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MIR RRR BE BL GE T BF SCALIA E, ME A AS FARE HFT T BCL BEI URAL, 1988 EM 1996 EER BSW th WR ERT RRS. 90 FEE A FAULT He sea BA 80 SE CR I BASAL 2 AR, FR LSC AL Se At 20 TCT OE, AE, ST ALY, Fe EE A RB AT SAME, BO ARER HTT ARBOR R AME AS MERU ARLE BAST. DRED Be AL Se — 1S SNS, ORARS FGF DMS LAF CRE =, BPR ARERR TEMARTR SSNS, RARE FURR MINT, BEAR AT BA EE HE BE FEBS ACE A EA Jy RP PE, ATP a, (ELS RAVES RAILS ET ERS RERROASS, BR, -HRAMEDE. 3B) 1997 FARR Bet, CSA = A ee eH BEADAR EAL ASA CBB ALBEE RAC BY CBRE HL EE FED EA RRERMBXRLRE). BT AMM BEL, REBES2 TER RIE TE TG AE So ML, PEK RETR. GRU, RE BRAS Sy BG ft 71 28 BR AAT AUB, Ce fl {TTR AY Be AP eB A BH DR HAMS RE H. BARRE, Rie RSE ee SIL SU AY Ae EBL fe PUL BR - PLATE SCL SCOR ERY Af]. BRAT 3 WL Et OF FB RRS HATTIAR GH SPA ERIC” EES Hy a RT. FM, RAINES SHR ERLE XR RAA BS, A SEAMARM AAT Hh, A, A. 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MURR RAS— Re MPR RES ATAZ AR BREE, BW, RATA, BPA EL bap AN A, Marshall Singer PAM REA AHL . thAA, BE, AABRURE a7 AK, 1 EL, Be BA A J BY, FOUR, BE TED — Be Pe AY BE OR ek AP. AML ERLE RT ARERR A 2 EF RATA, RA ESE Mary #1 Margaret St THES AE fk, Be ei OM ST, Mary fe RE FEA AS else, fe ER, Vat KER, EK HULA ALLE, HUAI TBS SE, CEE HP te SE HO MEK ARAP, RUPE, UAT Al KT RR, SOTBe PRL 3 Mary SOMEDAY —TARA RE. BU Phe SU R—-RARU, RIT bi, Mary RFU APRA 1) BA; 2) RTE AVBR 3) ax; 4) FUE A; 5) EX AR,4 PERL PS MI 6) RBA; 7) BSS SHAR; 8) AULA (OBIE ABE); 9) FP BTR; 10) SHRM: 11) ERTRRP OAR, 12) SOPRA AR 13) Bacay APE SSL ER TS RRA TY LI feast 3 we ae Sh, Margaret EMA, ECR, ba EL Ee ALI, WARE, RE, Ba RIT, thot F BOGAN, JEM AS AA, MTR, Bot ARR, RAL, UWE DAG, RE 8, GRERATE A. A, *RFUF-ABE, 1) BA; 2) ak; 3) WH KER; 4) Atal ope ey ARE, 5) REE, 6) WARE RAY AR 1) ASA ARS 8) MP HSRS MBH AR; 9) TSAR ABE 10) BR PRRERE OLA ABE, 11) BRKT A TFA A AG 12) BRRTE ROAR, SMI PEE, 16S Mary RORAL, BL, WATE BE AN WLR LAB RK AF, (LE, BBO Margaret 45 Mary OF 5t 2 18 FAYE HR, ZS BE 1 PBABoe RR 5 WR ARID A SE — PEM, LAE Singer BUR. MU BER ATR PORE BK, TET BE A BE AE IB, BEDE, GEA ASA 2 TSI BY 3C IR AB BCL Ds BS ICAL EB, Porter fl Samover HE AKLE AREA —TPORLE, te HAIER, AST REA ZO ERS AR BIL A 2B BKB FPA A BAA) DRAB A RE) RBA + 2E)-—SBA SBAWRRMEKA | SRBC AE A | SACLE MSA AAR Se) . | SBA BRBMEKA SAREE S RR t REM E ERBERAR ERATE 1 PERE RRP EGP AA BANS HBR HRATARRE HRA, RRR EWR, Hitt FT, AER AAR Singer APPL RAE AEC Eth6 FER RD MI te, (EE, TERM _LAG IS Singer OMA BAY, Ron fl Suzanne Scollon EX! FHS KL WF AY BEES Singer