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Health Statistics
Medical Statistics
Vital Statistics
• In Public Health or Community Health, it is called Health
Statistics.
Collection,
Organisation,
presentation,
analysis and
interpretation of numerical data.”
• STATISTIC/ DATUM:- measured/ counted fact or piece of
information
such as height of person,
birth weight of baby…
• STATISTICS/ DATA:- plural of the same
such as height of 2 persons,
birth weight of 5 babies
plaque score of 3 persons…
• BIOSTATISTICS:- term used when tools of statistics are
applied to the data that is derived from biological sciences
such as medicine.
Types of Data
Discrete Continuous
Nominal Ordinal
Interval Ratio
COLLECTION OF DATA
Quantitative Qualitative
data data
INTERPRETATION
Measures of central tendency/ statistical averages
• Mean = 154/7 = 22
• Median= 7
a. Range : simplest
difference between highest and lowest figures
for eg.. Diastolic BP – 83, 75, 81, 79, 71, 90, 75, 95, 77, 94
so, the range is expressed as 71 to 95
or by actual difference of 24
• Merit :- simplest.
• Demerit :-
not of much practical importance.
indicates nothing about the dispersion of values
between two extreme values.
• Mean deviation:-
average of deviation from arithmetic mean.
M.D. = Ʃ(X – X )
ɳ
• Standard Deviation :- most frequently used
“ Root Mean Square Deviation”
denoted by greek letter σ or by initials
0.50 .1915
1.00 .3413
1.50 .4332
2.00 .4772
4.00 . 4999998
Sampling
• Sampling methods
i. Simple random sampling
ii. Systematic random sampling
iii. Stratified random sampling
Sampling errors
• Repeated samples from same population
Two types:
• one tailed Z test
• Two tailed Z test
• The z- test has 2 applications:
i. To test the significance of difference between a sample mean
and a known value of population mean.
• Probability tables.
5% level = 3.84 P >0.05 Accept the Ho
• r = Ʃ (x - x ) (y - y )
√ Ʃ( x-x)2 Ʃ(y-y)2
• The correlation coefficient r tends to lie between – 1.0 and
+1.0.
Types of correlation :-
Perfect positive correlation:
• The correlation co-efficient(r) = +1 i.e. both variables rise or
fall in the same proportion.
Perfect negative correlation:
• The correlation co-efficient(r) = -1 i.e. variables are inversely
proportional to each other, when one rises, the other falls in the
same proportions.
Moderately positive correlation:
• Correlation co-efficient value lie between 0< r< 1
Moderately negative correlation:
• Correlation coefficient value lies between -1< r< 0
Absolutely no correlation:
• r = 0, indicating that no linear relationship exits between the 2
variables.
conclusion
• Statistics is central to most medical research .
• Basic principles of statistical methods or techniques equip
medical and dental students to the extent that they may be able
to appreciate the utility and usefulness of statistics in medical
and other biosciences.
• Certain essential bits of methods in biostatistics, must be learnt
to understand their application in diagnosis, prognosis,
prescription and management of diseases in individuals and
community.
References