24 Matrices

Paper 1 1 0 3 –5
8. +
2 –3 –1 0
1. The matrix is of 3 rows and 1 column.
Hence, m = 3 and n = 1 1+3 0 + (–5)
=
2 + (–1) –3 + 0
Answer: B
4 –5
=
2. P23 referring to the element in the 2nd row and the 3rd 1 –3
column. Answer: D
Hence, P23 = 6
Answer: D 9. (5 0 –3) − (–1 3 2)
= (5 – (–1) 0 – 3 –3 – 2)
3. Number of columns = 3 = (6 –3 –5)

Answer: D Answer: B

4. 3 × 2 matrix is a matrix which has 3 rows and 2 –2 5 7

10. − +
columns. 4 1 – 6

Answer: C –2 – 5 + 7
=
4 – 1 + (– 6)
5. Compare the two matrices. 0
=
p = 3, q = −5 –3
Answer: A Answer: C

6. Compare the two matrices. 1 3

11. 2 
m = −2, n = 6 0 4
Answer: C 2×1 2×3
=
2×0 2×4
5 4 2 6
7. + =
–3 –1 0 8
5+4 Answer: C
=
–3 – 1
9 –1 4
= 12. 3 
– 4 2 1
Answer: A 3 × (–1) 3×4
=
3×2 3×1
–3 12
=
6 3
Answer: B

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24

0 2 Paper 2
13. −2 
1 –1
1. (a) Not an identity matrix
–2 × 0 –2 × 2
= (b) An identity matrix
–2 × 1 –2 × (–1)
0 – 4 (c) An identity matrix
=
–2 2
(d) Not an identity matrix
Answer: A
2 3 1 0 2 3
2. (a) =
1 4 0 4 –5 0 1 4 –5
14. —
2 2 –2
1 0 4 –2 4 –2
1 ×4 1 ×0 (b) =
— — 0 1 0 1 0 1
2 2
=
1 ×2
— 1
— × (–2)
2 2 3 5
3. (a) Inverse matrix of
1 2
2 0
=
1 –1 1 2 –5
= ––––––––––––  
3 × 2 − 5 × 1 –1 3
Answer: D
1   2
= –––––
–5
0 6 – 5 –1 3
15. (1 2)
3 2 –5
= (1 × 0 + 2 × 3) =
–1 3
= (6)
5 2
Answer: A (b) Inverse matrix of
3 2

1 2 –2
1 = ––––––––––––  
16. (2 0) 5 × 2 − 2 × 3 –3 5
3
1×2 1×0 1   2
= ––––––
–2
= 10 – 6 –3 5
3×2 3×0
2 0 1  2
= —
–2
= 4 –3 5
6 0
Answer: D 2 – 4
4. (a) Inverse matrix of
2 –3
1 2 0 1
17. 1 –3 4
0 1 2 1 = ––––––––––––––––  
2 × (–3) – (– 4) × 2 –2 2
1×0+2×2 1×1+2×1
= 1   –3 4
0×0+1×2 0×1+1×1 = ––––––
– 6 + 8 –2 2
4 3
= 1   –3 4
2 1 = —
2 –2 2
Answer: A
5 –2
(b) Inverse matrix of
2 1 1 4 –2
18.
0 3 2 1 –2 2
= –––––––––––––––––  
2×1+1×2 5 × (–2) – (–2) × 4 –4 5
=
0×1+3×2
1   –2
= –––––––
2
=
4 –10 + 8 –4 5
6
1   –2
= − —
2
Answer: D 2 –4 5

