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ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Global trends among ship owner and designer for a ship able to operate through low
carbon emission in conjunction to reduce the oil consumption and minimise the
environmental impact (Ozturk, 2013) is a major call for innovation in ship design. Tendency
to reduce operation cost of ship seeing the downturn of shipping industry in recent years and
soaring price of oil in the future (CNBC, 2018) is the pivotal justification. It would create
imbalance in ship owner’s account if no or less fine action apprehend.
The financial, legislation and environmental motive is principle justification for the
numerous researches to resolve the technical and operational measure issues entangle the
shipping industries related to fuel efficiency and emission reduction. Several approach
surfaced from the numbers of researches conduct with dualistic effort to optimise fuel
efficiency and significantly reduce emission –with an outlook to reduce operation cost
through less fuel consumption. Researcher was confined to several variables influencing the
energy efficiency as in FIGURE 1.
Ozturk (2013) identifies two segments of overall efficiency of the vessel which are power
and propulsion system efficiency and hull efficiency. Engine maintenance performance and
propeller fouling are among the factor affect the former and environment, water condition,
hull fouling, trim and draft are the other factor fashioned the latter. Advancement in
technology have had seen operational efficiency of vessel significantly improve to a great
degree as the latter define. Hull optimisation, alternative propulsion, voyage planning and
reduction of hull resistance are all implemented and continuously improved while many other
findings are in the tunnel to materialise. On the other hand, a group of researchers found an
alternative to reduce oil consumption through reduction of total resistance which significantly
improve the ship powering (Bouckaert et al., 2016). The idea with a patterned name, Hull
Vane, is a hydrofoil mounted horizontally below the stern of the vessel which the flow
around the hydrofoil develop a lift force including forward thrust force –as of the concern
throughout the report.
Limited studies conducted in favour to identify the impact of foil design and positioning of
Hull Vane to a significant reduction of total resistance. And yet to present a study conducted
to identify the impact of foil design and positioning of Hull Vane to a significant reduction of
propulsive power and improve the thrust efficiency.
Thus, its a major call to conduct a study on impact from foil design and positioning of
Hull Vane toward reduction total resistance, propulsive power and improve the thrust
efficiency.
A numbers of fin from NACA series will be studied as Hull Vane with chord length up to
1 m. Maximum camber is made up 4% of the cord length –about 0.4 m. Maximum fin
thickness estimated at 0.12 m attached to the rear of the leading edge at 0.4 m.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The project is an attempt to implement the Hull Vane onto a vessel. Its aims are:
a) To study the impact of patrol vessel’s current implied fin and its positioning to
reduction toward total resistance, excessive resistance and wave resistance.
b) To study the impact of patrol vessel’s current implied fin and its positioning to
reduction of propulsive power and improve the thrust efficiency.
This purpose of study is to determine the result imposed at vessel’s thrust power and
coefficient of thrust efficiency from the position and design of Hull Vane. Thus, the study
needs to assess comprehensively the decision of positioning and designing the Hull Vane to
total resistance, excessive resistance and wave resistance.
Jika hasil dari kajian ini berpotensi untuk dimajukan, adalah dicadangkan untuk sebuah
prototaip dibina berskala sebenar dan ujian
laut dijalankan bagi tujuan demonstrasi. Bot yang dicadangkan sudah ada iaitu sebuah bot
sepanjang 15m hasil peninggalan dari
projek lampau biayaan Kementerian Sains dan Teknologi (MOSTI) dari tahun 2009 hingga
2010. Walaubagaimanapun, bot
tersebut perlu dibaikpulih dari aspek pembelian enjin baru sehinggalah pada proses mengecat
semula badan kapal. Hull Vane
tersebut boleh dipasang dengan mengadakan ‘bracket’ pada buritan kapal.
At large, the impact of this project would be felt within vessel sector in the country with
mean of reducing the fuel consumption. Projek ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan dan diguna
pakai didalam sekto perkapalan dalam negara. Sektor perkapalan
yang dimaksudkan itu menrangkumi pengunaan kapal militer, kapal kargo dan juga kapal-
kapal nelayan. Pelbagai sektor
perkapalan kerajaan boleh mengadaptasi teknologi inovasi ini kepada kapal-kapal dibawah
kendalian masing-masing seperti dari
TLDM, APMM, Polis Marin dan juga Bomba. Jika hasil kajian ini memperolehi keputusan
yang memberangsangkan, adalah
dipercayai dapat mengurangkan pembelanjaan kerajaan terhadap kos bahanapi yang
mencecah berjutaan ringgit setiap tahun.
The ongoing quest to save the environment and gradually stringent regulation of fuel
consumption policy have had sent researchers to many areas to study the possibilities from
engine efficiency, propulsion efficiency, alternative sustainable sources of power, to the
lowering of the resistance of the hull. While the latter is the concerned area throughout this
studies. Several remarkable works has had been conducted in these area as the emergence of
bulbous bow as the classic example to the contemporary of Hull Vane. The former is suitable
for displacement hull while the latter –and its type –is suitable for planning hull.
Hull Vane and its predecessor invention; interceptors, stern wedges and stern flaps are
contrasted in term of highest total resistance, less propulsive power and improved thrust
efficiency. These energy-saving device are identified as appendage (Larsson & Raven, 2010)
since it was attached to the hull of the ship to alter the flow around and thus increase the total
frictional drag from the wetted surface (Shiju, Kareem, et al, 2012). It explains a proper
knowledge is vital for the designer while considering the precise location and angle of the
device to optimise the results.
In this part all these devices are assessed through four designated parameter which highly
influenced the total resistance –with consequential of propulsive power and thrust efficiency.
Those four parameter are.... THE TRUST FORCE, TRIM REDUCTION, REDUCTION IN
WAVES FORMATION and POSITIONING AND SPEED OF SHIP
Streamline across the ship’s hull was designed in purpose to create favourable
pressure gradient so that it encounters minimum resistance to forward motion. However, due
to recent environmental concerns which gradually adapt to operational requirement and
policy, certain add-on imposed to ship hull alongside the streamline body to improve the
manouverabilty, seakeping strength and effective resistance reduction.
Hull Vane is an inclined foil plugged in to the transom, below the waterlines, of a ship at
particular degree and is fixed in its position (Uithof, Oossanen, et al, 2016). At this position,
it able to develop a lift force and forward thrust force from the surrounding flow which
directly influence the reduction of trim and total resistance.
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
c) Fin from NACA series will be study as Hull Vane with chord length up to 1 m.
Maximum camber is made up 4% of the cord length –about 0.4 m. Maximum fin
thickness estimated at 0.12 m attached to the rear of the leading edge at 0.4 m.
d) Monohull boat from previous project of The Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation (MOSTI) in collaboration with UniKL Mimet will be used. Boat
parameters are identified as in TABLE 1.
REFERENCES
https://theconversation.com/the-urgency-of-curbing-pollution-from-ships-explained-
94797
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data
https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/24/oil-prices-set-to-soar-ahead-of-shipping-
revolution.html
https://sputniknews.com/business/201805171064553815-oil-prices-rules-ship/
APPENDICES