Biology U-3 chapter 1 FRScience Bot

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$u;g;Gk; mq;ffspd; gy;tifikAk;

-Evolution & Diversity of Organism-

capupd; cw;gj;jp

 cyfpy; capu; Njhd;Wjy; gw;wp gy nfhs;iffs; cs;sd. mit

1. rpwg;Gg; gilg;Gf; nfhs;if OR tpNஷl cw;gj;jpf; nfhs;if

 capupdq;fs; ahTk; flTspdhy; gilf;fg;gl;lit.
 NjitNaw;gbd; flTs; Gjpa capupdq;fisAk; cUthf;Fthd;.

2. gpusaf; nfhs;if OR rLjp khw;wf; Nfhl;ghL

 flTs; capupdq;fisg; gilf;fpwhd; gpd; gpusaq;fs; %yk;
mtw;iw mopf;fpwhd; mijj; njhlu;e;J kPz;Lk; capupdq;fisg;
gilg;ghd.;
 gilf;fg;gl;l capupdq;fs; Kd;G ,Ue;jijg; Nghy; OR
Ntwhditahff; fhzg;gLk;.

3. jd;dpr;irg; gpwg;Gf; nfhs;if

 capuw;wtw;wpypUe;J capupdq;fs; jhdhfj; Njhd;Wk;.
 ,jid Kjd; Kjypy; Fransisco Redi vDk; capupayhsu;
gpionad ep&gpj;jhu;.
 njhlu;e;J Gfo; ngw;w md;df; fOj;J FLitr; Nrhjid %yk;
Lewis Pasteure vDk; capupayhsu; gpionad ep&gpj;jhu;.
 Lassaro Splenzani vDk; capupayhsUk; ,f; nfhs;ifia
gpionad ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;.

4. mz;lntspf; Nfhl;ghL
 mz;lntspapy; capupdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; Gtpapy;
fhzg;gltpy;iy.
 mz;lntspapapy; fhzg;gLk; capupdq;fs; tpz;fw;fspD}lhf
OR tpz;fyq;fspD}f Gtpia te;jile;jpUf;fyhk;.
 ,yq;ifapd; %j;j tpQ;Qhdpahd Syril Ponnamperuma
,f;Nfhl;ghl;il ek;gpdhu;.

5. epiyahd ,Ug;Gf; nfhs;if

 Gtpapy; capu; Njhd;wtpy;iy khwhf fhyhfhykhf Gtpapy;
capu; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

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6. ,aw;if mwpQu; Nfhl;ghL OR ,urhadf; $u;g;Gf; nfhs;if OR

Nrjdf; $u;g;Gf; nfhs;if
 ,JNt ,d;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l fUj;jhFk;.
 vdNt Vida nfhs;iffis gpionad ep&gpf;fr; nra;j
nfhs;ifahFk;.
 A.I Oparin, J.B.S Haldane Mfpa capupayhsu;fshy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ.
 Miller, Uray MfpNahuhy; gupNrhjid %yk; ep&gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

G+kpapy; capu;tho;tjw;F cjTk; epge;jidfs;

1. G+kp ngupaJkpy;iy rpwpaJkpy;iy vdNt epyTk; GtpaPu;g;G

tpir mjpfKkpy;iy FiwTkpy;iy. vdNt jw;NghJs;s
tspkz;lyk; Ngzg;gLfpwJ. GtpaPu;gG ; tpir $bdhy;
tspkz;lyk; gbe;JtpLk;. GtpaPu;g;G tpir Fiwe;jhy;
tspkz;lyk; ,Uf;fhJ.

2. G+kp #upadpypUe;J njhiytpYkpy;iy mz;ikapYkpy;iy

,jdhy; capu; tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd ePu; Gtpapy;
fhzg;gLtJld; xspj;njhFg;Gf;fhd #oYk; epyTfpwJ.

tspkz;lyj;jpYs;s O3 gilahdJ jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba Ultra

violet rays fis tbf;fpwJ.