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24 

6 4
5. (a) Determinant of matrix
3 2
=6×2−4×3
=0 Paper 1
6 4
Hence, has no inverse. 4 –3 1 6
3 2 1. − +  
8 2 2 4
3 –1
(b) Determinant of matrix 4 –3 3
6 –2 = − +
= 3 × (−2) − (−1) × 6 8 2 2
=0 4+3+3
3 –1 =
Hence, has no inverse. 8–2+2
6 –2
10
=
2 5 3 –5 8
6. (a)
1 3 –1 2
Answer: B
(2)(3) + (5)(–1) (2)(–5) + (5)(2)
=
(1)(3) + (3)(–1) (1)(–5) + (3)(2)
1 0 x
= 2. (4 x) = (16)
0 1 –6
(4(x) + x(–6)) = (16)
2 –1 –1 1 4x − 6x = 16
(b)
3 –1 –3 2 −2x = 16
(2)(–1) + (–1)(–3) (2)(1) + (–1)(2) x = ––– 16
= –2
(3)(–1) + (–1)(–3) (3)(1) + (–1)(2)
= −8
1 0
= Answer: D
0 1

4 3 x 11 2 1 3
7. = 3.
1 1 y 3 5 4 –2
x 1 –3 11 (2)(3) + (1)(–2)
= =
y –1 4 3 (5)(3) + (4)(–2)
(1)(11) + (–3)(3) 6–2
= =
(–1)(11) + (4)(3) 15 – 8
2 4
= =
1 7
Hence, x = 2 and y = 1. Answer: A

4 –1 m 13
8. = 3 –1
5

–1 n 16
m
=
–1 1 13
4. 1 2 0
5
4
2
–2
3
n –5 4 16 (3)(–2) + (–1)(3)

=
(–1)(13) + (1)(16)
(–5)(13) + (4)(16)
=1 (0)(–2) + (4)(3)
(5)(–2) + (2)(3)
2
–9
=
3
–1 =1 2 12
–4
Hence, m = 3 and n = −1. Answer: B

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24

5. (3 –5 0) – (2 4 –3) + 2(–1 6 4) –2 3 1 2 –1 4

= (3 –5 0) – (2 4 –3) + (–2 12 8) 10. 4 −
1 5 –3 3 2 1
= (3 – 2 + (–2)  –5 – 4 + 12  0 – (–3) + 8)
= (–1 3 11) –8 12 4 2 –1 4
= −
4 20 –12 3 2 1
Answer: A
–8 – 2 12 – (–1) 4–4
=
4–3 20 – 2 –12 – 1
1 0 –10 13 0
6. (–2 0 1)  3 5 =
1 18 –13
–1 2
Answer: A
= ((–2)(1) + (0)(3) + (1)(–1)   (–2)(0) + (0)(5) + (1)(2))
= (–3 2)
3 k k 2 –6 –3
11. − 3  =
Answer: D 5 –1 –1 0 8 –1
3 k 3k 6 –6 –3
− =
5 –1 –3 0 8 –1
1 –3 2 5
7.
4 3 0 –2 3 – 3k k–6 –6 –3
=
5+3 –1 – 0 8 –1
(1)(2) + (–3)(0) (1)(5) + (–3)(–2)
=
(4)(2) + (3)(0) (4)(5) + (3)(–2) Hence, k − 6 = −3
k = −3 + 6
2 11 = 3
=
8 14
Answer: C
Answer: B

m 3 –8
12. –2 =
4 5 –1 6 4 –2 n
8. 2  −
3 2 0 3 m 6 –8
– =
8 10 –1 6 4 –4 n
= −
6 4 0 3
m–6 –8
=
8+1 10 – 6 4 – (–4) n
=
6–0 4–3
Hence, m – 6 = –8
9 4 m = –2
=
6 1 n = 8
Answer: B Answer: B

1 4 –2 1 3 1 –4 4 –1 2 –2 – 4 5
9.   – = 13. + 3  −
2 6 k –7 –1 10 5 7 2 1 0 –2 1
2 –1 4 –1 6 –6 – 4 5
1 3 1 –4 = + −
1 – = 7 2 3 0 –2 1
3 k –7 –1 10 5
2 4+6+4 –1 – 6 – 5
2–1 –1 – 3 =
1 –4 7+3+2 2+0–1
1 =
3+7 k+1 10 5 14 –12
2 =
12 1
1
Hence,  k + 1 = 5 Answer: C
2
1
 k = 4
2
k = 8
Answer: C

