Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude towards respected Principal, Er. Sujan Maka and
Head of department Er. Amit Shankar Ranjit, Khwopa Engineering College, for their
every effort in arranging favorable ambience to handle such a very important project. We
will always commemorate them and expect their supports in future.
We have a great sense of gratitude towards our supervisor Er. Rameswor Shrestha, Head
of Department, Khowpa College of Engineering, for his extraordinary guidance during
this project. This project would not have been completed so successfully without his kind
supports, untiring efforts, and encouragements in each and every task.
We extend our heartfelt appreciation to our respected teachers from Civil Engineering
Department for their kind support and friendly behavior during the project duration.
Finally, we want to thank all our teachers, friends, and college staffs for supporting us
directly and indirectly in bringing this report to its completion. We would like to
acknowledge each of our group members for cheerful understanding and encouragement.
Project Members:
ABSTRACT
This report has been prepared as a part of project work to fulfill the requirement of course
syllabus prescribed to Civil engineering final year course. It is an attempt to prepare this
report, all the works needed for the structural design of the project work. The purpose of
preparing the project is to not only fulfill the requirement course syllabus but also make
available to the student community. This report deals with various aspect under heading
“ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT APARTMENT
BUILDING STRUCTURE.”
In planning this report, we have given close attention to the detail calculation part and in
presenting significant architectural drawing and detail drawing of the reinforcement bars.
Even greater prominence has been given in making the subject matter direct and easy
understandable style. The report consist of different sections covering all the subject matter
regarding the topic of concern. In this report, special care has been made given to analysis
of lateral forces, which we feel warmth-while to explain in preface.
Use of computers for various software has lessened the burden of repeated calculation on
analysis, it is clear that for understanding the process physically and realizing the structural
behavior, manual step-by-step procedure is necessary. However, due to the time constrain
and familiar with the modern technology, the structural analysis part is performed using
computer software “SAP2000”. The design was performed manually. The time saved in
structural analysis part has been given to the detailing works, because no structure will
performed satisfactorily if detailing is done wrongly. Although every care has been taken
to make free from errors, yet we shall be indebted, if errors shall be brought to our notice.
Constructive criticism will be heartily welcomed.
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................iii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATION ............................................................ v
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................viii
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... ix
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Building Description ............................................................................................. 2
1.4 Idealization and Assumption in Analysis and Design ........................................... 3
1.5 Scope ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Limitation of the study .......................................................................................... 4
2 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Literature Review .................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Load identification ................................................................................................ 5
2.3.1 Dead load ........................................................................................................... 5
2.3.2 Live load ............................................................................................................ 6
2.3.3 Earthquake load ................................................................................................. 6
2.3.4 Loading pattern .................................................................................................. 6
2.3.5 Codes of Practice ............................................................................................... 7
3 DESIGN METHOD ........................................................................................ 9
3.1 Limit state method ................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Load cases ........................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Earthquake resistant design philosophy .............................................................. 12
4 PRELIMINARY DESIGN ............................................................................ 15
4.1 Design data .......................................................................................................... 15
4.1.1 Construction Material ...................................................................................... 15
iii Batch 2070, Group J
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
List of Symbols:
Ф Diameter of Bar
τc Shear Stress
bf Width of Flange
bw Width of Web
B Width
d Effective Depth
d′ Effective Cover
D Overall Depth
Df Depth of Flange
e Structure Eccentricity
h Height of building
I Moment of Inertia
k Lateral Stiffness
L Length of Member
Ld Development Length
M Bending Moment
V′ Additional Shear
Z Zone Factor
Abbreviation:
RF Reduction Factor
DL Dead Load
EQ Earthquake Load
IS Indian Standard
LL Live Load
NA Neutral Axis
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 6 Response Spectra for Rock and Soil Sites for 5 Percent Damping
LIST OF TABLES
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Today, the world is urbanizing with the construction of buildings and structures. Nowadays,
with the awareness level of the building owners increasing than in the past, the trend of
constructing a scientifically analyzed building is growing popular. Especially in the case of
the medium to large commercial buildings, it is a good thing because such a practices helps
construction of more safe buildings which can eventually lead to avoidance of loss of lives
and property in case of a structural failure.
Due to rapid growth of population in cities, there is scarcity of land for residential area in
cities. One of the best solutions to solve this problem is to build multi-storey buildings as
many people will be able to live in limited area under one roof. Besides considering the
scarcity of land, earthquake is one of the dominant constraints while designing the multi-
storey frame building in the earthquake prone zone like Kathmandu. Earthquake is
considered to be greatest and unpredictable among all natural disasters considering the huge
loss of life and properties and worst condition it can create. Slowly and surely the designer's
emphasis on seismic analysis is more pronounced now a day, so that structural failure due
to earthquake is prevented up to certain limit.
Structural analysis deals with the analyzing internal forces in the members of the structures.
Structural design deals with sizing various members of the structures to resist the internal
forces to which they are subjected during their effective life span. Unless the proper
structural detailing method is adopted the structural design will be no more effective. The
Indian Standard Code of Practice may be adopted thoroughly for proper analysis, design
and detailing with respect to safety, economy, stability and strength.
One being a designer has to deal with various structures ranging from simple ones like the
curtailment rods and electric poles to more complex ones like multi-storied frame
buildings ,shell roofs, bridges etc. These structures are subjected to various loads like point
loads, uniformly distributed loads, uniformly varying loads, random loads, internal or
earthquake load and dynamic forces. These loads are transferred by a structural element to
nearby structural element and ultimately to soil through the foundation of the structure. In
a building, slab transfers the load to the beam, beam to column, column to foundation and
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
finally to the earth through foundation. Therefore, a designer should be considering all these
load patterns and the direction of load distribution while designing the structure.
1.2 Objectives
For partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor’s degree in Civil
Engineering subject entitled “Civil Engineering Project” in eighth semester
To carry out the complete analysis and earthquake resistance design of the main
structural element of a multi-storey apartment building structure
Seismic Zone :V
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Various assumptions have been made in analysis and design of the structures, for
consideration of simplicity and economy, namely:
Bearing capacity of soil is assumed to be 170 KN/m2 for medium soil type.