CO2, H2O vd;gd tspkz;lyj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhy; Vw;gLk; gr;ir

tPl;L tpisT Gtpapd; ntg;gepiyapy; ngUkstpy; jsk;gy;fs;
Vw;glhky; ghJfhf;fpwJ.

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SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligents)

 Qhapw;Wj; njhFjpapy; G+kpahdJ 3 MtJ ngupa fpufkhFk;.

 ,jpy; 3.5 gpy;ypad; (350 Nfhb) tUlq;fshf capupdq;fs;

tho;fpd;wd.

 ,t; capupdq;fs; tho rpy epge;jidfs; cjTfpd;wd.

 vkJ Qhapw;Wj; njhFjpapy; NtW ,lq;fspy; capupdq;fs;

,y;iy.

 vdpDk; ,g; gpugQ;rj;jpy; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; vkJ GtpapYs;s

epge;jidfs; fhzg;glyhk;.

 mt;thwhd ,lq;fspy; capupdq;fs; epr;rakhf tho;fpd;wd.

 mit ek;ik tpl Ez;zwpT $badthf OR Fiwe;jdthff;

fhzg;glyhk;.

 ,t;thW Ez;zwpT $ba ,dq;fSld; njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;j

cUthf;fg;gl;l jpl;lNk SETI MFk;.

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G+kpapd; Njhw;wk;

1. Rkhu; 5 gpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd; GtpNah my;yJ

cLj;njhFjpNah fhzg;gltpy;iy.
2. ntWkNd mz;lntspAk; mjpy; J}RfSk; Kfpy;fSk; khj;jpuNk
fhzg;gl;lJ.
3. mz;lntspapy; J}RfSk; Kfpy;fSk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W Ntfkhf
Nkhjpajd; tpisthf Rkhu; 4.5 gpy;ypad; (450 Nfhb) tUlq;fSf;F
Kd;ghf G+kpapy; G+kprhu; Qhapw;Wj; njhFjp Njhd;wpaJ.

4. Njhd;wpa GtpahdJ Rkhu; 3000o c ntg;gepiy cilajhf

,Ue;jJ.

5. ,g; G+kpapd; (Mjp) tspkz;lyj;jpy; H2O, CO2, NH3, Nghky;bifl;L

Nghd;w thAf;fNs fhzg;gl;lJ.

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6. ,t;tspkz;lyj;jpy; O2 fhzg;glhikahy; jho;j;Jk; tspkz;lyk;

vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.

7. GtpahdJ Cosmic cooling effection %yk; xLq;fpajhy; ePuhtp xLq;fp

kioahfg; nghope;J Gtpapy; rKj;jpuq;fs; Njhd;wpd.
8. ,jd; NghJ tspkz;lyj;jpy; thAf; $Wfs; kio ePupy; fiue;J
rKj;jpuq;fspy; milay; Mfpd.

9. milayhfpa ,f;$W J.B.S Haldane ,dhy; Primordial soup

(Mjpf;$o;) vdg; ngauplg;gl;lJ.

10. Primordial soup ,ypUe;J Coasavate vDk; kj;jpapy; Nuclic acid ck;
#o KjYU nkd;rt;it xj;j fl;likg;gpidf; nfhz;l
fl;likg;Gf;fSk; Njhd;wpd.

11. Coasavate fspypUe;J Rkhu; 3.5 gpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;ghf

KjyhtJ capu; Gtpapy; Njhd;wpaJ.

12. ,J Eubacteriam isolatum vdg; ngauplg;gl;lJ

13. ,J xU
1. ,urhad gpwNghrizf;Fupa gw;wPupah MFk;
2. fhw;wpd;wpa Rthrj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lJ
3. ,U$w;Wg; gpsT %yk; ,dk;ngUf;fpaJ.
4. rKj;jpuq;fspNy fhzg;gl;lJ.

14. 2.9 gpy;ypad; tUlq;Sf;F Kd;G 1tJ ,urhad

jw;Nghrizf;Fupa gw;wPupah Njhd;wpaJ.

15. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J 2.7 gpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;

xspj;jw;Nghrizf;Fupa gw;wPupah Njhd;wpaJ.