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24 

14. (1 p)
p
= (2) 1   –14
= —
3 7 35
((1)(p) + (p)(3)) = (2) –2
=
Hence, p + 3p = 2 5
4p = 2 Hence, m = −2 and n = 5.
p = — 2
4
3 –8
= — 1 3. (a) Inverse matrix of
2 2 –7
Answer: A 1 –7 8
= –––––––––––––––––
3 × (–7) – (–8) × 2 –2 3
Paper 2 1   –7 8
= − —
5 –2 3
2 –1 1 0
1. (a) F  =
5 – 4 0 1 1 and t = 8.
Hence, p = − —
2 –1 5
F is the inverse matrix of .
5 – 4
3 –8 x 65
– 4 1 (b) =
1
F = –––––––––––––––––   2 –7 y 55
2 × (– 4) – (–1) × 5 –5 2

x 1   –7
= − —
8 65
1    – 4 1
= − — y 5 –2 3 55
3 –5 2
1   – 455 + 440
= − —
2 –1 p 10 5 –130 + 165
(b) =
5 – 4 q 34 1   –15
= − —
5 35

p 1   – 4 1 10
= − —
q 3 –5 2 34 3
=
–7
1   – 40 + 34
= − —
3 –50 + 68 Hence, x = 3 and y = −7.

1   –6
= − —
3 18
3 –5
2 4. (a) Inverse matrix of
= 2 1
–6
1 1 5
Hence, p = 2 and q = −6. = ––––––––––––––  
3 × 1 – (–5) × 2 –2 3
1   1
= –––
5
3 2 13 –2 3
2. (a) Inverse matrix of
4 5
Hence, p = 13 and q = 5.
1 5 –2
= ––––––––––––
3 × 5 – 2 × 4 – 4 3 3 –5 x 5
(b) =
1 5 –2 2 1 y 12
= —
7 – 4 3 x 1   1 5 5
 

= –––
y 13 –2 3 12
3 2 m 4
(b) = 1   5 + 60
4 5 n 17 = –––
13 –10 + 36

m 1  5
= —
–2 4
1   65
n 7 – 4 3 17 = –––
13 26
1 20 – 34
= — 5
7 –16 + 51 =
2
Hence, x = 5 and y = 2.

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24

2 –5 4 –3
5. (a) E = 7. (a) Inverse matrix of
1 4 2 –1
F = Inverse matrix of E 1 –1 3
= ––––––––––––––––  
1 4 5 4 × (–1) – (–3) × 2 –2 4
= ––––––––––––––  
2 × 4 – (–5) × 1 –1 2 1   –1 3
= —
2 –2 4
1   4
= –––
5
13 –1 2 1 3
= – —
2
—
2
4 5
Compare with F = p  . –1 2
q 2
3
—
Compare with k
1 and q = −1.
Hence, p = ––– 2 .
13 –1 2
1.
Hence, k = − —
2 –5 m 16 2
(b) =
1 4 n –5
4 –3 p 27
m 1   4 5 16 (b) =
= ––– 2 –1 q 11
n 13 –1 2 –5

p 1   –1
= —
3 27
1   64 – 25
= ––– q 2 –2 4 11
13 –16 – 10
1   –27 + 33
= —
1   39
= ––– 2 –54 + 44
13 –26
1  6
= —
3 2 –10
=
–2
3
Hence, m = 3 and n = −2. =
–5
Hence, p = 3 and q = −5.
2 –1
6. (a) Inverse matrix of
4 3

1 3 1
= ––––––––––––––  
2 × 3 – (–1) × 4 –4 2
1   3 1 Paper 1
= –––
10 –4 2
3 1 2 –1 –3 4 –2 5
Compare with m  . 1. + −
–4 n 6 3 0 –1 –4 7

Hence, m = –––1 and n = 2. 2–3+2 –1 + 4 – 5

10 =
6+0+4 3–1–7

2 –1 x 1 –2
7 =
(b) = 10 –5
4 3 y –16
x Answer: C
1   3
= –––
1 7
y 10 –4 2 –16
–3 0
1   21 + (–16)
= –––
2. M + =
2 6
10 –28 + (–32)
0 –3
1   5
= ––– M = −
10 –60 6 2

