuted (B) Disproved that St. Albertus
to gold by blending them with Magnus
a substance more perfect than (C) Was written after St. Albertus
gold. Magnus
42. The word “authentic” in line 1 (D) Contained references to the
could best be replaced by conversion of base metals to
(A) Valuable gold
(B) Genuine 48. Who were the first Alchemists?
(C) Complete (A) Chemists
(D) Comprehensible (B) Writers
43. The word “those” in line 1 refers to (C) Artisans
(A) Metals (D) Linguists
(B) Treatises 49. The word “cryptic” in line 8 could
(C) Alchemy be replaced by which of the
(D) Works following?
44. Roger Bacon and St. Albertus (A) Scholarly
Magnus had the same (B) Secret
(A) Nationality (C) Foreign
(B) Premise (D) Precise
(C) Profession 50. How do we know about the history
(D) Education of alchemy?
45. According to the alchemists, what (A) The laboratory alchemists kept
was the difference between base secret notes.
metals and gold? (B) The literary alchemists
(A) Perfection recorded it in writing.
(B) Chemical content (C) The mystical philosophers
(C) Temperature were not able to hide the
(D) Weight secrets of alchemy.
46. What was the “philosopher’s (D) The historians were able to
stone”? interpret the secret writing of
(A) Lead that was mixed with gold the alchemists.

SECTION 3:
READING COMPREHENSION
50 Questions 55 Minutes:
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions
about it. For question 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that
passage.

Question 1-10
Precipitation, commonly referred to as rainfall, is a measure of the quantity of water in the
form of either rain, hail, or snow which reaches the ground. The average annual precipitation over
Line the whole of the United States is thirty-six inches. It should be understood however, that a foot of
snow is not equal to a foot of precipitation. A general formula for computing the precipitation of
(5) snowfall is that ten inches of snow is equal to one inch of precipitation. In New York State, for
example, twenty inches of snow in one year would be recorded as only two inches of precipitation.
Forty inches of rain would be recorded as forty inches of precipitation. The total annual precipitation
would be recorded as forty-two inches.
The amount of precipitation is a combined result of several factors, including location, altitude,
(10) proximity to the sea, and the direction of prevailing winds. Most of the precipitation in the United
States is brought originally by prevailing winds from the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the
Atlantic Ocean, and the Great Lakes. Because these prevailing winds generally come from the West,
(15) the Pacific Coast receives more annual precipitation than the Atlantic Coast. Along the Pacific Coast
itself, however, altitude causes some diversity in rainfall. The mountain ranges of the United States,
especially the Rocky Mountain Range and the Appalachian Mountain Range, influence the amount
of precipitation in their areas. East of the Rocky Mountain the annual precipitation decrease
substantially from that west of the Rocky Mountains. The precipitation north of the Appalachian
Mountains is about 40 percent less than that south of the Appalachian Mountains.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss? 6. The phrase “proximity to” in line 10 is
(A) Precipitation closest in meaning to
(B) Snowfall (A) Communication with
(C) New York State (B) Dependence on
(D) A general formula (C) Nearness to
2. Which of the following is another word (D) Similarity to
that is often used in place of precipitation? 7. Where is the annual precipitation highest
(A) Humidity (A) The Atlantic Coast
(B) Wetness (B) The Great Lakes
(C) Rainfall (C) The Gulf of Mexico
(D) Rain-snow (D) The Pacific Coast
3. The term precipitation includes 8. Which of the following was NOT
(A) Only rainfall mentioned as a factor in determining the
(B) Rain, hail, and snow amount of
(C) Rain, snow, and humidity Precipitation that an area will receive?
(D) Rain, hail, and humidity (A) Mountains
4. What is the average annual rainfall in (B) Latitude
inches in the United States? (C) The Sea
(A) Thirty-six inches (D) Wind
(B) Thirty-eight inches 9. The word “substantially” in line 17 could
(C) Forty inches best be replaced by
(D) Forty-two inches (A) Fundamentally
5. If a state has 40 inches of snow in a year, (B) Slightly
by how much does this increase the annual (C) Completely
precipitation? (D) Apparently
(A) By two feet 10. The word “that” in line 19 refers to
(B) By four inches (A) Decrease
(C) By four feet (B) Precipitation
(D) By 40 inches (C) Areas
(D) Mountain ranges