16. ,jdhy; 2.7 gpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd; jho;j;Jk;

tspkz;lykhapUe;j tspkz;lyk; xl;rpNaw;Wk; tspkz;lykhf
khwpaJ.

17. 1.5 gpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd; KjyhtJ Rtl;L Eukaryota fs;

Njhd;wpaJ.

18. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J 0.7 gpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd; rKj;jpuj;jpy;

Protista fspdJk; Invertibrata fspdJk; (Ks;se;jz;bypfs;)
gy;tifkik Vw;gl;lJ.

19. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; Gtpapy;/ rKj;jpuj;jpy; Trilobites (Mj;jpug;Nghlh)

Ammonoids (nkhy];fh) vd;gd Ml;rpahdjha; ,Ue;jJ.
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20. ,jd; gpd;duhd fhyg;gFjpapy; rKj;jpuj;jpy; njhlu;r;rpahd

,aw;ifahd NguopTfs; Vw;gl;ld.

21. ,jd; Ngwhf 480 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;ghf jiuf;F Kjd;

Kjyhf jhtuq;fs; (Bryophyta) FbNawpd.

22. jhtuq;fisj; njhlu;e;J 420 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;ghf

jiuf;F tpyq;Ffs; (Amphibia) FbNawpd.

23. 280 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;ghf jiuapy; Reptilia fs;

cUthfpd.

24. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J 195 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;ghf Aves

fSk; Mammalia fSk; $u;g;gile;jd.

25. 65 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;ghf Gtpapy; ,Wjpg; NguopT

ele;jJ.

26. ,jd; NghJ Dinosaurs, Ammonoids, gwf;Fk; efUapu; Nghd;wd

Kw;whf mope;jd.

27. 10 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; Homo rhjp Njhd;wpaJ.

28. Rkhu; 5 kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; Sapiens (kdpj ,dk;)

Njhd;wpaJ.

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Ammonoids Dinosaurs

Summary

4.5 Gtp
3.5 KjyhtJ capu;
2.9 ,urhad jw;Nghrzp
bya 2.7 xspj; jw;Nghrzp
2.7 xl;rpNaw;Wk; tspkz;lyk;
1.8 1tJ Eukaryota
1.2 Protista (Red Algae) + Invertibrata
0.7 Trilobites + Ammonites Ml;rp
480 1tJ jiuj; jhtuk;
420 1tJ jiu tpyq;F
mya 280 Reptilia
195 Aves + Mammalia
65 ,Wjpg; NguopT
lya 10 Homo
05 Sapiens

 mq;fpfspd; $u;g;gpd; %yk; Gtpapy; 30 kpy;ypad; ,dq;fs;

Njhd;wpAs;sd.

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,dk;

John Ray vDk; capupayhsuhy; ,dk; vDk; gjk; mwpKfk;

nra;ag;gl;lJ.

mNef ,ay;Gfspy; jk;Ks; xj;Jk; xU rpy ,ay;GfspNyDk;

Vidatw;wpypUe;J NtWgl;L ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfspy; jk;Ks;
,dq;fye;J tskhd vr;rq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;ff; $baJkhd
jdpad;fspd; $l;lk; ,dk; vdg;gLk;.

,dq;fspd; $u;g;G njhlu;ghd nfhs;iffs;

gpujhdkhf ,U NtW tifahd nfhs;iffis ,U NtW
cw;gj;jpahsu;fshy; Kd; itf;fg;gl;ld. mit
1. Lamark ,d; $u;g;Gf; nfhs;if
2. Charles Darwin ,d; $u;gG
; f; nfhs;if

1.Lamarck ,d; $u;gG

; f; nfhs;if

 Kjd; Kjyhf rhd;WfSld; $u;g;Gf; fUj;ijf; $wpatuhthu;.

 ,tu; jdJ nfhs;ifia 4 jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; tpsf;fpAs;shu;

1. Njit/ csj;J}z;ly;
2. cgNahfk;
3. cgNahfkpd;ik
4. jiyKiwAupik

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Njit/ csj;J}z;ly;
 #oypy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; mq;fpfspy; Njitfis
cUthf;Ffpd;wd. OR mq;fpfspd; tbtj;ijj; jPu;khdpf;Fk;.