1 = 0 + 3
— 6–2
= 2
–6 3
=
1 4
Hence, x = — and y = −6.
2 Answer: B

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24 

–2 0 5 2 2 –2 n 0 6 –2
3. − N = 8. + 2  =
5 4 –3 0 0 3 2 3 4 9
–2 0 5 2 2 –2 2n 0 6 –2
N = − + =
5 4 –3 0 0 3 4 6 4 9

= –2 – 5 0 – 2 Hence, 2 + 2n = 6
5+3 4–0 2n = 6 − 2
–7 –2 n = — 4
= 2
8 4
= 2
Answer: C
Answer: B

2 –3 4 0
4. T − = 2 1 –3 5
1 0 2 –1 9.
0 –4 2 –1
4 0 2 –3
T = + (2)(–3) + (1)(2) (2)(5) + (1)(–1)
2 –1 1 0 =
(0)(–3) + (–4)(2) (0)(5) + (–4)(–1)
= 4 + 2 0 – 3 –4 9
2 + 1 –1 + 0 =
–8 4
6 –3
= Answer: D
3 –1
Answer: A –3 0 4
10.
1 2 –1
5. (3 2) − (–1 5) + — 1 (4 –2)
2 = (–3)(4) + (0)(–1)
= (3 2) − (–1 5) + (2 –1) (1)(4) + (2)(–1)
= (3 + 1 + 2 2 – 5 – 1) –12
=
= (6 – 4) 2
Answer: D Answer: C

–1 1  8 + 3 –2
6. −— 11. (–1 – 4)
4 2 –2 –5 3

=
–1
−
4
+
3 = (–2)(–1) (–2)(– 4)
4 –1 –5 (3)(–1) (3)(– 4)

= –1 – 4 + 3 = 2 8
4+1–5 –3 –12
–2 Answer: B
=
0
2 m 1 0
Answer: A 12.
0 –1 0 2

3 –2 0 –3 = (2)(1) + (m)(0) (2)(0) + (m)(2)

7. − 2  (0)(1) + (–1)(0) (0)(0) + (–1)(2)
5 1 –4 1
3 –2 0 –6 = 2 2m
= − 0 –2
5 1 –8 2
Answer: B
= 3 – 0 –2 + 6
5+8 1–2
3
3 4 13. (2 –1)
= 4
13 –1
= ((2)(3) + (–1)(4))
Answer: A = (2)
Answer: A

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24

–3 Paper 2
14. (1 –2)
2
4 3
= (–3)(1) (–3)(–2) 1. (a) E =
5 4
(2)(1) (2)(–2)
–3 6 F is the inverse matrix of E.
=
2 –4 1 4 –3
F = ––––––––––––  
Answer: D 4 × 4 – 3 × 5 –5 4
1  4
= —
–3
3 0 1 –5 4
15. (h 2) = (2h 8)
–1 4 4 –3
((h)(3) + (2)(–1) (h)(0) + (2)(4)) = (2h 8) =
–5 4
Hence, 3h − 2 = 2h
4 3 m 4
3h − 2h = 2 (b) =
5 4 n 6
h = 2
m 4 –3 4
Answer: A =
n –5 4 6

k – 2 (0 1) = 0 –5 = 16 – 18
16. –20 + 24
3 0 3
–2
(k – 2) × 0 (k – 2) × 1 = 0 –5 =
0 3 4
0 3
Hence, m = −2 and n = 4.
Hence, k − 2 = −5
k = −5 + 2
4 2
= −3 2. (a) E =
1 1
Answer: D
F is the inverse matrix of E.
–1 1 1 –2
17. (p 5) = (6) F = ––––––––––––  
2 4 × 1 – 2 × 1 –1 4

((p)(–1) + (5)(2)) = (6) 1  1

= —
–2
2 –1 4
Hence, −p + 10 = 6
p = 10 − 6 1 1
Compare with —
–2
.
= 4 q p 4
Hence, p = −1 and q = 2.
Answer: B