Question 11-20
Course numbers are an indication of which courses are open to various categories of students
at the University. Undergraduate courses with the numbers 100 or 200 are generally introductory
Line courses appropriate for freshmen or sophomores, whereas courses with the numbers 300 or 400 often
(10)
(5)
 have prerequisites and are open to juniors and seniors only. Courses with the numbers 800 or above
are open only to graduate students. Certain graduate courses, generally those devoted to introductory
material, are numbered 400 for undergraduate students who qualify to take them and 600 for graduate
students. Courses designed for students seeking a professional degree carry a 500 number for
undergraduate students and a 700 number for graduate students. Courses numbered 99 or below are
special interest course that do not carry academic credit. If students elect to take a special interest
course, it will not count toward the number of hours needed to complete graduation requirements.
A full-time undergraduate student is expected to take courses that total twelve to eighteen
credit hours. A full-time graduate student is expected to take courses that total ten to sixteen credit
hours. Students holding assistantships are expected to enrol for proportionately fewer hours. A part-
time graduate student may register for a minimum of three credit hours. An overload, that is, more
(15) than the maximum number of hours, may be taken with the approval of an academic advisor. To
register for an overload, students must submit the appropriate approval form when registering.
Overloads above 24 hours will not be approved under any circumstances.

11. Where would this passage most likely be course, what number would a graduate
found? student probably use to register the same
(A) In a syllabus course?
(B) In a college catalogue (A) Accounting 520
(C) In an undergraduate course (B) Accounting 620
(D) In a graduate course (C) Accounting 720
12. What is the purpose of the passage? (D) Accounting 820
(A) To inform 17. How is a student who registers for eight
(B) To persuade credit hours classified?
(C) To criticize (A) Full-time student
(D) To apologize (B) Graduate student
13. The word “prerequisites” in line 4 closest (C) Part-time student
in meaning to (D) Non-degree student
(A) Courses required before enrolling 18. Which of the following courses would not
(B) Courses needed for graduation be included in the list of courses for
(C) Courses that include additional charge graduation?
(D) Courses that do not carry academic (A) English 90
credit (B) English 100
14. The word “those” in line 5 refers to (C) English 300
(A) Graduate students (D) English 400
(B) Graduate courses 19. A graduate student may NOT
(C) Introductory courses (A) Enrol in a course numbered 610
(D) Courses numbers (B) Register for only one one-hour course
15. Which classification of students would be (C) Register for courses if he has an
eligible to enrol in Mechanical assistantship
Engineering 850? (D) Enrol in an introductory course
(A) A graduate student 20. The phrase “under any circumstances” in
(B) A part-time student line 17 is closest in meaning to
(C) A full-time student (A) Without cause
(D) An undergraduate student (B) Without permission
16. If an undergraduate student uses the (C) Without exception
number 520 to register for an accounting (D) Without a good reason

Question 21-30
During the nineteenth century, women in the United States organized and participated in a
large number of reform movements, including movements to reorganize the prison system, improve
Line education, ban the sale of alcohol, and, most importantly, to free the slaves. Some women saw
similarities in the social status of women and slaves. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy
(5) Stone were feminists and abolitionists who supported the rights of both women and blacks. A number
of male abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Philips, also supported the
rights of women to speak and participate equally with men in antislavery activities. Probably more
than any other movement, abolitionism offered women a previously denied entry into politics. They
became involved primarily in order to better their living conditions and the conditions of others.
(10) When the Civil War ended in 1865, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the
Constitution adopted in 1868 and 1870 granted citizenship in suffrage to blacks but not to women.
(15) Discouraged but resolved, feminists influenced more and more women to demand the right to vote.
 In 1869 the Wyoming Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but eastern states resisted more
stubbornly than before. A women’s suffrage bill had been presented to every Congress since 1878
but it continually failed to pass until 1920, when the Nineteenth Amendment granted women the
right to vote.