ARAL. BITRATE TA OHA, TORR, PUTER) RAVER OTA AA G8 UOT ASE, Ae, (TASB SCL REAL OE ET. DE SERUM GERR REAR. FRR BRAD BERIT FTL, TEM RTTE PH, MRR REE UXKRRAEM Bat, SEMA, RAM AM RK AADAYS ey ae Singer #1 Scollon (90 $452 Wk T ~-HEAE BREE BES AL RE HS Si AE AA. hh fe AE LAS St Ht BOAR, SIRE ERAS SEL, SCHCSROT TE ALE A A IL A SO, BEAEET. BOM PEALE TENA TEE A, tH AER (LEEDS RRR MEE ATH ICM A HOR, (EL, TEBE PRE REVE? RTM, RAR SS eS ey Ik REEFS MO, MMR AREER LAE. ERP IC AL SED TE FEROS EL A ARH EIA SEZ gH AD. PALE Understanding Arabs; A Guide for Westerners Border Crossings; American Interactions with Israelis A Fair Go for All: Australian and American Interactions From Da to Yes; Understanding the East Europeans A Common Core: Thais and Americans With Respect to the Japanese: A Guide for Americans Understanding Cultural Differences; Germans, French and Americans . Management in Two Cultures; Bridging the Gap between U.S. and Mexican Managers Crosstalk and Culture in Sino-American Communicatione—-e BRAM q ARR AR Res, RT RCM AAA, LAB PPR UT VA BE AE AG RI BSA TH STEXHRHRRP HAAN MRE AA SRT. FE HE CA BET LE BY LAB Bs E,W) PORTH. PICA Ba, RR, BR, HR MR. BR, We, HES, ERB RK RATE AL ARATE ay Sb APU? RAWAL, Amt Bee ae ALG RREETANTH, WAR -THAHERWRAADH. BH VAD ERE BPR BREF BAL eR, CMAR, MENMRRA MM, BFME. MR. OE dL. 428], PREP RKASH BERRA PRE, EFPAZ PALA 22 FAT HE PE Te BATE 4 MBHAM RR EM, TERE — PERI ET, BAUR GSE Pte EE MLE, HAASE A AE ERR CE RS ROTHER TRB AT RHE WUE ANE XM CA TE ER Ext dA AL Bb, eRe fy Hk) Abe y BRMAGRLA LLM EMAMS IY RR AR QSURMA AO EAR, LPERANS PURER REAR, RHARETAPAAFAYURRARE SHBARRLAE RR, MTBKKRERAAT FH, FAVASPABLA LMR, Bit, EMADAL Hl ARIE MAH TARR, AMS RAR AI BRS ES Agr BR, CR, APL RAART PRTA MMAR P TS RB, RPT OTBREP HEAL OME,8 PERKS MIE ASH: 1. PEGA IE A PRE He eB A BS AE CER? 2. PRU CARRE A 2 TA SAGE RA LE? 3. FOB HC 1 EE OY PAE BS SC RB a? 1. LS. Harms. (1973) Intercultural Communication. Harper & Row.p.8. 2. Marshall Singer. (1987) Indercultural Communication: A Perceptual Ap- proach. Prentice— Hall. p.2. 3. Richard Porter & Larry Samovar. (1988) Approaching Intercultural Com- munication. In Samovar & Porter (eds.) Intercultural Communication; A Reader . 3 edn. Wadsworth Publishing Co. p.23. 