2 –6 2 4 2 x –10
18. (–3 1) = (b) =
m 6 –2 1 1 y –2

(2)(1) = –6 2 x 1  1 –2 –10
(2)(–3)
y
= —
2 –1 4 –2
(m)(–3) (m)(1) 6 –2
Hence, m = −2 1   –10 + 4
= —
2 10 – 8
Answer: C
1   –6
= —
2 2
2
19. (p 2p) = (20) –3
–3 =
1
((p)(2) + (2p)(–3)) = (20)
Hence, 2p − 6p = 20 Hence, x = −3 and y = 1.
−4p = 20
20
p = –––
– 4
= −5
Answer: B

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24 

3 –4 4 –5
3. (a) G = 5. (a) Inverse matrix of
1 2 3 –4
Inverse matrix of G 1 –4 5
2 4 = ––––––––––––––––  
1
= ––––––––––––––   4 × (–4) – (–5) × 3 –3 4
3 × 2 – (–4) × 1 –1 3
1   –4
= –––
5
1   2
= –––
4 –1 –3 4
10 –1 3
4 –5
=
3 –4
3 –4 x 7
(b) = 4 h
1 2 y 4 Compare with .
k –4
x 1 2 4 7
= –––  Hence, h = −5 and k = 3.
y 10 –1 3 4
1
= –––  14 + 16 4 –5 x 32
10 –7 + 12 (b) =
3 –4 y 25
1 30 4 –5 32
= –––  x
10 5 =
y 3 –4 25
3
= 1 = 128 – 125
— 96 – 100
2
1 3
Hence, x = 3 and y = —. =
2 –4
Hence, x = 3 and y = −4.
4 3
4. (a) P =
1 h
m 1
Determinant of P 6. (a) F =
10 n
= 4 × h – 3 × 1
Inverse matrix of F
= 4h − 3
1
= ––––––––   n –1
P has no inverse. mn – 10 –10 m
Hence, 4h − 3 = 0
3 1   n
Compare with ––– –1 .
h = —
4 10 –10 5

4 3 Hence, m = 5
(b) (i) P = and mn − 10 = 10
1 2
5n = 10 + 10
Inverse matrix of P
2 –3 20
n = –––
1
= ––––––––––––   5
4×2–3×1 –1 4
= 4
1 2 –3
= — 
5 –1 4
(b) F 
x
=
4
y 6
4 3 e 21
(ii) = 5 1 x 4
1 2 f 4 =
10 4 y 6
e 1 2 –3 21
= —  x 1   4 –1 4
f 5 –1 4 4 = –––
y 10 –10 5 6
1
= —  42 – 12 1   16 – 6
5 –21 + 16 = –––
10 – 40 + 30
1 30
= —  1   10
5 –5 = –––
10 –10
6
= 1
–1 =
–1
Hence, e = 6 and f = −1. Hence, x = 1 and y = −1.

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24

n 3 1 –3 8 3
7. (a) F = 9. (a)
4 9 –2 8 2 1
Inverse matrix of F 8–6 3–3
=
1 9 –3 –16 + 16 –6 + 8
= ––––––––  
9n – 12 –4 n 2 0
=
0 2
1  9
Compare with —
–3
.
k –4 1
8 3 h 7
Hence, n = 1 (b) =
2 1 k 2
and 9n − 12 = k
9(1) − 12 = k 1 –3 8 3 h 1 –3 7
=
k = −3 –2 8 2 1 k –2 8 2
2 0 h
x 1 = 7 – 6
(b) F  = 0 2 k –14 + 16
y –2
2h 1
1 3 x 1 =
= 2k 2
4 9 y –2
Hence, 2h = 1 and 2k = 2
x 1   9 –3 1 h = — 1 k = 1
= ––– 2
y –3 –4 1 –2
1  9+6
= − ––
3 – 4 – 2
10. (a) 2 –2 6 –1
1   15 8 –12 4 –1
= − ––
3 –6
= 12 – 8 –2 + 2
–5 48 – 48 –8 + 12
=
2 4 0
=
Hence, x = −5 and y = 2. 0 4