21. With what topic is the passage primarily 26. What had occurred shortly after the Civil
concerned? War?
(A) The Wyoming Territory (A) The Wyoming Territory was admitted
(B) The Fourteenth and Fifteenth to the Union.
Amendments (B) A women’s suffrage bill was
(C) Abolitionists introduced in Congress.
(D) Women’s suffrage (C) The eastern states resisted the end of
22. The word “ban” in line 3 most nearly the war.
means to (D) Black people were granted the right to
(A) Encourage vote.
(B) Publish 27. The word “suffrage” in line 11 could best
(C) Prohibit be replaced by which of the following?
(D) Limit (A) Pain
23. The word “supported” in line 5 could best (B) Citizenship
be replaced by (C) Freedom from bondage
(A) Disregarded (D) The right to vote
(B) Acknowledged 28. What does the Nineteenth Amendment
(C) Contested guarantee?
(D) Promoted (A) Voting rights for blacks
24. According to the passage, why did women (B) Citizenship for blacks
became active in politics? (C) Voting rights for women
(A) To improve the conditions of life that (D) Citizenship for women
existed at the time 29. The word “it” in line 15 refers to
(B) To support Elizabeth Cady Stanton for (A) Bill
president (B) Congress
(C) To be elected to public office (C) Nineteenth amendment
(D) To amend the Declaration of (D) Vote
Independence 30. When were women allowed to vote
25. The word “primarily” in line 9 is closest in throughout the United States?
meaning to (A) After 1866
(A) Above all (B) After1870
(B) Somewhat (C) After1878
(C) Finally (D) After1920
(D) Always

Question 31-40
The Acacia is a genus of trees and shrubs of the Mimosa family. Although nearly five hundred
species of Acacia have been identified, only about a dozen of the three hundred Australian varieties
Line grow well in the southern United States, and of these, only three are flowering. The Bailey Acacia
has fernlike silver leaves and small, fragrant flowers arranged in rounded clusters. The Silver Wattle,
(5) although very similar to the Bailey Acacia, grows twice as high. The Sydney Golden Wattle is squat
and bushy with broad, flat leaves and sharp spanned twigs. Named for its bright, yellow flowers, the
Golden Wattle is the most showy and fragrant of the Acacias. Another variety, the Black Acacia or
Blackwood, has dark green leaves and unobtrusive blossoms. Besides being popular tree for
ornamental purpose, the Black Acacia is valuable for its dark wood, which is used in making cabinets
(10) and furniture, including highly prized pianos.
The Acacia’s unusual custom of blossoming in February has been commonly attributed to its
Australian origins. In the Southern Hemisphere, of course, the seasons are reversed, and February,
which is wintertime in the United States, is summertime in Australia. Actually, however, the pale,
yellow blossoms appear in August in Australia. Whether growing in the Northern or Southern
(15) Hemisphere, the Acacia will bloom in winter.

31. With which of the following topics is the (B) Characteristics and varieties of the
passage primarily concerned? Acacia
(A) The Black Acacia (C) Australian varieties of the Acacia
 (D) The use of Acacia wood in ornamental (A) Strange
furniture (B) Elaborate
32. How many species of Acacia grow well in (C) Huge
the Southern United States? (D) Fragile
(A) Five hundred 37. Which of the following Acacias has the
(B) Three hundred least colourful blossoms?
(C) Twelve (A) Bailey Acacia
(D) Three (B) Sydney Golden Wattle
33. The word “these” in line 3 refers to (C) Silver Wattle
(A) United states (D) Black Acacia
(B) Varieties 38. Which of the following would most
(C) Species probably be made from a Black Acacia tree?
(D) Trees and shrubs (A) A flower arrangement
34. According to this passage, the Silver (B) A table
Wattle (C) A pie
(A) Is squat and bushy (D) Paper
(B) Has unobtrusive blossoms 39. The phrase “highly prized” in lines 10 is
(C) Is taller than the Bailey Acacia closest meaning to
(D) Is used for making furniture (A) Valuable
35. In line 6, the word “flat” most nearly (B) Unique
means (C) Stylish
(A) Smooth (D) Attractive
(B) Pretty 40. When do Acacia trees bloom in Australia
(C) Pointed (A) February
(D) Short (B) Summer
36. The word “showy” in line 7 could best be (C) August
replaced by (D) Spring