4, Ron and Suzanne Scollon. (1995) Intercultural Communication; A Dis- course Approach. Blackwell. p.163.FE PRK 9 SR ISIC Lehn —. BALRRSARe BEALS ER PE Intercultural Communication, P38 BPR YE Cross-cultural Communication, Ai) #% X SP Bi PRB, WMDAMABHE, ARH, HEARED ERAKD. ARASH E SAKE, BARRE RLEREMBRAF ERY, BER—TE RHR, ROARRAUS, Rib AMR RAR oh R, SHARA GH, J. a. TSH, OHS Reo HRA BLESS UR, HIE HE SEB PE Se7- ee , AU, BESO ERR BRR EERE. HE 60 4F AK, SRR PER ASR BAS A he RS, REINA RR, SRR RAED 8 Cab tt, TRAWVMWAREUSERT STIULMBR, EER, WREST] fF DR BEL pete de SSR ASH CAL 2S AFEARHAG, HK, RBSSERERAR, BEALE BAL WA. RRAR, SHRRUFR SH, SYNE ARMAS BEAL, TFS E RA HES A Po SE, HUA THTHBRA RUT DHHS. MERE BAG RMT ALS CL SE PH — WS BAB Edward Hall 4 1959 EW RM CFG I RD (The Silent Language) @ {EB CAC 2 RS A EZ PE. Hall BARBER, ME REGRRLAMKR-BEURE. OE PARAS) Abo, Hall FACIL, 20H RRR TE RA10 PERI ME ORR, AUR SCAG A AE LAT TD, SB Pe FHRALALMAR. LAE Hall Pil Ee BR He TR FSCAGE HH —A, B, RL e T BL SE BRANSETE. Hall CEREAL SERA EIR PA at FH ee 2s OA Ko Eh MS (HAWES) HR, 60 ERMA HARE A SHE. AMM, 1962 4F R.T. Oliver if (CAL FR) ( Culture and Communication ), 1996 4f A.Smith Eu) GebK-93¢1L) (Communication and Culture), 1967 F 1. Parry RA (ARDY (The Psychology of Hu- man Communication) $F. Sub Alt, MASH RE SEER. RERLLARLEFRARY MIT, 1970 FEAR BSEXH—-#, EXE, BMPR TSRU BLASER HEH-TAR, CERTRRUTRRARMEDS, THE BFORE 1970 FH SHE MAB SRI. IS, SRERBER, HA RAGRUB ALERT RE. 1972, Si — A BPSAL A BRAWN EB AREF, HU ARG AT, RA RARER ER Ro RBFAR. USER, ABA, BAD. 1974 FBR MBAS HRS (SIETAR, Society for Intercultural Edu- cation, Training and Research) ERM S R= MAA BA, EASHRU, RABKRUERFEHRRACM TAR A HETPFSESRERARREBA, AMHR THS. EM ZAIRE A BRE UR SUAS ARES (SIETAR- In- ternational, the International Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research). EMER, RANMA T HARSH HH 8. Hop BURA E David Hoopes ¥ HN — BEA, Larry152621 Ca RASS 11 Samovar 43 Richard Porter S406) (2 Sb SRF HEIL) (Inter cultural Communication; A Reader) YB John Condon 4 Fathi Yousef HH (HMA IRBATID (An Introduction to Inter- cultural Communication). 70S RP, ERR CAAA SOKEH RELL EE ARE. AOKPFRER PLE REREABLA, ERE, FR SRM AR TeREA, LUMP R, AAR, BAER. MER, AK SERA NRE, AAR T 70 EAB 80 SAE BL ie RETR. AE eae 1983 Sei AT 138 RSA AMIR, 0. BU. fee, eat SMR, SUT RARE. feATaee ee: “PEERY RRA ILE REE LP AOA f&. Barna fl Jain WAR, 1978 EA 200 RATE RIX ORE. BORON RKA ARR, BAKE HH 17. 8% EVAR CURBERA, BA, BRA 275 KPA RR, MI, EA 6 Ech, IT PREM T 37.5%. BONAR AIRS, FELLA, BRITA S ARR T. SHADERS, A 18.196 USE RERE A fh TIARA HHS AE ee ERS,” FAA SERA MERA TRE, AED eRA RI BS, 457.6%, KORE RU, F 80%, RTT SARA RE Gd, QS. Si. RAY RA LHEH. Hee, RPS. APRA, BS ARERR, HRA DAH, UTA ADR, FR MURA. AER. Suhat, RH. SAAR HEA FE12 PETA ID MIS . MER REM FEA - PARRA RUS OKRA RAR BARRE - BERK, REARRERAE = REPRE SCL TE Be ALE a Be - ABC « PBB AN Sb BB TE RUA Ze BR ep ee ACARI SCL . RR, ARAL 10. ESCH IE 11. NR. RA 12. BS ERLTROMREPUAR BRULEE RE, B70 ERA, BKBAtTSRAKS. PREREWE RO. 1, AE ee —- S e M 2. RREERASRU NG PI ER 3. EEA ABTA TSC HE RRA A TES OE Bee 4 ERE T PSEA HL a AA S.SFFEMS, MAE RE Hh A CH STARA? KRIFRTURGS RRMA AAS, RTT SF He EH BB BR. Richard Porter SPH ATHH, BIAS BCH, PR, RR PODER. A, RIL). tt San, BRA, AewE. RS. SAO eA SA Oe Was, IEE FK.° SLAF, Porter #l Samovar 45 — ME ASA=TAH, A (BE REM. HAMAS BH). BSVE (QHBER BERR) WIRE (BERT Ay BLM AF eA). RRA AHR, (A EMER. AME TAREE T Marshall Singer MATIN XC COA AA ER wDBae SKY 13 PETC AE SL TW RE (LE WY FEY BE, ER Michael Argyle 1A BRR PEE RA EA 6 TT: 1) RS, SAL SUNS; 2) HRS; 3) MAT AEM, BHM BLS, 4) REM AWA; 5) KANGA MBL, 6) BAMA MBSR WP EWS. Argyle EX BHF T Porter Ml Samovar it PE ATH) HEB) 9 Hh EFT HEL BM St AY AGRE, MERU REH AA AM BRA LE . SSULIRIIM, BE SCA SE ihe Pr ANS A ee HA AR PAS, SSE BUR FF BA BR OE De MY TE Ft 2 nA Se, ETAT A RA BT, A AAT TB aE RH A Boe. RAR MS RES Bae TLEETT , Jadb, RAO HE oh ee — + EL RWAT REY, =. BRURRSARA BRR GFERMA RRR, HARARE SHWE, BRERMETS FORE SS, Bee BRANT SAE BH EER LAH Vl FOIE & (SIETAR International) FEBOWMS¢ SX SIETAR Europa BARES, FESR. PSERSRARRERHAE: BTR AEE, B PRAEGT HR. RHNAKAN-KEREAH, B-RE BLAH. RLU, BRATHAN AAAI 43), RT FRA SMESASA RRA, LE FH RAM. ERAT LXER E REAPER, HTM, RA University of Leicester, Luton University EMP iX—iRR, University of Leicester, Martin Cortazzi F SuSE14 PY MIE F, SHAS BEARS th PR BRE REFER FSR OMB PER. RARER Malinowski i) (ScHGi2) (SRM ARIR, 1987 AE Ay eb al RR iB) Sp GCA AE AG) AD EE A SBE PE ST A SRT SRT TB RAAT H RANE XM. Raymond Williams Ges@ia. 4 RHA KCM AIL) (Key Words: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society) ABS FSAI HBX ALA AGA fF TR RAM HE, HRKRE SARASOTA TERR LAR, flan Jenny Thomas Xt FIXT RAH RS, (BCL MEK MAERUA, MUL RRAA, A RR Cpragmalinguistic failure) 4: R—iG A KR (socioprag- matic failure). HII —iB BRIE FD EA IR i AMA AR VSB SME FRR. RB ih FRCURAA LEER, BARK, oD BAGH, ARAM TUT, AMMRAMNS, SAMNM HT AMSA, ERAT, KEM TAME RAE FS ER, PRR AH A A Os eR SE SERUM. PARE. “RAE RRM Ket A, TR, RO BSI A RT eT a MTR A A, AMP AMET ARS REI BeAMHRR, HMA-THEA, ape BRR RRR AE Ee ER TAY BAP, LPM RR. ‘What do you want?’ HiTRARM PAR ARS ILS. KEE BAAD AR, WHR —BAW AR.” AUT) BY ee AE EM SE. FE 60 FARA, KERR SB ETC RUA Re RTE TB Sepa) tia, TERRI TE Ne A a RSE PART RAR KARMA. 