1.5 Scope
Slab
Beam
Column
Staircase
Basement wall
Mat foundation
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Recommendation are also included for achieving ductile behavior of frame under
earthquake so as to gain ductile failure.
Design and layout of the building services like pipeline, electrical appliances,
sanitary and sewage system are not covered.
The environmental, social and economic condition of the locality is not taken into
consideration.
The project work is only related with the practical application of the studied courses
in the field. Detail cost estimate of the project is not included in this report.
Determination of the structural system of the building to undertake the vertical and
horizontal loads.
Load cases and load combination cases from IS1893:2002 (Cl 6.3).
The structural analysis of the building by ‘SAP 2000’ for different cases of loads.
Design of RC frame members, mat foundation, staircase and other by limit state
method of design.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
2 METHODOLOGY
The project is the practical application of the theoretical knowledge acquired during the
four year of Bachelor in Civil Engineering. Therefore, the reviewing of the course and the
reference literatures aiding the processes throughout the project is carried out. Since this
project is structure based project i.e. structural analysis and design of multi-storied
commercial building, the reviewing of theory of structures, design of reinforced concrete
structures, IS code of practices etc. is done before and during the project work.
The data for the designs are taken on the basis of the specification offered by various IS
codes.
Concrete grade: M20
Dead load: as per IS875:1987(Part I)
Live load: as per IS875:1987(Part II)
Seismic load: as per IS1893:2002(Part I)
Dead load is produced by the self-weight of slabs, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls,
staircases, and so on. Magnitudes of dead load/ unit load/ density are chosen as per
IS875:1987(part I)
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
The magnitude of live load depends upon the occupancy of the building. These are to be
chosen from code IS875:1987(part II) for various occupancies. For this building live load
was considered to be 3 & 5KN/m².
Earthquake or seismic load on a building depends upon its geographical location, lateral
stiffness and mass. Its effect should be considered along both axes of building taken only
one at a time. During an earthquake, the mass is imparted by the building where as
acceleration is imparted by the ground disturbance. In order to have minimum force, the
mass of building should be as low as possible. The inertial force is resisted by the building
and the resisting force at the center of rigidity at each floor of the building. There are two
methods to determine the earthquake force in the building.
The seismic coefficient method is generally applicable to buildings up to 40m in height and
those are more or less symmetrical in plan and elevation.
The loading is applied to the slab elements directly. The total load (DL and LL) on staircase
is equally distributed on both supporting beam and the load is converted to UDL. The load
on slab is taken as per the requirement stated in IS875:1987(Part I & II).
Dead loads are computed from the dimensions of the structural member such as walls,
beams, slabs, etc. and their material densities confirming to IS 875 (Part I). Similarly, live
loads are to be chosen from IS 875 (part II) for various occupancies where required. In our
case, the unit weight (γ) for various required material along with live loads on various parts
of building are listed.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Lx
Lx/2 Lx/2
qt =W * Lx/2
qt =W * Lx/2
Lx/2
Ly
Ly-Lx
Ly
qt =W * Lx/2
qt =W * Lx/2
Lx/2
Lx/2 Lx/2
qt =W * Lx/2
Lx
The uniformly distributed dead and live load acting on the slab are transferred to the beams
holding the slab. The slab load is distributed on the floor beams as shown in figure above.
The smaller beam holds the triangular load and the longer beams hold the trapezoidal load
as shown in figure. The beam element also resists the self-weight and the wall load
including all the finish loads on wall such as external and internal plaster.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
7. SP 34
8. NBC 205
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
3 DESIGN METHOD
We have adopted limit state design method for design in our project.
It uses the concept of the probability and based on the application of method of statistic to
the variation that occurs in the practice in the loads acting in the structures or in the strength
of material.
The structures may reach a condition at which it becomes unfit for use for one of many
reasons e.g. collapse, excessive deflection, cracking, etc. and each of these conditions is
referred to a limit state condition. The aim of limit state design is to achieve an acceptable
probability that the structure will not become unserviceable in its life time for the use of
which it has been intended i.e. it will not reach a limit state. It means the structure should
be able to withstand safely all loads that are liable to act on it throughout its life and it
would satisfy the limitations of deflection and cracking.
3. The relationship between the compressive stress distribution in concrete and the strain
in concrete may be assumed to be rectangle, trapezoidal, parabola or any other shape which
results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement with the result of test. For design
purposes, the compressive strength of concrete in the structure shall be assumed to be 0.67
times the characteristic strength. The partial safety factor γm = 1.5 shall be applied in
addition to this.
5. The design stresses in reinforcement are derived from representative stress-strain curve
for the type of steel used. For the design purposes, the partial safety factor γm = 1.15 shall
be applied.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
6. The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure shall
𝑓𝑦
Not be less than: + 0.002
𝐸𝑠
3. The limiting values of the depth of neutral axis for different grades of steel based on the
assumptions are as follows:
Xu,
Fy max
250 0.53
415 0.48
500 0.46
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
This state corresponds to development of excessive deformation and is used for checking
members in which magnitude of deformation may limit the use of the structure or its
component. This limit may correspond to:
1. Deflection
2. Cracking
3. Vibration
The choice of the degree of reliability should be taken into account the possible
consequences of exceeding the limit state of collapse which may be classified according to
1. Risk to life negligible and economic consequences small or negligible.
2. Risk to life exists and / or economic consequences considerable and
3. Risk to life great and / or economic consequences also great.
Structural system
The system has been analyzed as 3D space frame. Element stresses in beams and columns
are calculated by SAP 2000 V19 with provision of special joint frame system. Mat
foundation has been constructed looking towards its effectiveness in the construction of
building. Due to complexity of the structure, variation of load is high thus the mat
foundation is best foundation for the structural system in comparison of other on context
of safety, economy and stability.
Analysis of building
For the static analysis of our building we use the structural analysis program SAP 2000
V19 that has special option for modelling horizontal rigid floor diaphragm system. We have
adopted seismic coefficient method in sap analysis.
