What is PROJECT?

➢ Is a unique, transient endeavor, undertaken to achieve planned objectives, which could be

define in terms of outputs, outcomes or benefits
➢ In construction, it is simply the ‘SITE & Building itself’
What is LAYOUT?
➢ The process of setting out material on a page or in a work
➢ Is an arrangement, plan or design.

SITE LAYOUT PLANNING

➢ is a challenging process in the planning stage of every construction project.

• In the planning phase of every construction project, layout of temporary facilities is a crucial
task; site layout can affect safety, travel cost and time, construction productivity, and space
utilization. However, site layout planning can be a complicated problem, due to the
interdependency of influencing factors.

Site layout plans are prepared by contractors as part of their mobilization activities before work on site
commences.

➢ They are a crucial part of construction management, as sites can be very complex places
involving the co-ordination and movement of large quantities of materials as well as high-value
products, plant and people.

➢ Effectively and accurately laying out a site can help ensure that the works are undertaken
efficiently and safely.

SITE LAYOUT PLANNING PROCESS

(4) Four basic process:
• Identifying the site facilities that will be required
• Determining the sizes, and other constraints of those facilities
• Establishing the inter-relationships between the facilities
• Optimizing the layout of the facilities on the site

SITE LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS

1. General Considerations- before any specific considerations and decisions can be made regarding site
layout a general appreciation should be obtained:
• by conducting a thorough site investigation at the pre-tender stage
• examining in detail the drawings, specification and Bill of Quantities to formulate proposals of
how the contract will be carried out if the tender is successful.
• This will involve a preliminary assessment of plant, materials and manpower requirements
plotted against the proposed time scale in the form of a bar chart.
2. Access Considerations
3. Storage Considerations
4. Accommodation Considerations
5. Temporary Services Considerations
6. Plant Considerations
7. Fencing and Hoarding Considerations
8. Safety and Health Considerations
 • The major aim of site layout planning involves Identifying, Sizing, and Placing temporary
facilities (TFs) within the boundaries of construction site.

Temporary facilities vary in different projects and may include:

• construction equipment
• Warehouses
• maintenance shops
• batch plants
• residence facilities
• fabrication yards
• lay-down areas
• Offices
• tool trailers, and parking lots

• Furthermore, many factors such as construction schedule, mobilization and demobilization of

materials, equipment and workers, as well as construction methods influence site layouts.
Figure 1: Decision factors in site layout planning and the impacts of a suitable layout

Objectives:
• Site must be designed to maximize efficiency of operations in
order to promote worker productivity, to shorten project time
and to reduce cost
• It must create a project with a good work environment in
order to attract and retain the best personnel and thus contribute to better work quality and
productivity
• A well-planned site including all facilities and utilities lead to:
✓ increasing productivity and safety
✓ reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction
✓ maximizing utilization

Problems:
In the absence of a precise site layout plan, the following problems may occur:
• Material stacks wrongly located. Materials arriving on site are off-loaded into what someone
guesses to be the correct location. This problem may involve double or triple handling of
materials to another location.
• Plant and equipment wrongly located.
 • Inadequate space allowed. Where inadequate space is allowed for the stacking of materials or
activities
• Site huts wrongly located in relation to their effective use.

Site Layout Planning Elements

A well planned site including all temporary facilities and utilities lead to:
1.) increasing productivity and safety,
2.) reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction, and
3.) maximizing utilization

1. Safety
▪ Fire prevention: Fire is a major cause of damage on construction sites
▪ Medical services: On construction project a first aid kit is a must.
▪ Construction safety clothing
2. Site Accessibility
▪ Easy accessibility will keep the morale of the equipment and vehicle drivers high,
minimize the chance of accidents, and save time in maneuvering to arrive at and leave
the project.
▪ In case of large projects, proper planning is required to layout the roads leading from
the nearest highway.
▪ Internal roads are necessary for easy flow of work.
▪ Also, Parking Lots are provided for the owner, office, and craft personnel, but this
facility must be planned where space does exist.
3. Information Signs
▪ Site map: It should locate details of the project, and displayed in the office of the site
superintendent or project manager and posted at the entrance gate.
▪ Traffic regulatory signs
▪ Display of labor relations’ policy and safety rules: This will help in eliminating disputes
between labor and management.
▪ Emergency routes and underground services
4. Security
▪ Entrance: It is necessary to have a proper guard entrance to the site provided by a
booth. Also, it is necessary to keep track of all visitors to the project.
▪ Lighting: It is necessary to have a standby generator to maintain site lighting.
▪ Fencing: The boundary should be fenced off from a security point of view.
5. Accommodation
▪ On large construction projects, it is necessary to provide camp accommodation for all
type of staff involved in the project.
6. Offices
▪ The offices should be close together, close to the site, and in a safe area. Also, provide
the offices with proper office equipment. The offices at the site may include job office,
general contractor office, and sub-contractors and consultants Offices.
7. Water Supply and Sanitation
▪ It is necessary to have water and toilet facilities in convenient locations to
accommodate the work force.
8. Material Handling
 ▪ One third or more of all construction operations can be classified as material handling.
The use of proper equipment for material handling and advance planning for minimizing
multiple handling will result in direct cost and time savings.
9. Storage and site cleaning
▪ It is necessary to plan and reserve storage areas for materials so that multiple
movement of material is avoided.
▪ Laydown areas, Warehouses, Material staging areas & Site cleaning.
10. Craft Change-Houses
▪ Craft change-houses provide sheltered space for craft personnel to change and store
clothes, wash, and rest during waiting periods.
11. Batch plant and Fabrication Shops
▪ Batch plants are provided on projects where it is more economical to produce concrete
on site than to buy a ready mix.
▪ Aggregate storage piles, cement silos and admixture tanks will accompany an on-site
batch plant
▪ Shops are used where materials and equipment are fabricated on site. This includes
electrical, mechanical, carpentry, and paint shops
▪ Also, testing shops used to house the necessary testing equipment and personnel for
the project.