19079 EESS SRR 15 ARATE ED ER AB a CE RK eT AN TR “ab RIS AE SE AA RA.” te, BB BYGT FETE RTT ite A aE RARE SH, BIE BAAS KEHESSHSRATA, REAM MMTOTS ASS. CORA, 1981 FIT T (BERS KAD, SERB SP Be EE EE TTR T TRA HEIL @ (E. M. Bepemarna) HPWH #* (B. T. Koctomapor) SEWESFHUGA. RABE FHERSECES. HS © GR SD. CAMBER), BK CT. Tomaxun) # (BWA BRA) BS. “HVS, Bt Wa VRS SS Ei AA BP BH, BsB BaRSHAN, C-HHCKMSBS SAAR, —TH LW FEAT SRA OY RECREATES Sin FEA SC PR AA EA.” DRS BSSSEAAATUKR AY MR — FE. BAS H. REALS GES: RHE TRS ME) bee BRIBES RRA, ABT BRR By Ee SAIC (tial, WO, GA, A. Ae, A OR ERSREERS), PRR KH, BWR RAL AE AL, SCOR. SEMA. HILAL, BRS ES BME BS CAE PA A OEP A LH SH, EY a RAPA, Bao RAMEE MR SB te AS oe, SRRRKEASARERESHXLLARAR, BORE ARABHERR. WS, MAE TS WM. GOR, EMRHE SPH AN A SRR SS PUT RAYA SA, A ESET RE A aR Et %. MAKAA, AREAS RAS SSR —-RS TAA She, THA AAR BHR TRAE © OE, Re RR ARO. RIFAERRSAS RA, FPP SRK16 PRAMS RIE CARRE, ATATA “KAPR OPBa? x— BIR? HAA, “R-AMBAT MARR CERES SZ BLUR, VRUTEPSR, AAW, KBAR THR ‘BR HAR.” eH, RHA Ae eS we MIS SC CHR) BA, A CPR) He, CAR) BK, A CAR) RSH. MEHAREHE, ASAP AEH. 1) MARKO S SUSBSSARM KH RARUHKA, 2) BSE SWARM RAM, HR. BUS, 3) BIS PPRAERRKH LTR, Mee ecAS + =. BEF eRo EER PG, ABLE 80 EM AMAFWERSA BH. CMH, BREFSNERSUR MESHEWKA. HMR GEF 1982 EE CRB) ba HRRARE SSX: Culturally-loaded Words and Eng- lish Language Tesching, MBH TAM MLAB SMRHK A, MENON RRARS, HE, READ AM Re tRELM FHC SRLERLAM LIES. DERSRAM LALLA MR RAR RD, X— TE HFAMM FRM RANM, AMR SRR FESS PORE, RAMI AR BIS Yb a EB IC 4. FERRER, ARE BY Ne ER WAHAB EAM PHT REM ROER TET Me. A, CSSERGASWURARAASKA) PARA -B: “2 NEP LES ER AWN, HALA HALE DE, A, BARRMR SSR ASE RARER ABRUS RAIA, eteBE BARKS 7 SABES EE, TE RET, LS MK AHMAR TIA BR.” (FB 4 HL) EAM PUT TH CERES, AAR IE TES, AMR AIRERTE, 280 EARP ARS, CERES RAEI i BS A ER FRE, ROI RNAS, BRIA, BRROMK BMRB ARS, BHAEB ARE EBC Tae he His PF TAS 80 EACH MAR 90 SEAR 3 Ee PY HRA Se a XK. a ee Hn a4 Ay HL Oatey;Helen() 1987 SRRARAHURSHA Lisneee Roi 1988 SB Aa eB aA 1988 BLKLHSRBSA FX wee 1989 PAR AS RE 1989 § Sho PaaS 1989 WHC ARR LF URE 1990 HE BRBRtE( =) HEAR KE wh 1990 BEAL RFE wae WEWME(R) 1991 HRARBRRPB ERs La ett NTE Se 1991 BES: REE BS PAR wee Rae 1992 ARIE SCL Re AR WAR ce acd 1992 RTH BAR ABE 1993 2H IAR RRR HR RASH SOT eA 1993 SBR SRE. aT Ra 1993 Hie SRBC Weer Wx 1994 XH 5 SMB ERRROR 199 XLS RM AL SN 1904 Ray WAR18 TER IEE MIE EH ab ARSE s # OW HE ON GR, 19944 BRP RAS AHEM Seth aS 1995 PRK AR RE Be AB 1995 SC Se PE wx FE WIS 1995 PR AMME ST RAR ax 1995 FLA SNL whee 1996 FRR SE bE MRE 1996 FECL A, AE AB Ah BE 1997 BREST wie RE 1997 BRCAL BERR EMER DEBRROS PARK, RAPHORRKET YS JUDAH T: 1) eR DARN A; 2) HBSRH; 3) FHA Oxte; 4) PHAR RRMA, 5) PREG, MPR HR ESTA (ad, SR, FROKERS. VSSHHSRAEKA, KARE AAA IL 28, SNARE, MONE, ER, CER, PR %. 