Load cases are independent loading for which the structure is explicitly analyzed.
Earthquake forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For building whose lateral load
resisting elements are oriented in two principal directions. It is usually sufficient to analyze
in these two principal directions (X and Y direction) separately one at a time.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
The primary objective of earthquake resistant design is to prevent building collapse during
earthquakes thus minimizing the risk of death or injury to people in or around those
buildings.
Engineers do not attempt to make earthquake proof buildings that will not get damaged
even during the rare but strong earthquake; such buildings will be too robust and also too
expensive. Instead the engineering intention is to make buildings earthquake-resistant; such
buildings resist the effects of ground shaking, although they may get damaged severely but
would not collapse during the strong earthquake. Thus, safety of people and contents is
assured in earthquake-resistant buildings, and thereby a disaster is avoided. This is a major
objective of seismic design codes throughout the world.
Design Philosophy
1. Under minor but frequent shaking, the main members of the buildings that carry vertical
and horizontal forces should not be damaged; however, buildings parts that do not carry
load may sustain repairable damage.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
2. Under moderate but occasional shaking, the main members may sustain repairable
damage, while the other parts that do not carry load may sustain repairable damage.
3. Under strong but rare shaking, the main members may sustain severe damage, but the
building should not collapse.
The earthquake resistant design process involves various factors to be considered. Some of
them are sort listed below:
Configuration
1. Symmetry:
The building as a whole or its various blocks should be kept symmetrical about both the
axes. Asymmetry leads to torsion during earthquakes and is dangerous.
2. Regularity:
Simple rectangular shapes behave better in an earthquake than shapes with many
projections. Torsional effects of ground motion are pronounced in long narrow rectangular
blocks. Therefore, it is desirable to restrict the length of a block to three times its width. If
longer lengths are required two separate blocks with sufficient separation in between should
be provided.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Connection
Proper selection of the material in proper ratio is needed for the construction of earthquake
resistant design. Material properties should match the requirement of earthquake resistant
concept. This involves various material properties.
Ductility is the major parameter need to be considered in the building performance during
earthquake. Earthquake resistant buildings, particularly their main elements, need to be
built with ductility in them. Such buildings have the ability to sway back-and-forth during
an earthquake, and to withstand the earthquake effects with some damage, but without
collapse.
Again, base isolation of the structure from the ground motions which actually impose the
forces on the structure can also be done. For reduction of the coefficient of friction between
the structure and its foundation, one suggested technique is to place two layers of good
quality plastic or flexible connection between the structure and its foundation.
Construction quality
Though the connection and configuration of the structure is properly planned, but if the
execution of the work is not accomplished using the planned format or specification then it
may be difficult to achieve earthquake resistant structure. Proper supervision of the work
by expert is required.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
4 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Preliminary design is carried out to estimate approximate size of the structural members
before analysis of structure. Grid diagram is the basic factor for analysis and is presented
below.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
Depth of slab =𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒∗𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Basic value=𝛼𝛽𝛿𝜆
α=26
β=1
δ=1
=0.58*415*1
=240.7N/mm2
Assume,
6.096
Depth of slab = 26∗1.5 = 0.156153m
=156.153mm
Overall depth=176.153mm≈180mm
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Since, the depth of slab is greater than 150mm, secondary beam is required.
6.09/2
Depth of slab =26∗1.5 ∗ 1000 = 78.07mm
Main Beam:
𝑙
≤ αβγδλ
𝑑
= 0.58*415*1
= 240.7 N/𝑚𝑚2
6.09
≤ 26*1.22
𝑑
17
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
d > 0.1919 m
d ≥ 191.9 mm
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
d ≥ 𝛼𝛽𝛿𝜆
6.09
d ≥ 26∗1∗1.22∗1
d ≥ 0.19199m ≈ 200 𝑚𝑚
Effective cover = 50 mm
=170mm
18
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
=1.5*(467.611+76.22BD)*10
=7014.165+1143.3BD
Pu = 0.45*fck*Ac + 0.75*fy*Asc
Assuming axially loaded column and steel = 0.8% , fck =20 N/mm2
19
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
BD = 630548.83 mm2
B = D = 790.071 mm
Dx = 800 mm
Dy = 800 mm
20
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 SAP2000
SAP2000 represents the most sophisticated and user-friendly release of the SAP series of
computer programs. When initially released in 1996, SAP2000 was the first version of SAP
to be completely integrated within Microsoft Windows. It features a powerful graphical
user interface that is unmatched in terms of ease-of-use and productivity. Creation and
modification of the model, execution of the analysis, and checking and optimization of the
design, and production of the output are all accomplished using this single interface. A
single structural model can be used for a wide variety of different types of analysis and
design.
The definition of the SAP2000 model and the results of analysis and design can be viewed
and saved in many different ways, including:
Options are available to save named definitions of display views, sets of output tables,
document formats, and function plots as part of a model.
Combined with the use of groups, this can significantly speed up the process of getting
results while developing the model.
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
25
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
6 LOAD CALCULATION
Where,
𝑆𝑎
= Average response acceleration coefficient that depends on
𝑔
Figure 6 Response Spectra for Rock and Soil Sites for 5 Percent Damping
26
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
27
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
𝑊 ∗ℎ 2
Qi = Vb*∑(𝑊𝑖 ∗ℎ𝑖 2
𝑗 𝑗 )
Where,
28
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
29
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
31
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
7 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Design consideration:
Reference SN Calculation
1 Known data:
Slab Id : 22'GG'
𝐿𝑦 3.048
= 3.048 = 1
𝐿𝑥
𝐿𝑦
< 2. So, this is two way slab.