Questions 41-50
In 1626, Peter Minuit, governor of the Dutch settlements in North America known as New
Line Amsterdam, negotiated with Canarsee Indian chief for the purchase of Manhattan Island for
merchandise valued at sixty guilders or about $24.12. He purchased the island for the Dutch West
India Company.
(5) The next year, Forth Amsterdam was built by the company at the extreme southern tip of the
(10) island. Because attempts to encourage Dutch immigration were not immediately successful offers,
generous by the standards of the era, were extended throughout Europe. Consequently, the settlement
became the most heterogeneous of the North American colonies. By 1637, the fort has expanded into
the village of New Amsterdam, and other small communities had grown up around it, including New
Haarlem and Stuyvesant’s Bowery, and New Amsterdam began to prosper, developing
characteristics of religious and linguistic tolerance unusual for the times. By 1643, it was reported
that eighteen different languages were heard in New Amsterdam alone.
Among the multilingual settlers was a large group of English colonists from Connecticut and
Massachusetts who supported the English King’s claim to all of New Netherlands set out in a charter
(15) that gave territory to his brother James, the Duke of York. In 1664, when the English sent a
formidable fleet of warship into the New Amsterdam harbour, Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant
surrendered without resistance.
When the English acquired the island, the village of New Amsterdam was renamed New York
in honour of the Duke. By the onset of the Revolution, New York City was already a bustling
(20) commercial centre. After the war, it was selected as the first capital of the United States. Although
the government was eventually moved, first to Philadelphia and then to Washington. D.C., New York
City has remained the unofficial commercial capital.
During the 1690s, New York became a heaven for pirates who conspired with leading
merchants to exchange supplies for their ships in return for a share in the plunder. As a colony, New
(25) York exchanged many agricultural products for English manufactured good. In addition, trade with
the West Indies prospered. Three centuries after his initial trade with the Indians, Minuit’s tiny
investment was worth more than seven billion dollars.
41. Which of the following would be the best (D) The First Capital of the United States
title for this passage? 42. What did the Indians receive in exchange
(A) A History of New York City for their island?
(B) An Account of the Duthch Colonies (A) Sixty Dutch guilders
(C) A Biography of Peter Minuit (B) $24.12 U.S
 (C) Goods and supplies
(D) Land in New Amsterdam
43. Where was New Amsterdam located?
(A) In Holland
(B) In North America
(C) On the island of Manhattan
(D) In India
44. The word “heterogeneous” in line 8 could
best be replaced by
(A) Liberal
(B) Renowned
(C) Diverse
(D) Prosperous
45. Why were so many language spoken in
New Amsterdam?
(A) The Dutch West India Company was
owned by England.
(B) The Dutch West India Company
allowed freedom of speech.
(C) The Dutch West India Company
recruited settlers from many countries
in Europe.
(D) The Indians who lived there before the
Dutch West India Company purchase
spoke many languages.
46. The word “formidable” in line 16 is closest
in meaning to
(A) Powerful
(B) Modern
(C) Expensive
(D) Unexpected
47. The name of New Amsterdam was
changed
(A) To avoid a war with England
(B) To honour the Duke of York
(C) To attract more English colonists from
Connecticut and Massachusetts
(D) To encourage trade during the 1690s
48. The word “it” in line 20 refers to
(A) Revolution
(B) New York City
(C) The island
(D) The first capital
49. Which city was the first capital of the New
United States?
(A) New Amsterdam
(B) New York
(C) Philadelphia
(D) Wahsington
50. On what date was Manhattan valued at $7
billion?
(A) 1626
(B) 1726
(C) 1656
(D) 1926