 ,jd; fhuzkhf mq;fpfs; tsu;e;J xU Fwpj;j fhy vy;iy

tiu jk;kpy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;.

cgNahfk;/ cgNahfkpd;ik
 Xu; mq;fp njhlu;r;rpahf gad;gLj;jhj clw;ghfk; typik
kpFe;jjhfTk; OR gUkdpy; ngupjhfTk; khWk;.
c+k; - Giraffe ,d; fOj;Jk; Kd;dq;fhy;fSk; gUkdpy;
ngupjhf tpUj;jpailfpd;wd.

 Xu; mq;fp njhlu;r;rpahf gad;gLj;jhj clw;ghfk; mt; mq;fpapy;

gbg;gbahf tpUj;jp Fd;wp gjhq;f epiy mile;J ,Wjpapy;
,of;fg;gLk;.
c+k; - ghk;Gfs; fhy;fis ,oe;jd.

ngw;w ,ay;Gfs; jiyKiwAupik miljy;

 xU jdpad; jdJ csj;J}z;lyhy; OR Kaw;rpahy; jdJ
tho;ehspy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w ,ay;Gfs; ,df; fyg;gpd; %yk;
mLj;J mLj;Js;s re;jjpfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLk;.
c+k; 1 - ePz;l fOj;J Kd;dq;fhy; cia xl;lfr; rptpq;fpfs;
jk;Ks; ,dq;fye;j Ngwhf ePz;l fOj;J Kd;dq;fhy; cila
Gjpa vr;rq;fs; Njhd;wpd.

c+k; 2 – fhy;fs; ,oe;j ghk;Gfs; jk;Ks; ,dq;fye;j

Njhd;wpa vr;rq;fs; ahTk; fhy;fs; mw;wjhfNt ,Ue;jd.

Lamarck ,d; Nfhl;ghl;bd; FiwghLfs;

 #oypUe;J ngw;w ,ay;Gfs; re;jjp re;jjpahf xU NghJk;

jiyKiw miltjpy;iy.

 vdNt Lamark $WtJ Nghy; jkJ Kaw;rpahy;/ cgNahfj;jhy;

ngwg;gLfpd;w/ cgNahfkpd;ikahy; ,of;fg;gLk; ,ay;Gfs;
re;jjp re;jjpahff; flj;jg;gl khl;lhJ.

 vdNt Lamark ,d; fUj;Jf;fs; gpioahdit MFk;.

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2.Charles Darwin ,d; $u;gG

; f; nfhs;if

 Charles Darwin vDk; capupayhsuhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ.

 ,Nj fhyg; gFjpapy; ,Nj tifahd fUj;Jf;fs; Alfred Wallace

vDk; capupayhsuplk; ,Ue;jd.

 Charles Darwin jdJ fUj;Jf;fis 5 jiyg;Gfspd; fPo;

tpsf;fpdhu;.
1. kpifAw;gj;jp
2. khwy;
3. Nghl;b/ tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lk;
4. jf;fz gpioj;jy;
5. ,aw;ifj; Nju;T

kpifAw;gj;jp
 xU ,dj;jpd; jdpad;fs; ,dg;ngUf;fk; %yk; ngUksT Gjpa
vr;rq;fis cUthf;fpd.
c+k; – xl;lfr;rptpq;fpfs; ,ypq;fKiw ,dg;ngUf;fk; %yk;
ngUksT vr;rq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd.

khwy;
 Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l vr;rq;fs; ngUksT khwy;fisf; fhz;gpj;jd.
c+k; – xl;lfr;rptpq;fpfspd; fOj;jpd; gUkd; ntt;NtW
msTfspy; fhzg;gl;ld.

Nghl;b/ tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lk;

 czTf;fhf/ thoplj;jpw;fhf/ ,ypq;f NrhbfSf;fhf
mq;fpfspilNa eilngWk; tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lNk Nghl;b
vdg;gLk;.