𝐿𝑥
C C
α = 26
β=1
33
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
γ = 1.4
δ=1
λ=1
(𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 )𝑥
𝑑= 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
3.048
𝑑 = 26∗1∗1.4∗1∗1
𝑑 = 83.736𝑚𝑚 ≈ 90 𝑚𝑚
Effective cover = 30 mm
3 Determination of Wu / Mu:
= 15.708 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝛼𝑥 − = 0.032
𝛼𝑦 + = 0.024
𝛼𝑦 − = 0.032
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
𝑀𝑢𝑥 + = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.024*15.708*3.0482
= 3.502 KNm
𝑀𝑢𝑥 − = 𝛼𝑥 − 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.032*15.708*3.048
= 4.669 KNm
𝑀𝑢𝑦 + = 𝛼𝑦 + 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.024*15.708*3.0482
= 3.502 KNm
𝑀𝑢𝑦 − = 𝛼𝑦 − 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.032*15.708*3.0482
= 3.502 KNm
+
500∗𝐴
3.502*10^6 = 0.87*500*𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 + ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 20∗1000∗90
𝑠𝑡𝑥
]
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 + = 91.791𝑚𝑚2
500∗𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 +
3.502*10^6 = 0.87*500*𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 + ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 20∗1000∗90]
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 + = 91.791𝑚𝑚2
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑑 ∗ [1 − 𝑓 ]
𝑐𝑘 ∗𝑏∗𝑑
+
500∗𝐴
3.502*10^6 = 0.87*500*𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 + ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 20∗1000∗90
𝑠𝑡𝑥
]
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 + = 91.791𝑚𝑚2
500∗𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 +
3.502*10^6 = 0.87*500*𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 + ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 20∗1000∗90]
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 + = 91.791𝑚𝑚2
−
500∗𝐴
4.669*10^6 = 0.87*500*𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 − ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 20∗1000∗90
𝑠𝑡𝑥
]
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥 − = 123.495𝑚𝑚2
500∗𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 −
4.669*10^6 = 0.87*500*𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 − ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 20∗1000∗90]
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦 − = 123.495𝑚𝑚2
= 144mm2
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑥 + = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥
1000∗78.54
= 144
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑥 − = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥
1000∗78.54
= 144
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑦 + = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥
1000∗78.54
= 144
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑦 − = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥
1000∗78.54
= 144
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
4.669∗10^6
=√0.133∗20∗1000
ie. 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝑉𝑣
𝐿𝑥 −𝑑
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑊𝑢 ∗ ( )
2
3.048−0.09
= 15.708*[ ]
2
= 22.232 KN
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑘𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑 k=1.3
For 𝜏𝑐
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
Spacing = 𝐴
𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
1000𝑎
𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1000∗78.54
= 200
= 392.7 mm2
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
Percentage of steel = 𝑏𝑑
100∗392.7
= 2∗1000∗90
= 0.218%
𝜏𝑐 = 0.3344
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑘𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑
= 1.3*0.3344*1000*90
= 39.124 KN
1000𝑎
𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
1000∗78.54
= 200
= 392.7 mm2
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
Percentage of steel = 𝑏𝑑
100∗392.7
= 1000∗90
= 0.436%
39
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
0.58∗500∗144
= 392.7
= 106.34
(𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 )𝑥
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
3.048
= 26∗1∗2∗1∗1
0.87∗𝑓𝑦 ∗∅
𝐿𝑑 = 4∗𝜏𝑏𝑑
0.87∗500∗10
= 4∗1.6∗1.2
= 566.406 mm
𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑑 ∗ [1 − ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑
392.7 500∗392.7
= 0.87*500* ∗ 90 ∗ [1 − 2∗20∗1000∗90]
2
= 7.267 KNm
40
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
𝐿𝑥 −𝑑
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑊𝑢 ∗ ( )
2
3.048−0.09
= 15.708*[ ]
2
= 22.232 KN
1.3𝑀1
𝐿𝑑 ≤ + 𝐿𝑜
𝑉
1.3∗7.267∗10^6
566.406 ≤ + 𝐿𝑜
22.232∗10^3
𝐿𝑜 ≥ 141.424 𝑚𝑚
41
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known Data:
Overall Depth, D = 600 mm
Width, B = 450 mm
Assuming, 20 mm dia. Rebar
Clear cover = 30 mm
Effective cover, d’ = 40 mm
Effective depth, d = 560 mm
IS 13920:1993 2 Check for members stress:
Cl 6.1.1
Factored Axial Force = 0 KN
Axial Stress < 0.1fck
Hence, Designed as flexural member
IS 13920:1993 3 Check for Member:
Cl 6.1.3 Width, b = 450 mm > 200 mm
Depth, D = 600 mm
b/D = 0.75 > 0.3
Hence, OK
c/c length of beam = 6.096 m
IS 13920:1993
Clear span length, L = 5.396 m
Cl 6.1.4
L/D ratio = 8.993 > 4, OK
IS 13920:1993 4 Check for limiting longitudinal
Cl 6.2.1.b reinforcement:
Min. reinforcement,
Astmin(%) = (0.24√fck/fy)*100%
= (0.24*√20/500)*100%
Astmin =
= 0.2147 %
540.9496 mm2
So, Astmin = 0.2147%*b*d
42
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
At left end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 665.6532 KNm (From SAP 19)
SP16 Table 54
Mu > Mulim
Hence, Doubly reinforced beam.
d'/d = 0.0714 ==0.1
Mu/(b*d2) = 4.717
Pt = 1.28 %
Pt = 1.28%
(Top)
1612.8 mm2
For Top,
Provide 25 dia rebar
Top = 3436.117
No. of rods = Top/(π*Φ2/4)
mm2
= (3225.6*4/(π*25*25))
= 6.571 ==7
Provide 7-25 mm dia. rebar
For Bottom,
43
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Ast =
Ast = 0.867%*b*d
= 2184.739 mm2 2184.739 mm2
Pc = 0.43%
Astc = 50% * Ast
= 1092.369 mm2
For Bottom,
Provide 25 dia. rebar
No. of rod = Bottom/(π*Φ2/4)
= (2184.74*4)/(π*25*25) Bottom =
= 4.451 » 5 2454.369 mm2
Provide 5-25 mm dia. rebar
For Top,
Provide 25 dia. rebar
No. of bar = Top/(π*Φ2/4)
= 1092.37*4/(π*25*25) Top = 1472.622
= 2.225 » 3 mm2
44
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Mu < Mulim
= 610.193*4/(π*25*25) Bottom =
981.748 mm2
= 1.243 » 2
At Right end
Mu/(b*d2) = 4.87
45
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Pt = 1.3202 % Pt = 1.3202 %
(Top)
Ast = 1.3202%*b*d
Ast = 3326.904
= 3326.904 mm2 > Astmin
mm2
Pc = 0.66%
Asc = 1663.452
Asc = 50% of Ast mm2
= 1663.452 mm2
For Top.