1995 SEXES RI TM KSB T RS — He. FRHPRAYE 230A, BHAT SA, BARA SES XL AEB ROMA. BS LRT pel IC CRORES, LEP ETSSMASIUY, SNREEWEA F-KAS, 1997 FARM MAY ATT BIMAR. Ih SH, AKAF SRA AMA (Kent State University) Jel RABBIT 1996 F 8 AWTS, SRR MTL HEA 21 tHe SHS”. 1999 TELIA S BITS SPARS . PRES SR Intercultural communication ZESE1S BES ALE RIK - BEWe RL RR 19 KR, MATLAB CREA, AEP RATE T St, ZBMAN RMA OAL, ERE ARERR 2, RAFTER HES. AHEHHERAB KIER H, BAAR UE, ANSEL, CARL WE. ATASHMAAM EB? RAS —-E-TRE OS UL, SHERBERALNA-K, H-TRABE AKA FH AMSRAR, BH, CEPRRAN ARR RAE CPA y Ol, HERE “RIL” WAH ASAHI RARE BR, AH communication EHS F HG HE “BER LEE “ie”. COIR”. “1R” MAKER ARENA, SREP F HN TRMFKRECMSSAER, CHB SMPRZE RES, CHARS. LE, BES, ER Lae, PE. KES, MPMARAHEARS, DH PAS, APR, FRB ESC A EEF PS AL ERG He FERC EAR, HAREM Rae M. RUSBAWRAR, HPSS SHCAK TREE, B RT ARG, AE MEST RMR, SPRL AMEE, LAR Be ER RAY fe. WM ESEB, HN (CLEMES) RIFSSHVES BS ALE RE feo REXUHEN, SHINER ABERW EE. MM, A, L. Kroeber “j Clyde Kluckhohn # SH OCR SS RR) (Culture : A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions) IBEX MEX MBH fe. BAR BMF 1952 4, AES ADRS HSI, Edward Sapir 9 Benjamin Whorf {THES XKHRARU—VRE, WHE BMTANWHAUARREENEM, REMPRTARNE BR, HREMBRMRSRE, CARERS, B SMR RLS ARE MES, AMAR Ruth Benedict 420 EKA RE EMI BES GENS) (The Chrysanthemum and the Sword) SF HARAMRRMT RAST. MRS RAE A EMA EDL HAMTER PRS Bi, WERE Benedict RIZE. A RRIF (Francis Hou) HH (ABAS HH A—#iR SEZ) (Americans and Chinese: Passage to Differences) $F PRXEMEFMT +O SHER 4 iT. EDESIRER EH SBS SB OSM FR SERRE T AAR, PEROT A TE SE CA Heap AA ORT ORAM oT. HAIR RUBEN, BAO, RRS AKG, REMUS, BHRCKER LHOBER Richard Brislin %f Fi 30 (Selon eA EY ALR ELE, HART STE, ERE HE CRAKE) (Cross-Cultural Encounters) WRT ETE (RPA, HFRS RHA PILE AAR, A IRA A-LINE KER Michael Bond KEEFER KAKSRR, OP PRA NHS OM SSH HH, EEXKDRHAN DAVEE R. WAY A Geert Hof- stede FF HPRALHOBMRS MAR, WHR RSH YEE CCUG) ( Culture’s Consequences) 5G (XMS HR —— TR ATK EY ( Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind). OC(L AUR) 22 (hia A RPE LSS] (IBM) SORE RET ASUS Bea TE HE EE PAX A RE. HE RS RS eR FA, 1991 FMR COWSBSD —H, MPM RET HEA AY BE. TERS LEE PS Be Oe BOR Horry Triandis, Dan Landis SHE ESE EM, BARE ERE BLESS HZA, MTA ANUMADHED. thieBae PRR HS 24 FEHB FS AR ASS, RE 3eie YB A. ERP UCT BO LE William Gudykunst, John Condon, Nemi Jain, Stella Ting-Toomey, Young Yun Kim}, HMMERAFAR, BA SRE RT é, CANZSHRELR, AMEARRT SS. EMBER AER, FIA C.