'ÿ

• *
Particle Diameter, microns (/4
(loim.1 tlcm.|
aoooi 0,001 0.01 0.1 l 10 100 1,000 10,000
I
I
i, T.Tr«af.l-
UJ1J4 tHiLl
'iSiil I «'s I asTj'Jl ibLXlilAljj
2
l 1 j ? | 2 3 4 58 8 2 4 B6 B

.. ? 10 100 1,000
I I 5,000 I 1,250. I
10,000
J 2,500 '
625 I
I
I Tyler Screen Mesli
100 48 I ZB 1 114 I 8 | 4
6
V I Hi
Equivalent
Silas Angstrom Units, A Theoretical Mesh
30 BO in
* I -if
m an wo i«o
(Used vary infrequently) „

4
Electromagnetic
Waves
X-Rays Ultraviolet
Visible
, , Solar Radiation
iear Infrared Far infrared Microwaves (Radar, eta)
S I- '

Gas Solid; Fume -Dust -spray

Technical. Dispersoids Liquid: ■Mist
Definitions H
Soil; AllerbeiJ or international SW. Scl.
CUsslIjcailiin 3ystem —Clay •Silt ♦♦—Fine Sand Coarse Sand Gravel -
---
adopied by Internal Sac. Sal Sirica 1934
Common Atmospheric
Dlspersolds
Smog- — Clouds and — «+aMist*drizzl
■*+* Fog Rain «- ;•

-Rosin Smoke-
Smokes-* * - U-rAiertlltzer. Ground Limestone-*
►

-
Tobacco Smoke-«4*- Coal Oust —
i |Oil iFly

and Fumes—
-Metallurgical Dusts I

——
co, C.H. «-*tmrarluiii Chloride Fume Cement Dust—
Cl,
-Beach Sand !•>
fla i
-Carbon Bla Ck1
-
iH.Wi Pulverized Coal -—
—
Molecules' Sulluric Mist

ftT -
.ÿ

H
Paint Pigments H Flotation Ores *)
Typical ParticlBS ■
c so, Zinc Oxide Fume H H— Insecticide Dusts-*
and CO Hrf) HCI C.H,e Cdloiÿl ut- •Ground Talc *i
Gas Dlsparepids Silica Plant
Spray Dried Milk "Spores1
iMolecular diameters OH leu
tram viscosity data at 0"C,
Altken
Nuclei -H
i

Alkali Fum Pollens- r

Milled Flour *i —
(---M
*
it
K—
Combustion
Nuclei
Atmospheric Dust
SEA Salt Nuclei-*)
J
K— Nebulizer Drops -*i
Damaging (
Nozzle Drops j Pneumatic
■Hydraulic Nozzle Props
— *

Red Blood Cell Diameter (Adults)1 7.5/c *03/j

———
--
--
tv. ■Viruses- BACTERIA I
■
»i H *pHuman Haim
1
— implngere- ifoi Sieving-
H Uitramicrosocope
— ■r-Microscope-- * Rimltnes wrap parucla
dlemerer but no sia

--- ---
Electron Microscope •*r
Methods For - dismbuticn.
Particle Size
M -Centrifuge -H* (— Elutriatlon
— ■H *tSua disinbutlon may Da
obtained by special

—
-Ultracentrifuge- •Sedimentation- H calibration,

---
Analysis Turbidimetryÿ

——
4
H
h»
X-Ray
- - OiffractlonM*-
:Adsorption1
--fPermeablllty4
*H Scanners
rt* -Visible to Eve¬
Light Scattering
—
. (Machine Tools (Micrometers, Calipers, eta)-

--
■Nuclei Countsr- Eiectrjcal Conductivity
Ultrasonics
(very limited aiduatrial application)
t*
--- ■■
-4
Centrifugal Separators
-Settling Chambers

-(-Liquid Scubt»ra|-4-
Typei of
— Cloth Collectors

— --—
•H
Gas Cleaning
Equipment
High Efficiency Air Filters
I
Thermal Precipifatlon
(uaad only lor tamping)
Electrical Precipitators—
--
Packed Beds-
«-
*H--
+*ÿ