6 –1 m 9
–1 –1 (b) =
8. (a) Inverse matrix of 4 –1 n 11
6 8
2 –2 6
–1 m
= 2 –2 9
1 8 1
= –––––––––––––––   8 –12 4 –1 n 8 –12 11
–1 × 8 – (–1) × 6 –6 –1
4 0 m
1  8 1 = 18 – 22
= – –– 0 4 n 72 – 132
2 –6 –1
4m = – 4
–1 –1 h –2 4n – 60
(b) =
6 8 k 15 Hence, 4m = −4 and 4n = −60
h 1  8 1 –2 m = −1 n = −15
= − ––
k 2 –6 –1 15
1   –16 + 15 11. (a) 3 1 F = 3 1
= − –– 4 –1 4 –1
2 12 – 15
1   –1 1 0
= − –– Hence, F =
2 –3 0 1

1
—
= 2
3
—
2
1 and k = ––
Hence, h = –– 3.
2 2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24 

(b) Inverse matrix of 3 1

13. (a) AH =
1 0
4 –1 0 1

1 –1 –1 3 –2 1 0
= ––––––––––––––  
A  =
3 × (–1) – 1 × 4 –4 3 4 1 0 1

1   –1
= − ––
–1 3 –2
7 –4 3 A is the inverse matrix of .
4 1
3 1 d = 11 1 1 2
A = ––––––––––––––  
4 –1 e 24 3 × 1 – (–2) × 4 –4 3
d 1   –1 –1 11 1   1
= –––
2
= − –– 11 –4 3
e 7 –4 3 24
1   –11 – 24
= − ––
7 –44 + 72 x 1
(b) H  =
y 2
1   –35
= − ––
7 28 3 –2 x 1
=
5 4 1 y 2
=
–4 x 1   1 2 1
= –––
Hence, d = 5 and e = −4. y 11 –4 3 2
1   1+4
= –––
11 – 4 + 6
12. (a) M = 4 –6
8 k 1  5
= –––
Determinant of M 11 2
= 4 × k − (−6) × 8 5
= 4k + 48 ––
= 11
When M has no inverse, 2
––
4k + 48 = 0 11
4k = − 48 5 and y = –––
2 .
Hence, x = –––
k = –––– – 48 11 11
4
= −12
14. E = m 3
9 2 2 1
(b) N =
4 1 (a) Determinant of E
Inverse matrix of N = m × 1 − 3 × 2
1 1 –2 = m − 6
= ––––––––––––  
9 × 1 – 2 × 4 –4 9 When E has no inverse, then m − 6 = 0
1 –2 m = 6
=
–4 9 (b) E = 8 3
2 1
9 2 m 3 Inverse matrix of E
(c) =
4 1 n 1 1 1 –3
= ––––––––––––
m 1 –2 3 8 × 1 – 3 × 2 –2 8
=
n –4 9 1 1  1
= —
–3
2 –2 8
= 3–2
–12 + 9
1
=
–3
Hence, m = 1 and n = −3.

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 24

8 3 x 4
(c) = 3 –1
2 1 y 2 16. (a) Inverse matrix of
1
—
–3 4 2

x 1  1
= — 3
y 2 –2 8 2
1 1
—
1  4–6 1
= — = ––––––––––––––– 3
2 –8 + 16 3× 1
— – (–1) × 2
3 –2 3
1   –2
= — 1
2 8 = —1  — 1
3
3
–1 –2 3
=
4
Hence, x = −1 and y = 4. 3 –1 p 21
(b) =
1
— q 8
2
3
3 1 1
15. (a) Inverse matrix of
p 1  —
= —
1 21
8 4 3
q 3 8
–2 3
1 4 –1
= ––––––––––––   1  7+8
3 × 4 – 1 × 8 –8 3 = —
3 – 42 + 24
1  4
= —
–1
4 –8 3 1   15
= —
3 –18
3 1 m –3
(b)
8 4 n
=
4 = 5
– 6

m 1  4
= —
–1 –3
Hence, p = 5 and q = − 6.
n 4 –8 3 4
1   –12 – 4
= —
4 24 + 12
1   –16
= —
4 36
– 4
=
9
Hence, m = −4 and n = 9.

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