-C. Fries i Robert Jado REM ES IMEI, FRIES BIB AY SCE. Lado $B 1H TE HRA CAV RRRW BR, BBLS SER Nessa Wolfson $F ATF X He Ped 918 a T BCH At Hic Scollon REESE RRAMS RMS, WME AA, BREA Michael Byram #32] 3#4 Ned Seelye, Gail Robinson $3tT 4£9+ BAe P IMTS KT RIAA. APATHY RR Re PEAGRR ARER-MRR RW. ABR, HICEMHREEEARE SE, DREAM CSP a KS Sad, A RARARA. BRERA AK ES RP, AR. HE RENAL, UTERUS BCR RS. ROR RS CHL FT eR A LR At, DART BR. BANC ERTORHL, PHU LARS HB BK, FRAPRARMARERRRS, DMF RE 1 PEHRRKZ, SHONKFOAUFAA AE 1901 ET SUE. AE AAS Sey 350 FRA THER, HEKM 454 HSTRAMAG. RBBAKA 20.0%RRAAS F 1, 10.3 WRB ICL ie fi, 9.7% FS EE, 6 SORES SY, 6.5SMRAREYE fh, S.2%ROLHAR Se, RRRGH SMS. Ae KEITH, ERRAAG—TSP RRA AE AMT RLS, BRRARSOTRE (1.18), HK22 PRK RE MIE Mee (0.74), AP RKB SS (0.69), OME (0.60), BBR (0.45), BRS (0.27), MHS (0.06), EM RR TY AS BER RE AMS SRST, A KEM EHH, EKRBAS, UPRKED ERY. HA SDP. BAS, Bu AES. F395} 1.97 2.24 2.59 2.61 2.77 3,07 3.50 3.59 HE. 1 DARED, RUSHRS, SPARES. RWSSRS. AM ROMER REE AB ARE EKER, UL FRERS. tees. Ed HERE 03 06 -23 aus 13 31 eR aE Rg SE PEE RAE 1. ARE 1.27 0.61 72% 2 Bae 1.51 0.75 48% 3.#a9 1.78 0.81 16% 4. FHKE 1.87 0.85 54% 5. 2.01 0.89 83% 6, Ee 2.01 0.98 38% 7. BOGE 2.25 0.01 66% 8. Bw 2.73 1.03 52% TE: LR, ROR, 5 TRIS, RR.BF PRK 23 WERABZET, RHEE AB KH REHM, AGS ATE OL RE a TK, A Pd A S, ASIA A RRA Ea ARE wae. 1998 2F2E 32 DM Fa eK BE A I SE, RHBABALZN William Hart HEX “BREKRH EM SE ALM” MEB—-TSRASLUCRGA REBAR ARH TR ANAS, HRA RT RESO ET International Journal of Intercultural Relations (IJIR) 1983—1996 ETA) AT TR A CBE AT 3 EH SSE 13,006 A PET, HR Ay ERXKKAPAP RARER, BAKE. PART TFA SEIN, TRA RMA, RR AAHRZANHH, BLERAMA GH, Han RASHES 286) Harman 4 Briggs 1991 4F HT EA AK. KE Han HA, AB CRT Pam Bm Be, FREES. LSPA ARE, SRM ABTT RES CD BSlERS NER) Gudylunst, Triandis, Brislin, Ruben, Hall, Hofstede. Kim, Hammer, Furnham #1 Lendis. 34°29 A RG PAE, RABOBEAR, —ARARTRR. RAY WATT TAB ae Landis & Brislin (eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Train- ing, 1983. Samovar & Porter Ceds.), Intercultural Communication : A Reader, (1972) 1994. Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences, 1980. Brislin, Cross-Cultural Encounters, 1981. Brislin, Cross-Cultural Orientation Programs, 1976. Hall, Beyond Culture, 1976 Brislin, Bochner & Lonner, Cross-Cultural Perspectives on24 KKM EMI Learning, 1975. Triandis Ced.