= 3326.904*4/(π*25*25)
Top = 3436.117
= 6.778 » 7 mm2
For Bottom,
= 1663.452*4/(π*25*25) Bottom =
1963.495 mm2
= 3.389 » 4
46
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Mu/(b*d2) = 3.079
Pt = 0.863 % Pt = 0.863%
(Bottom)
Ast = 0.863 % *b*d
Ast = 2173.6
= 2173.6008 mm2
mm2
Top = 1086.800 mm2
Asc = 1086.8
Bottom = 2173.601 mm2 mm2
For Top,
For Bottom,
= 4.428 » 5
47
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Pt = (5*π*25*25)/(4*450*560)*100
Pt = 1.364 %
= 1.364 %
IS 456:2000
Table 20 Maximum shear stress of concrete,
b.
Tensile reinforcement provided at
midspan
Pt = (4*π*25*25)/(4*450*560)*100 Pt = 0.39 %
IS 456:2000 = 0.39 %
Table 20 Maximum shear stress of concrete,
τc max = 2.8 N/mm2
IS 456:2000
Permissible shear strength of concrete,
Table 19 τc = 0.572
τc = 0.572 N/mm2 < τc max, OK
N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = τc*b*d
= 0.572*450*560 Vc = 154.668
= 144.144 KN KN
48
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Vsway to left
Vu,a = VaD + L+1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
Vu,b = VbD+L - 1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
where,
Mu As = Sagging moment of resistance at
left end
MuBh = hogging moment of resistance at
right end
MuAh = hogging moment of resistance at
left end
MuBs = Sagging moment of resistance at
right end
MuAs=0.87*500*560*2184.739(1-
(2184.739*500)/(450*560*20))
= 531.971 KNm > Mulim,
MuBh=0.87*500*560*3326.904(1-
(3326.904*500)/(450*560*20))
= 809.898 KNm > Mulim
MuAh=0.87*500*560*3235.56(1-
(3225.56*500)/(450*560*20))
= 785.24 KNm > Mulim
MuBs=0.87*500*560*2173.6(1-
(2173.6*500)/(450*560*20))
= 529.26 KNm > Mulim
From SAP,
Va = 36.174 KN
Vb = 62.137 KN
VaD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= 21.704 KN
VbD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= 37.282 KN
Vsway to right
Vu,a = VaD+L - 1.4 ((Mu As + Mu Bh)/LAB)
= 21.704-1.4*((531.97+ 809.898)/6.096)
= -286.468 KN
50
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Vsway to left
Vu,a = VaD + L+1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
=21.704 + 1.4*((785.24 + 529.26 )/6.096)
= 323.62 KN
= (0.87*500*100.531)/(0.4*450) Asv =
(2*π*8^2/4)
= 242.95 mm
= 100.531 mm2
IS 456:2000 Max. spacing = 0.75d or 300 mm
Cl 26.5.1.6
= 0.75*560 Stirrups 8 mm Φ
@ 150 mm c/c
= 420 mm
a. At left end
Vu = 117.576 KN
51
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 37.092 KN
= 200 mm At support Sv =
125 mm upto
Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia. stirrup @ 125 1120 length
mm c/c upto length of 2*560 = 1120 mm
from inner face of column
At midspan
Vu = 175.76 KN
Vus = Vu-τc*b*d
Vus = 31.616
KN
52
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 175.76*1000-0.572*450*560
= 31.616 KN
IS 456:2000 Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)
Cl 40.4.a
= 774.587 mm
Sv = 150 mm
c/c
Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia. stirrup @ 150
mm c/c
Ld < Ld’
At right end
Vu = 370.244 KN
= 173.180 KN
53
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Ld = (fs*Φ)/(4τbd*1.6)
54
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 1182.813 mm
9 Lap Splice:
i. Joints
ii. Distance (2*d’eff) from the face
of joint = 1120 mm
iii. Quarter length of member
where flexural yielding may
occur.
We have,
At Middle,
55
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Fs = 0.58*fy*Astreq/Astprov
= 180.246
Pt = Astprov/(b*D)
= 981.748/(450*600)*100
= 0.364 %
α=2
β=1
γ=1
M.F. = 2
= 9.636 < 26
56
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known Data:
Overall Depth, D = 300 mm
Width, B = 225 mm
Assuming, 12 mm dia. rebar
Clear cover = 25 mm
Effective cover, d’ = 31 mm
Effective depth, d = 269 mm
IS13920:1993 2 Check for members stress:
Cl 6.1.1
Factored Axial Force = 0 KN
Axial Stress < 0.1fck
Hence, Designed as flexural member
IS 13920:1993 3 Check for Member:
Cl 6.1.3 Width, b = 225 mm > 200 mm
Depth, D = 300 mm
b/D = 0.75 > 0.3
Hence, OK
c/c length of beam = 3.048 m
IS 13920:1993
Clear span length, L = 2.698 m
Cl 6.1.4
L/D ratio = 8.993 > 4, OK
IS 13920:1993 4 Check for limiting longitudinal
Cl 6.2.1.b reinforcement:
Min. reinforcement,
Astmin(%) = (0.24√fck/fy)*100%
= (0.24*√20/500)*100%
Astmin =
= 0.2147 %
129.925 mm2
So, Astmin = 0.2147%*b*d
= 129.925 mm2
Max Reinforcement,
57
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
At left end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 3.296 KNm (From SAP 19)
Mu < Mulim
SP16 Table 2 Hence, Singly reinforced beam.