Temporary Facilities Selection

• One of the characteristics of temporary facilities is the availability of diverse solutions for the
same function. This section describes some of the considerations when selecting the required
temporary facilities for a specific project.
• Construction type
• Type of contract
• Project size
• Project location
• Also, the selection of some of the temporary facilities depends on the manpower permanent
resident from the site. The work force break down into three categories as shown in Figure 1:

L1: local labor force (5 km from site). No lodging or

transportation needs.
L2: nearby labor force (5 - 60 km from site). No lodging needs, but
daily transportation needed.
L3: far away (more than 60 km from site). Lodging facilities
needed.

Figure 1: Work-force break-down

Temporary Facilities Sizing

 • After selecting the temporary facilities that are needed on the site, the size required for them
must be estimated. The size of temporary facilities is mainly based on the manpower
requirements, estimated quantity of work, production rate of resources, availability of site
space, and cost considerations.

The size of sanitary facilities depended on the manpower requirements and it can be entirely temporary
or permanent
• If portable toilets are used, a minimum of one toilet per twenty persons must be provided.
• Space required for some facilities as fabrication shops dependent on the amount of on-site
fabrication work as well as rate of fabrication dictated by construction schedule.
• Also, the size of the equipment maintenance shop depends on the amount of construction
equipment on the site.
Examples of Site Layout Planning
Example #1
Figure 2: illustrates the layout of building materials and access roads for the purposes of
servicing two hoists for the erection of a low-rise building.
Example #2

BUILDING PROJECT (In the Field)

• Work Breakdown Structure
• Excavation
➢ Is the process of moving earth, rock or other
materials with tools, equipment or explosives.
➢ During new construction, site excavation is one of
the earliest stages. The site is excavated to create a
level, clean area to work, with the foundations
being established in the excavated area.

• Foundation
➢ The lowest part of a building or other construction, partly or
wholly below the surface of the ground. It is designed to support
and secure the superstructure and transmit its weights directly
to the earth.
• Structural
➢ FORMWORKS
➢ -In construction is the use of support structures and moulds to create structures out of
concrete which is poured into the moulds. Formwork can be made using moulds out of steel,
wood, aluminum and or pre-fabcricated forms.
➢ REINFORCEMENT
-Rebar (reinforcing bar) is an important component of reinforced concrete. Rebar is
used because although concrete is very strong in compression it is virtually without strength in
tension. To compensate for this, rebar is cast into it to carry the tensile loads on a structure.
➢ Concrete
-Concrete is characterized by the type of aggregate or cement used, by the specific
qualities it manifests, or by the methods used to produce it.

• Mechanical
➢ Mechanical engineers are responsible for designing, building, installing and maintaining all kinds
of mechanical machinery, tool and components.
➢ H.V.A.C. SYSTEM
• Refrigeration machines with accessories
• Cooling towers, pumps or air-cooled a.c.plant.
• Air handling units, fan coil units.
• Ventilation/ exhaust fans.
• Chilled water, condenser water and drain piping, insulation.
• Ducting, grilles, diffusers, dampers, insulation.
• ELECTRICAL
➢ Electrical engineers design, develop and maintain electrical
control systems and components to required specifications.
➢ ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
• Generator plant.
• L. T. panels, distribution boards.
• Cables, conduits, wiring. Earthing, lightning protection.
• Luminaries, lamps, fans (excluding decorative lighting).
Wiring for low voltage systems (Telephone, music, P.A., T.V.,
security, data cabling).

• PLUMBING & SANITARY

➢ Traditionally the Plumbing Engineer performs the calculations, sizes the equipment, and
prepares the plumbing design.
➢ Sanitary engineers are involved in the branch of engineering concerned with the design,
construction, and maintenance of environmental facilities conducive to public health, such
as water supply and waste disposal.
➢ PLUMBING & SANITARY SYSTEM
• Water storage tanks
• Pumps and control panels
• Water supply piping
• Soil, waste, rainwater piping including external
drainage
• Sanitary fixtures and fittings.
• Hydro pneumatic system and controls
• Sewage treatment plant and controls
• Swimming pool and water bodies - piping and treatment plants

• FIRE PROTECTION
➢ Fire-Prevention & Protection Engineer determine fire protection methods, and design or
recommend materials or equipment such as structural components or fire-detection
equipment to assist organizations in safeguarding life and property against fire, explosion,
and related hazards.
➢ FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
• Fire detection and alarm including panels, cables, conduits, wiring, and controls
• Fire fighting system comprising pumps, hydrants, hose reels, sprinklers, piping, controls
• ARCHITECTURAL
➢ Architects work in the construction industry designing new buildings, restoring and
conserving old buildings and developing new ways of using existing buildings. They are
involved in construction projects from the earliest stages right through to completion.
➢ Their work includes:
• Preparing and presenting design proposals to clients
• Advising clients
• Producing detailed drawings
• Negotiating with contractors and other professionals
• Attending regular meetings with clients, contractors and other specialists
• Coordinating the work of contractors • Dealing with problems that might come up during
building
➢ Making site visits to check on progress
a. Floor Finishes
b. Wall Finishes (Interior/Exterior)
c. Ceiling Finishes
 Reported By:
Alagad, Zarah Jane V.
Acuyado, Fea D.
Bringas, Kaela Marie B.

Section/Subject:
CEIT-01-804P/ Construction Management
Professor:
Archt. Efren M. Berme Jr.