Tests Involving Paired Differences

PAIRED T 50 POINTS

Given
Computation
Karlsruhe method Lehigh Method
S1/1 1.186 1.061 d1 0.125
S2/1 1.151 0.992 d2 0.159
S3/2 1.322 1.063 d3 0.259
S4/1 1.339 1.062 d4 0.277
S5/1 1.200 1.065 d5 0.135
S2/1 1.402 1.178 d6 0.224
S2/2 1.365 1.037 d7 0.328
S2/3 1.537 1.086 d8 0.451
5POINTS
S2/4 1.559 1.052 d9 0.507

2.465
sample mean of differences

n
1
d 
n
j 1
d j

5 points
1
d  ( 2 . 465 )  0 . 274
9
 5 POINTS
sample standard deviation

274
. 0  125
. 0(

D1 D2 D3
0.125 0.159 0.259
0.274 0.274 0.274
^2 0.022 0.013 0.000
Summat 0.146
Divide by 8 0.018 0.135

sample standard deviation

1
1
 n 1 n  2
2

  (d j    d j  
2  1 2
2
 0.821151 - ( 2.465) 
 j 1 n  j 1   9
Sd       0.1351
 n 1   9  1 
   
 

D1 D2 D3
0.125 0.159 0.259
0.015625 0.025281 0.067081

0.82115
0.821

3 POINTS

H 0 :  d  0
H 1 :  d 0  0
 H 0 :  d  0
H 1 :  d 0  0

Criteria For Rejection

t 0  t ,n 1
2

t 0  t 0 . 025 ,9 1

For  0.05
t 0.025,8  2.306 2 POINTS

The computed value for the paired t-test statistic is

d
t 0  d  0.2739
S d / n
0 . 2739 Sd 0.13510
t 0 
0 . 1351
n 9
9
t 0  6 . 082
5POINTS

t O  6 . 082

t 0  t 0 . 025 ,8

6 . 082  2 . 306 reject Ho , so there is an eviden

in mean performance between

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL
 Using Paired data a 95 percent confidence interval on M1-M2 is
5POINTS

d   t 0 .025 , 8 s d / n
 0 . 2739  ( 2 . 306 )( 0 . 1351 ) / 9
 0 . 2739  0 . 1038

5 POINTS
Using Pooled or independent Analysis a 95 percent confidence inte

1 1
Y1  Y 2  t 0 . 025 , 8 S p 
n1 n2

5 POINTS
In getting Sp, solve sample variance for each treatment
5 POINTS
Karlsruhe method Lehigh Method
n S1/1 1.186 1.061
 (y
i 1
1  y) 2 S2/1 1.151 0.992
S 2
 S3/2 1.322 1.063
n 1 S4/1 1.339 1.062
 S5/1 1.200 1.065
S2/1 1.402 1.178
S2/2 1.365 1.037
S2/3 1.537 1.086
S2/4 1.559 1.052
Sample Variance 12.061 9.596
Y 1.340
5 POINTS Y2 1.066
1

For Karlsruhe method

(1.186  1.340) 2
 (1.151  1.340) 2  (1.322  1.340) 2  (1.339  1.340) 2  (1.200  1.340 2 )  (1.402  1.340) 2  (1.3
S 12 
9 1
 0.146
S1/1 S2/1 S3/2 S4/1 S5/1 S2/1
-0.154 -0.189 -0.018 -0.001 -0.140 0.062
^2 ### 0.03576301 ### 0.00000123 0.01963112 0.00383023
###
divide 8 0.02133
 0.146

For Lehigh Method

s 22  (1 . 061  1 . 066 ) 2  ( 0 .992  1 .066 ) 2  (1 . 063  1 .066 ) 2  (1 .062  1 .066 ) 2  (1 . 065  1 .066 ) 2  (1 . 178  1 .066 ) 2  (1 . 037
9 1
 0 .0494
S1/1 S2/1 S3/2 S4/1 S5/1 S2/1
-0.005 -0.074 -0.003 -0.004 -0.001 0.112
^2 ### 0.005509 ### 0.000018 0.000001 0.012494
###
divide 8 0.00244
0.0494

Estimate of the common variance

( n1  1) S 12  ( n 2  1) S 22
s 2
p 
n1  n 2  2
(9  1) 0 .146  (9  1) 0 .0494
S p2 
992
 0 .03126

S1 S2
8 0.021 8 0.0024

0.19011
16

Sample standard variance 0.01188

sample standard deviation 0.109

1 1
Y1  Y 2  t 0 . 025 ,8 S p 
n1 n 2
1 1
1 . 340  1 . 066  2 . 306 ( 00 . 03126 ) 
9 9
0 . 274  0 . 11850

Y1 Y2 Sp
1.340 1.066 2.306 0.109 0.471404521
0.274 0.11849329
 Rica Navarro:
Tests Involving Paired Differences

Data pairs occur naturally in many settings:

Before and after measurements on the same
observation after a treatment.
Be sure to have a definite and uniform method for
creating pairs of data points.

Advantages
Advantages to Using Paired Data
•Reduces the danger of extraneous or uncontrollable variables
•Theoretically reduces measurement variability.
•Increases the accuracy of statistical conclusions.

S
Testing for Differences
•We take the difference between each pair of data points.
0.274 –Denoted by d
d 
•We then test the average difference against the Student’s
COMPUTATION
 1
2  2) d n 
  dj(  
 1  j 
   S
1  n d
 
 
 

 S
1  9 d
135
. 0  Sd

D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
0.277 0.135 0.224 0.328 0.451 0.507
0.274 0.274 0.274 0.274 0.274 0.274
0.000 0.019 0.002 0.003 0.031 0.054

D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
0.277 0.135 0.224 0.328 0.451 0.507
0.076729 0.018225 0.050176 0.107584 0.203401 0.257049

0.821 0.111 6.076

8.000

0.821 0.675 0.018 0.135

8.000
NTS

6.082

so there is an evidence to support a claim that there is a difference

rformance between two methods.
rval on M1-M2 is
TS

cent confidence interval on M1-M2 IS

ehigh Method

 (1.402  1.340) 2  (1.365  1.340) 2  (1.537  1.340) 2  (1.559  1.340 2 )

S2/2 S2/3 S2/4

0.025 0.197 0.219
0.00061946 0.03876523 0.04791235
 (1 .178  1 . 066 ) 2  (1 .037  1 .066 ) 2  (1 . 086  1 . 066 ) 2  (1 .052  1 . 066 ) 2

S2/2 S2/3 S2/4

-0.029 0.020 -0.014
0.000854 0.000391 0.000202
ntrollable variables

pair of data points.

gainst the Student’s t distribution.