[Permanent situations or temporary situations recently completed states She works ina He is spending the week actions. Dank. “with his mother ‘She has dyed her hair black. permanent truths or changing or developing _(The actin is complete - laws of nature ‘situations She is getting hor hai is now ojed black - ‘The sun rises in the east. more and more impatient. evidence in the present) ‘repeated/habitual ‘frequently repeated actions complete past actions ‘actions (especially wth with always, constantly, connected to the present ‘often, usualy, aways annoyance or criticism time reference etc) He always goes to He's always getting ito He has bought @ house. bed at 11 o'clock. ‘trouble. (Here “always* (Now he owns a house.) (ere “aays" means moans constant) He has just returned from ‘ron cay) Paris. (aod ie reference) -reviews/sports _ actions happening at or ‘Personal experiences! commentaries! around the moment of changes which have ‘ramatic narrative speaking happened ‘Smye seres the ba The surf shining ow. Ihave lost weight ecenty. ‘and Lanyon misses it. Ho ls studying for the exams. timetables/programmes fixed arrangements in the emphasis on number -urture reference) ‘ear future ‘Ho as seen tree fs this "Theta leaves at 800. 'm going toe tear is woek. “Inexclmatry sentences evening. ‘Sho has had four cups of “Thore goes te bus! cofes snco sho woke up. actions stated in the past ‘and continuing up tothe present. She has been ‘doing her homework for an hour, (She startod an Pour ‘490 and she's sti dong it) ‘past actions of certain ‘duration having visible ‘results or effects inthe He has been running. That’ why he's out of breath. ‘to express anger, initation, annoyance, explanation or ers = “She has been using my ‘make-up. annoyance) ‘Present Perfect Continuous ‘1s normaly used with for, ‘since or how tong to put ‘emphasis on duration ‘Ho has been fooling unwol tino) ty ble weekmon oe For and since are usually used with Present Perfect ‘Continuous to emphasise the duration of an action. —past ection which occurred action continuing over a before another action or period up toa specific before a stated pastime time in the past She had ‘By his second day at camp been saving fora whole ‘he had made severa fends. year before she bought her ‘oko to Australie. complete past action seit sch advil renats Saanich ad ible nase resus inthe past ‘She felt much safer ater Ho had been shouting 30 she had focked a! the——oucy tht he had @ oredecisions taken atthe actions intended to be : eats penne. Peer smn ee: {ontne-spt cisions) future ‘Tmnungy.!M'eo0k 1m going to jon a ym on something to eat. Satur Nadie Groep styeag ‘offers, promises, wemins, Piet noes ieefelmiscew ‘comments et, esp. with: exams she's going to train “expect, hope, believe, im _f0 be a solo, ‘sure, im afraid, probably te promise Pt be on tine “actions of predictions ‘which may (not) happen Jethe future 01! prob- ably pass fis cvng test "or ations which we cannot control and wil Imevitay happen ‘Summer wil be ee ‘on, | things we are not yet sure about or we haven “decided to do yet erhaps IM move house. = ‘Shall is used: “Willis used: "wth we In questions, suggestions, offers or when _to express offers, threats, promises, predictions, warnings, = asking for advice. . ‘requests, hopes, fears, on-the-spot decisions, comments "Shale go noms now? (enalnty with: thik, expect, believe, 'm sure, hope, know, eit ‘suppose and probably). ‘hope you wil keepin ouch wit me, (Finis Siiple 8 Ba going to = «Future Periect = <= | FitureParfoct Continuous "temorow tonight net weekinont, before by, By then, by hesime, y= for = Intwortree ee day, the doy ofter_—_ (un used ony in nogative uy ‘omar, soon, in weeKimoth ete sentences with this tense)