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 xNu ,dj; jdpad;fspilNa Nghl;b kpf mjpfstpy;

fhzg;gLk;.
c+k; – ntt;NtW gUkDila fOj;Jf; nfhz;l
xl;lfr;rptpq;fpfspilNa czTf;fhfg; Nghl;b Vw;gl;lJ.

jf;fz gpioj;jy;
 tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd ,ay;Gila mq;fpfNs
ntw;wpaPl;b jg;gp thOk;. ,JNt jf;fz gpioj;jy; MFk;.
c+k; – xl;lfr;rptpq;fpapy; czTf;fhd Nghl;bapd; NghJ ePz;l
fOj;Jila xl;lfr;rptpq;fpfs; khj;jpuk; jg;gpg;gpioj;jd.

,aw;ifj; Nju;T
 Nghl;bapy; jg;gpg;gpioj;j mq;fpNa Gtpapy; njhlu;e;Jk; capu;
thOk;. ,JNt ,aw;ifj; Nju;T vdg;gLk;.
 c+k; – ePz;l fOj;Jila xl;lfr;rptpq;fpfs; Gtpapy;
epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

Darwin, Wallace MfpNahupd; cz;ikfspd; tpsf;fk;.

 xU Fbj;njhifiag; nghWj;jtiu mq;Fs;s jdpad;fs; cau;

,dg;ngUf;f Mw;wy; cs;sit. vdpDk; mf;Fbj;njhifapYs;s
jdpad;fspd; vz;zpf;if khWtjpy;iy Vnddpy; mNef
jdpad;fs; ,dk;ngUf;Fk; fhyk; tiu thohJ ,wf;fpd;wd.

 czT, thoplk;, ,ypq;fr; Nrhb vd;gtw;Wf;fhf xU

Fbj;njhifapd; jdpad;fspilNa ghupa Nghl;b Vw;gLk;.
,g;Nghl;b mtw;wpy; ,aw;ifahfj; Njhd;Wfpd;w khwy;fs;
%yk; jg;gp tho cjTk;.

Darwin fUj;Jf;fspYs;s FiwghLfs;

 khwy;fs; Njhd;Wk; tpjk; gw;wp mtu; tpsf;ftpy;iy.

 jiyKiwAupik milAk; tpjk; gw;wp mtu; tpsf;ftpy;iy

 Fwpj;j rpy ,ay;Gfs; Fwpj;j xU tifg; ghYf;Fupa

mq;fpfspy; kl;Lk; fhzg;gLk;. ,J njhlu;ghfTk; mtu;
tpsf;ftpy;iy

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Darwin, Lamarck MfpNahupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,ilapyhd NtWghLfs;

 Darwin ,d; fUj;Jg;gb khwy;fs; ,aw;ifahfj; Njhd;Wk;.

Mdhy; Lamarck ,d; fUj;Jg;gb mq;fpfspy; Kaw;rpapd;
fhuzkhf/ Kaw;rpapd;ikapd; fhuzkhf khwy;fs; Njhd;Wk;
vd;gu;.

 Darwin ,d; fUj;Jfspd; gb njd;gLk; khwy;fs; rpwpait.

Mdhy; Lamarck ,d; fUj;Jg;gb khwy; njhlu;ghd njspthd
Fwpg;Gfs; ,y;iy

Darwin ,d; ,aw;ifj; Nju;Tf; nfhs;if

 mq;fpfs; mjpfsT ,dg;ngUf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.

 mq;fpfspilNa rpwpa khwy;fs; njd;gLfpd;wd. mq;fpfspilNa

epyTk; tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd ,ay;Gilait
jg;gpg; gpiof;Fk;. jg;gpg; gpioj;jit jk;Ks;
,dk;ngUf;FtJld; Gjpa re;jjpfSf;F khwy; ,ay;igf;
flj;Jk;.

 khwy; ,ay;Gfs; gbg;gbahf Gjpa ,dj;jpd; Mf;fj;jpy;

gq;Nfw;Fk;

Next
Diversity of Organism

,e;j Gj;jfj;jpy; VNjDk; gpiofs; ,Ug;gpd; jaT nra;J nlypfpuhk;

FOtpy; mwpaj;juTk;

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