CSWIP 3.

1: Question with Answer

and Explanation – Part 12
1) Cast and Helix are terms that refer to:

a. Ingredients in the flux covering

b. Bead deposition techniques for distortion control

c. ( answer ) Quality of the welding wires

d. Sources from which wires are drawn

2) A MMA electrode which is classified as an E7024 (according to AWS) is a:

a. Basic type
b. Cellulosic type

c. Rutile type

d. ( answer ) Thick coated iron powder

We use “Exclusion principle”

3) An electrode is classified to BS EN ISO 2560 as E 35 3 B. What does 35 signify?

a. ( answer ) 350 N/mm2 yield strength

b. 35 Joules -30oC

c. 35 N/mm2 tensile strength

d. 35ksi tensile strength

Pls take note:

 With BS EN ISO 2560: it is classified follow yield strength

 With AWS A5.1 & A5.5: it is classified follow TENSILE STRENGTH

4) A large diameter pipe with a wall thickness of 10mm is to be used for a cross-country
pipeline. Which electrode type could be used to combine high welding speed and deep
penetration?

a. Basic covered

b. ( answer ) Cellulosic covered

c. Rutile covered

d. Iron powder loaded

Cellulosic Electrode compositions are only available for welding low carbon non-alloyed steels
although nickel additions may be made to improve notch toughness. Charpy-V values of around
27J at -20°C are possible in the unalloyed electrodes. The high hydrogen level means that any
steel welded with these electrodes should be selected to have a very high resistance to hydrogen
induced, cold cracking. They should not be used without giving due consideration to the steel
composition, restraint and the need for preheat. The characteristics of deep penetration, high
deposition rates and the ability to be used vertically down means that the main use for these
electrodes is for cross country pipelining although they are used to a more limited extent for
welding storage tanks.

Cellulosic electrodes contain a high proportion of cellulose in the coating and are characterised
by a deeply penetrating arc and a rapid burn-off rate giving high welding speeds. Weld deposit
can be coarse and with fluid slag, deslagging can be difficult. These electrodes are easy to use in
any position and are noted for their use in the ‘stovepipe’ welding technique.

5) Which of the following electrode types would produce the highest levels of hydrogen?

a. Basic electrode when baked correctly

b. ( answer ) Cellulosic in a sealed tin

c. Rutile

d. Heavy rutile

 Cellulosic electrodes: hydrogen content is 80-90 ml/100 g of weld metal.

 Rutile electrodes: hydrogen content is 25-30 ml/100 g of weld metal.
 Basic covering: have the lowest level of hydrogen (less than 5 ml/100 g of weld metal).

6) Which of the following electrode types would produces the lowest levels of hydrogen?

a. Cellulose coated electrodes sealed in a tin immediately after manyfature

b. (answer ) Basic coated electrodes when baked correctly immediately prior to use

c. Rutile coated electrodes when dried at 150oC prior to use

d. Heavy rutile coated electrodes when dried at 150oC for 2 hours prior to use

 Cellulosic electrodes: hydrogen content is 80-90 ml/100 g of weld metal.

 Rutile electrodes: hydrogen content is 25-30 ml/100 g of weld metal.
 Basic covering: have the lowest level of hydrogen (less than 5 ml/100 g of weld metal).

7) Basic electrodes are often sold vacuum packed. The reason is:

They have been packed at the manufactures at a hydrogen level less than 5ml per
a. (answer )
100g of weld metal deposited
b. They are mass produced which makes these electrodes cheap

c. They require less baking time after removal from the packet

d. They are formulated that once open they will pick up no more moisture

8) A general terms which of the following would required the highest preheat if all other
factors were the same as per ISO BS EN 1011?

a. ( answer ) MMA weld with cellulosic electrodes

b. MMA weld with rutile electrodes

c. MMA weld with basic electrodes

d. MAG weld with solid wire

 Cellulosic electrodes: hydrogen content is 80-90 ml/100 g of weld metal.

 Rutile electrodes: hydrogen content is 25-30 ml/100 g of weld metal.
 Basic covering: have the lowest level of hydrogen (less than 5 ml/100 g of weld metal).
Cellulosic electrodes have highest Hydrogen content and easy lead to Cold crack. So, it to be
required the highest preheat to avoid this cracking type.

Preheat: Preheat, which slows the cooling rate, allows some hydrogen to diffuse away, and
generally reduces the hardness, and therefore susceptibility to cracking, of hard, crack-sensitive
microstructural regions. The recommended levels of preheat for carbon and carbon manganese
steel are detailed in EN 1011-2: 2001 (which incorporates nomograms derived from those in BS
5135: 1984). The preheat level may be as high as 200°C for example, when welding thick
section steels with a high carbon equivalent (IIW CE) value.

Alloyed weld metal where preheat levels to avoid HAZ cracking may be insufficient to protect
the weld metal. Low hydrogen processes and consumables should be used. Schemes for
predicting the preheat requirements to avoid weld metal cracking generally require the weld
metal diffusible hydrogen level and the weld metal tensile strength as input.

9) When welding medium carbon steel plates over 90mm in thickness would the basic
electrode require any pre-treatment before use?

a. (answer ) None if they were in a vacuum pack

b. None if they were used in a factory

c. Heat to 500oC for 2 hours if used outside

d. Baked at 150oC for 4 hours prior to use

10) When welding medium carbon steel plates over 100mm in thickness would basic
electrodes require any pre-treatment before use?

a. None if they were in a vacuum pack opened 8 hours prior to use

b. ( answer ) None if they were in a sealed vacuum pack prior to use

c. Heat to 500oC for 2 hours if used outside

d. Baked at 150oC for 4 hours prior to use

Pls see next part