Mu/(b*d2) = 0.202
Pt = 0.217%
Pt = 0.217 %
(Top)
Ast = 0.217% * b *d
= 129.947 mm2 Ast =
Astc = 50% * Ast
129.947 mm2
= 64.97 mm2
For Top,
Provide 12 dia rebar
No. of rods = Top/(π*Φ2/4)
= (129.947*4/(π*12*12))
= 1.149 == 2
Provide 2-12 mm dia. rebar Top = 226.195
mm2
Ast =
Ast = 0.258%*b*d
= 156.155 mm2 156.155 mm2
For Bottom,
Provide 12 dia. rebar
No. of rod = Bottom/(π*Φ2/4)
= (2184.74*4)/(π*12*12) Bottom =
= 1.381 » 2 226.195 mm2
Provide 2-12 mm dia. rebar
At Midspan
For sagging moment (+ve moment)
Mu < Mulim
SP16 Table 2
Hence,Singly reinforced beam
Mu/(b*d2) = 1.504
Pt = 0.382%
Pt = 0.382 %
(Bottom)
Ast = 0.382%*b*d
Ast = 231.205
= 231.205 mm2 > Astmin mm2
= 115.60 mm2
For Top,
59
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
For Bottom,
At Right end
Pc = 0.39%
60
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
2
mm2
= 234.534 mm
For Top
= 469.069*4/(π*12*12)
Top = 565.487
= 4.147 » 5
mm2
Provide 5-12 mm dia. rebar
For Bottom,
= 234.534*4/(π*12*12)
Bottom =
= 2.074 » 3 339.292 mm2
Mu/(b*d2) = 1.536
Pt = 0.392 % Pt = 0.392%
61
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
2
mm2
= 237.306 mm
= 118.653*4/(π*12*12)
Top = 226.195
= 1.049 » 2 mm2
For Bottom,
= 237.306*4/(π*12*12)
= 2.098 » 3 Bottom =
339.292 mm2
Provide 3-12 mm dia. rebar
Pt = (2*π*12*12)/(4*225*269)*100
Pt = 0.375 %
= 0.374 %
62
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b.
Tensile reinforcement provided at
midspan
Pt = (2*π*12*12)/(4*225*269)*100
= 0.374 % Pt = 0.374 %
IS 456:2000 Maximum shear stress of concrete,
Table 20 τc max = 2.8 N/mm2
Permissible shear strength of concrete,
IS 456:2000
τc = 0.499 N/mm2 < τc max, OK
Table 19 τc = 0.499
Design shear stress of concrete,
N/mm2
Vc = τc*b*d
= 0.499*225*269
= 30.202 KN Vc = 30.202
KN
c.
Tensile reinforcement provided at right
end
IS 456:2000 Pt = (5*π*12*12)/(4*225*269)*100
Table 20 = 0.93 %
Permissible shear strength of concrete,
IS 456:2000
τc = 0.603 N/mm2 < τc max, OK Pt = 0.93 %
Table 19
Design shear stress of concrete,
τc = 0.603
Vc = τc*b*d
N/mm2
= 0.603*225*269
= 36.507 KN
63
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Vsway to left
Vu,a = VaD + L+1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
Vu,b = VbD+L - 1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
where,
Mu As = Sagging moment of resistance at
left end
MuBh = hogging moment of resistance at
right end
MuAh = hogging moment of resistance at
left end
MuBs = Sagging moment of resistance at
right end
MuBh=0=0.87*500*269*469.069*(1-
(469.069*500)/(269*225*20))
= 44.253 KNm < Mulim
64
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
MuAh==0.87*500*269*129.949*(1-
(129.949*500)/(269*225*20))
= 14.389 KNm < Mulim
MuBs==0.87*500*269*237.306*(1-
(237.306*500)/(269*225*20))
= 25.046 KNm < Mulim
From SAP,
Va = 15.273 KN
Vb = 21.147 KN
VaD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= 9.163 KN
VbD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= 12.688 KN
Vsway to right
Vu,a = VaD+L - 1.4 ((Mu As + Mu Bh)/LAB)
= 9.163 -1.4*((17.093 + 44.253)/3.048)
= - 19.014 KN
Vsway to left
Vu,a = VaD + L+1.4 ((Mu Ah + MuBs)/ LAB)
=9.163 + 1.4*((14.389 + 25.046 )/3.048)
= 27.276 KN
= (0.87*500*100.531)/(0.4*225) Asv =
(2*π*8^2/4)
= 485.9 mm
= 100.531 mm2
Max. spacing = 0.75d or 300 mm
= 0.75*269 Stirrups 8 mm
Φ @ 150 mm
= 201.75 mm c/c
a. At left end
Vu = 3.054 KN
Vus = Vu-τc*b*d
= 977.60 mm
66
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Provide Sv = 65 mm c/c
Sv = 65 mm c/c
Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia. stirrup @ 65
mm c/c
= 96 mm At support Sv =
65 mm upto 538
Provide 2 legged 8 mm dia. stirrup @ 65 mm length
mm c/c upto length of 2*269 = 538 mm
from inner face of column
At midspan
Vu = 22.906 KN
Vus = Vu-τc*b*d
= 7.296 KN
= 1612.35 mm
67
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Ld < Ld’
At right end
Vu = 38.817 KN
= 2.308 KN
IS 456:2000
Spacing required at right end,
Cl 40.4.a
Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)
= 5096.189 mm
= 96 mm
68
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Ld = (fs*Φ)/(4τbd*1.6)
= 1156.813 mm
69
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
9 Lap Splice:
iv. Joints
v. Distance (2*d’eff) from the
face of joint = 538 mm
vi. Quarter length of member
where flexural yielding may
occur.