---
Common Air Filters
mpingement Separators

Mechanical Separators
-*! — H I

Terminal
bi Av¬
ar 2S*c.
Utm.
(teynords Number (O'”
I T
KT" HT” IQ'4. 10'“ 10*'? NT8? ■piny;10-' 10-' 10*. 10' 3, 10*
I f I ? I f I T i I i ? f ? I I
. I !. Ip3
I
10‘
Semilinj Velocity,
Gravitational ur4 10° 10' ioa 103
__
cm/sec. ? ? 1 MliTaib 7 2 3 9 7, I '* 2, 7A 3
Settling’ , III I tit I ill I ill I till lit I I I i

[ ap.gr, 2.0
for spheres,]
_103
In Water
at
25*C

In Air
RaynoM* Number

Swung Vatoctty.
un/uo.
ur“io-" IO*?3 tar*
. 10"
i 4
* » »7?J 8llO’8
10 1(T®
i , ur3“ icr“
f i
10‘* 10‘‘ 10*5
i ? l_i L_i Lx
-i
ltr-»
ii

, 23 8 1(T7 10",\ 4Q\\ , IO-4 io-3 , icr2

>ii I t t i| i ill
i

w1 9 8
* 2 3 5,2
i
——
I'*?? I I
ft
??? 1I i | t I tit
10°, 10',
lii,

ffii
!I 3
10 ,
l

M
1
i

Z
i
3
L_

iti
4 f B9
I 6TIII
10*:
f
,

Particle DHfualen
Coefficient’
at2S’C.
Jitm. . 13 2
it
1?
I
5 3 2,
iii I
10-8512*,
10‘L»32*,
ii 1 til
1(T?
I 537,
832
10"4
8 3 2
T > i I lit 1 IIT
10"
‘U
654 !
I II i i 3
10“5
, 6
10“ 7
6 5*3
III l *.
10'
I
8

»1* zi
lO*"«Mi
f titi
ZI .
|
10
10“654 J
1 I I I i
10-11[
In Water
cm*/*o°- at icr5 JO'8. 10-“ •11 13

•SbjhnCunningttam
4 3
-
i
2
1 II I Ml
2 J 466 5
4 3
i i

T
2
t
9 4 96 61 2 94 «6 9
.Tnt' . i-rl‘li)|!
, 4 3
I !
'I‘I
Z
2
I
,
9 4 91 I
6543 3

] 294 96 8
65*32
i 1 ,n-
2 3 4 86 B »• I *
u_ 10WHI)4 S', rWlM
III
2 3 4 a
10“ 65 4
i 1 66 a I
o6 i
3
fill
a
2
I
;
i
factor included 1o 0.0001 0.001 OOl 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 1
valuta given for air Om/.) <Imm.i item)
but not Included lot meter Particle Diameter, microns I/O TOfwttQ yet urru i
;;

FIGURE 8.1
1

-
Sizes and characteristics of airborne particles, (From C. E. Lapple, Stanford Res. Inst. Jour., Vol. 5, p. 94
(Third Quarter 1961). Reprinted by permission). <6 I
 (1 angstrom) Particle diameter, microns (jtim) ( l mm)
0.000 1 0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100 1000 10.000
3 Solid: Fume Dust
Technical 3§
definitions O «
Mist Spray
Common
Atmospheric
•I
F- Smog
Clouds
and fog >
Mist
1
—
Drizkle
Rain->-
dlispersoids
Fertilizer,
Oil smokes Ground limestone
Fly ash
i
Coal dust'— >ÿ
Tobacco smoke |
Metallurgical dusts and fumes
Cement . . Beach
Carbon black [dust sand
\ (-ÿ-Pulverized coal-H
Typical
particles
—
Common gas
H
Paint pigments
H

--
molecules Insecticide \ Diameter of
and
dusts human hair
gas Combution (-< -Ground talc-H
dispersoids ? Pollens
nuclei
<
Attken
*
Milled flour-H
% nuclei
-Atmospheric dust [H Red blood
, Sea salt , Lung-
1 nuclei damaging* cell diameter
dus (adults): 7.5 jjan
Viruses *
H— -Bacteria

Ultrasonics-- -separators
-Settling chambers
I -
Types of
Centrifugal
Liquid scrubbers -
- Cloth collectors 1
gas cleaning
equipment — High-efficiency air filters
— H
Common air filters
Mechanical

0.0001 0.001 0.01

Electrostatic-precipitators
l
0.1 I 10
—
separators
H I
100 1000 10,000
(I angstrom) (1 mm)

FIGURE 7-2
C haracteristics of particles and particle dispersoids. {Source: Lapple, 1951.)