}, Handbook of Cross-Cultural Prychology, 1979. Furnham, Cudture Shock, 1986. Furnham, Cultures in Contact, 1982. PAA EAR TE FART TK, FARM, RTM Y LGD BEM ABRE ES CARE Pe SERED. CLD BA TB Eh, AL en CHER AT RT RARE A. SRE RSH & SRWEA, BA, CRPPERAA- MERA ATA R. AAOHSH ROLE ETE CRA eS FORFAR RAN, OE BA oT ERS CHL SC ee AMEREH AES EME, RATHER A SOE HER SH. PLEA NSU RRA LA ARE Tako Dae HRMS HRM, KKERALTSH, TH LOFALHTEMOES, LATHALMADR HAA RRA GF Aw HR, KGUSLARSARHAR F, VEEL AGPHRALE YD, BXUAREARHG AH KRA, BHA LAVEF, AKA, BKLARMEH SEUKRMFLEE, PLERMFARD RAR 2 + HL, FHSAA SRSA, ALE KW, PER HOH cw FR, JBae RR 25 HRM AREAASPAOAA, CHRBARRATA RF UE, BS TEE. LAB TES RAM RK, CRA-KR-RARGRE ARG. Bom; 1. BXARRS AT APrEERE? 2. ERAT —ALIN EEE IG FR RF A? 3. BRAG ELAM S A ARMA? ATA? 4. BCR RSATARAKK BRS ie ERA A we « Steven Becbe and Thompson Biggers. (1984) The state of the basic course in intercultural communication at U.S. colleges and universities. Ed 246 513. ( “Ed” stands for Eric Documents.) be « Calvin Smith. Teaching intercultural communication on the graduate level. Ed 130 351 - Richard Porter. (1972) An overview of intercultural communication. In Samovar & Porter (eds.) Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 1* edn. Wadsworth Publishing Co. . Michael Argyle. (1988) Intercultural communication. In Samovar and . Porter (eds.) Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 5 edn Wadsworth Publishing Co. IRR: GEAR), BANG, lose F, 228 KEE: WRB MESS RAILA DS, CRE ES Bee AR), 1991 4698 5 $925 FL, 7.@0K: TERRE” BM, CORR EIE EET), 1991 FR 5 on. 8. Robert Harman snd Nancy Briggs. (1991) SIETAR Surveys Perceived au26 ER I ME Contributions of the Social Sciences to Intercultural Communication. In YIR, Vol. 15, pp. 19-28.WS Ril Rae, 27 Booey BARB. Toit eze he oR INE CSTE a. MAES 1. Rh OEM AS RE RLE LA ie EA PP IB A PERKHM A, BOORATARK, DTZRNEKR PE FOURS ORT, Bey eA ULTRA. AG, EME ERLE -TEXRAHAG. EK SRA RY, AUER Et. RM Hees BRR, LARTER, BESS LAT A. A Kh, EMSIRS, BRC HEHZ. BK, CAME SE, RARE. Aen HES HAAR SEE. ERR REORSARERAURTR AME. Ha, WEIL MA RE RATT RR SR, SPR ESM FCA Pe RR. HT RVRASHOVE, HASARAHMEA, BETA BRL WRT HA, Fl, Wee MLM TS eid ALSO eT PERR AS LL, TEL, HARA TAR Hk 2. WF CE AT REE ET IR, RTE HE HE SERRA, RAPER AA. RM LSP28 MRRP RIE SRA E “BARCEL”. “ERE”. “IC “ORCA” SS, RR ATARI “OC” GR, DP ES A SE AGRE ERAT “SU” ARERR, CAA, PLE Ey PG PERT ST Ee, FRE AY BR EA REE. TOTEA TA, BAER ME SCA AR LA EAH REIS, lin, SRR, “CREAR” “OK te, WREATH H—W.” “MZ, MEH. He 1, DEWAR.” AE MRE, Bi, MRR A, SUGAR “eer. RAR PSR #,” CBURDUAR) REF “ORL” ORR 1) ASSES i SE AL BSP Dr le A AM, RRMA, oe. CR. A, AS 2) SALE, RET RAH FR yt. HMM eR. 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