We have,
At Middle,
Fs = 0.58*fy*Astreq/Astprov
= 197.616
Pt = Astprov/(b*D)
70
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 339.29/(225*269)*100
= 0.503 %
α=2
β=1
γ=1
M.F. = 2
= 10.076 < 26
71
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 15.06 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
72
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 5.95 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 0.83 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
73
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design eccentricity,
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.75
SP16
Chart 48 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.06
Pt/fck = 0.13
So, Pt = 2.50 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.06
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.06
74
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
IS Puz = 0.45fck*(Ag-Asc)+0.75fy*Asc =
456:2000 8893.50 KN
Cl 39.6
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.83
Checks, OK
following factor:
75
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
76
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
77
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
78
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 13.209 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
79
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
Muy = 24.909KN-m
ex = Mux/Pu = 138.735 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 3.848 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
80
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.660
SP16
Chart 48 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.155
Pt/fck = 0.165
So, Pt = 3.30 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.155
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.06
81
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
IS Puz = 0.45fck*(Ag-Asc)+0.75fy*Asc =
456:2000 10328.22 KN
Cl 39.6
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.627
Checks, OK
following factor:
82
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
IS Vc = τcmod.*DxDy = 602.70 KN
456:2000
Cl 26.5.3.2 Requirement for design of lateral ties
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
83
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
b) S <= 100.00 mm
84
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
c) S > 75.00 mm
85
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 11.837 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
86
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 146.551mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 7.579 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
87
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.592
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.147
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.150
So, Pt = 3 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.147
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.147
88
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.592
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.653
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.825
following factor:
89
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
90
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
91
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
92
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 10.358 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
93
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 172.509 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 6.093 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
94
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.518
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.150
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.140
So, Pt = 2.8 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.150
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.150
95
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.538
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.563
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.841
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
96
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
97
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
98
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
99
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 8.858 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
100
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 208.612 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 4.333 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
101
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.443
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.154
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.120
So, Pt = 2.4 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.154
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.154
102
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.498
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.496
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.849
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
103
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
104
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
105
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
106
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 7.373 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
107
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 237.456 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 3.764 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
108
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.369
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.145
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.110
So, Pt = 2.2 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.145
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.145
109
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.432
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.386
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.872
As provided = 11460.53mm2
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
110
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
111
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
112
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
113
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 6.990 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
114
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 259.302 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 45.713 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
115
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.350
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.151
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.110
So, Pt = 2.2 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.151
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.151
116
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.410
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.350
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.890
As provided = 11460.53mm2
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
117
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
118
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
119
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
120
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 6.619 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
121
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 254.161 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 45.101 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
122
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.338
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.14
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.09
So, Pt = 1.8 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.140
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.14
123
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.425
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.375
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.883
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
124
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
125
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
126
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
127
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 5.580 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
128
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 280.936 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 46.494 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
129
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.279
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.131
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.075
So, Pt = 1.5 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.131
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.131
130
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.385
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.263
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.905
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
131
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
132
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
133
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
134
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Known data
= 4.280 N/mm2
axial
Hence design as column stress>0.1fck
Hence, OK.
0.65*unsupported
135
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Le/Dx = 2.27
< 12
Le/Dy = 2.27
< 12
So, it is short column
4 Design of section
ex = Mux/Pu = 259.815 mm
ey = Muy/Pu = 43.566 mm
Minimum eccentricity,
Permissible eccentricity,
Minimum eccentricity,
Exmin = 35.00 mm
Eymin = 35.00 mm
Design eccentricity,
136
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Design Moment
Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) = 0.207
SP16 Mu'/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.090
Chart 48
Pt/fck = 0.058
So, Pt = 1.16 %
Mux1/(fck*Dx^2*Dy) = 0.090
Muy1/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) = 0.090
137
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Then for αn
Pu/Puz = 0.312
< 1,So Pt is safe
Since Pu/Puz < 0.8, αn = 1.186
(Mux/Mux1)^αn+(Muy/Muy1)^αn = 0.928
Checks, OK
IS
456:2000
As max = 4% of Ag = 19600 N/mm2
Cl 26.5.3.1
As min = 0.8% of Ag = 3920 N/mm2
But in extreme case,
As = 6% of Ag = 29400.00 N/mm2
5 Design of transverse reinforcement for
shear
following factor:
138
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 10.00 mm
= 300 mm
Then,
Size of core,
139
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
less than
Ash = 0.18*S*h*fck/fy(Ag/Ak-1)
where,
S = Pitch of hoops
78.5398 =
0.18*S*320*20/500*((700*700)/409600-1)
S = 173.66 mm
smaller of
= 175.00 mm
140
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
b) S <= 100.00 mm
c) S > 75.00 mm
141
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Dog-legged staircase
Concrete grade: M20 Steel grade: Fe500
Reference SN Calculation Results
1 Known data:
Riser = 177mm
Trade = 279mm
1
Area of triangle = 2 ∗ 0.177 ∗ 0.279
= 0.0246m2
= 0.0246*1.219
= 0.03 m3
= 6.75KN
IS 875
Live load(LL) = 3 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
Part I &
II Floor finish (FF) = 1.13 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
= 9-1 = 8
142
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 3.454 m
𝐿𝑦 3.454
= 0.228 = 15.105
𝐿𝑥
𝐿𝑦
> 2. So, this is one way slab.
𝐿𝑥
β=1
γ = 1.4
δ=1
λ=1
(𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 )𝑥
𝑑= 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
3.454
𝑑 = 20∗1∗1.4∗1∗1
Effective cover = 25 mm
3 Determination of Wu / Mu:
Load on landing:
143
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 11.82 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
Load on Going:
𝑙
Self-weight of inclined slab = 𝛾𝑐 ∗ 𝐷 𝑙 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜𝑟
0.330
= 0.25*0.15*00.279
= 4.440 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑅
Self-weight = 𝛾𝑐 ∗ 2
0.177
= 25* 2
= 2.2125 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊𝑢 = 1.5 ∗ 10.7825
= 16.1737 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = 50.556𝐾𝑁
Taking moment at A = 0
144
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
2.235
𝑅2 ∗ 3.454 = 16.1737 ∗ 2.235 ∗ [ + 1.219] +
2
1.2192
11.82 ∗ 2
𝑅2 ∗ 3.454 = 93.242
𝑅2 = 26.995 𝐾𝑁
𝑅1 = 23.560 𝐾𝑁
2.235 − 𝑥 𝑥
=
9.151 26.995
x = 1.669m
shear force = 0
1.669
𝑀𝑢 = 26.995 ∗ 1.669 − 16.1737 ∗ 1.669 ∗ 2
𝑀𝑢 = 22.53 𝐾𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2
IS 5 Determination of 𝑨𝒔𝒕 :
456:2000
𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑑 ∗ [1 − 𝑓 ]
Annex G 𝑐𝑘 ∗𝑏∗𝑑
145
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
mm2
= 180 mm2
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑥 + = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥
1000∗113.097
= 460
𝑆𝑥 +
= 245.863 mm < 300 mm = 200 𝑚𝑚
Distribution bar:
Providing 12 mm diameter
mm2
= 180 mm2
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥
1000∗113.097
= 180
146
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Table C 1.669
𝑀𝑢 = 26.995 ∗ 1.669 − 16.1737 ∗ 1.669 ∗ 2
𝑀𝑢 = 22.53 𝐾𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.138𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2
For, 𝜏𝑐 :
1000𝑎𝑠𝑡
Spacing = 𝐴
𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
1000𝑎
𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
1000∗113.097
= 200
= 565.486 mm2
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
Percentage of steel = 𝑏𝑑
147
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
100∗565.486
= 1000∗125
= 0.452%
By interpolation
0.25 0.35
0.452 x
0.50 0.46
0.46−0.35
x - 0.35 = [0.452 − 0.25]
0.5−0.25
x = 0.4388
𝜏𝑐 = 0. .4388
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑘𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑
= 1.3*0.4388*1000*125
= 71.318 KN
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝑉𝑐 So safe in Shear
1000𝑎
𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
1000∗113.097
= 200
= 565.486 mm2
100𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
Percentage of steel = 𝑏𝑑
148
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
100∗565.486
= 1000∗125
= 0.452%
0.58∗500∗460
= 565.486
= 235.903
Γ = 1.3
(𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 )𝑥
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆
3.454
= 20∗1∗1.3∗1∗1
1.3𝑀1
𝐿𝑑 ≤ + 𝐿𝑜
𝑉
IS
𝐿𝑑 = 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
456:2000
Cl 26.2.1 𝑀1 =
𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Annex G
Cl 𝑉 = 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
G.1.1.b
𝐿𝑜 = 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑦𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
0.87∗𝑓𝑦 ∗∅
𝐿𝑑 = 4∗𝜏𝑏𝑑
0.87∗500∗12
= 4∗1.6∗1.2
149
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 679.687 mm
𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 0.87 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑑 ∗ [1 − ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑
565.486
= 0.87*500* ∗ 125 ∗ [1 −
2
500∗565.486
]
2∗20∗1000∗125
= 14.504 KNm
𝑉𝑢 = 26.995 KN
1.3𝑀1
𝐿𝑑 ≤ + 𝐿𝑜
𝑉
1.3∗14.504∗10^6
679.687 ≤ + 𝐿𝑜
26.995∗10^3
𝐿𝑜 ≥ −18.783 𝑚𝑚
150
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1 Design Constants:
2 Moment Calculation:
𝐾𝑎 = (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛20)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛20)
= 0.568
𝑀𝑐 = 𝑃𝑎∗ℎ/3+𝑃𝑠∗ℎ/2
= 44.85∗2.328/3+8.66∗2.328/2
Mc = 28 KNm
Design moment,
151
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
𝐵𝑀 = 0.133∗𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏𝑑^2
𝑑 = √(𝐵𝑀/(0.133∗𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏))
= 22.63 mm
Diameter of bar = 16 mm Ø = 16 mm
= 20/(2∗500)∗(1−√(1−(4.6∗40∗10^6)/
(20∗1000∗195^2 ))∗𝑏𝑑
𝑃𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡/𝑏𝑑∗100
= (1235.379∗100)/(1000∗195) Pt = 0.957%
= 0.957%
152
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Hence safe.
7 Calculation of Horizontal Reinforcement steel
bar:
other face.
153
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= (2328-30-10)/(8-1) = 327 mm
8 Curtailment of Reinforcement:
154
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Pa = Kaz*ϒ*z²/2
Pa = 11.6
= 11.6 KN/m KN/m
Ps = Ka*Ws*z
𝑀𝑐 = 𝑃𝑎∗2/3∗ℎ/3+𝑃𝑠∗2/3∗ℎ/2
=11.6∗2/3∗2.328/3+4.41∗2/3∗2.328/2
= 9.44 KNm
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
1000 mm * 1000 mm 11
700 mm *700 mm 15
600 mm * 600 mm 4
Approximate area
= 33.2696 m2
= 7377.177 / 6.22
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 1153.2 m2
Since, area occupied by isolated footing is greater than 50% of plinth area
Axial
Colu Frame Load
Load X (m) Y (m) P *X P*Y
mn Label Combo
P (KN)
1-F 1335 1.5(DL+LL) 292.517 0.500 0.500 146.258 146.258
2-F 1336 1.5(DL+LL) 287.987 5.073 0.500 1460.956 143.993
3-F 1337 1.5(DL+LL) 310.815 11.170 0.500 3471.807 155.408
4-F 1338 1.5(DL+LL) 311.007 17.268 0.500 5370.463 155.503
5-F 1339 1.5(DL+LL) 287.965 23.265 0.500 6699.513 143.983
6-F 1340 1.5(DL+LL) 236.497 27.939 0.500 6607.499 118.249
1-G 767 1.5(DL+LL) 1651.373 0.500 6.597 825.687 10894.110
2-G 902 1.5(DL+LL) 4155.089 5.073 6.597 21078.76 27411.120
3-G 893 1.5(DL+LL) 4442.021 11.170 6.597 49617.378 29304.015
4-G 884 1.5(DL+LL) 4472.328 17.268 6.597 77228.160 29503.948
5-G 875 1.5(DL+LL) 3969.385 23.265 6.597 92347.750 26186.035
6-G 866 1.5(DL+LL) 2590.301 27.939 6.597 72370.429 17088.218
1-H 776 1.5(DL+LL) 1684.556 0.500 12.695 842.278 21385.438
2-H 911 1.5(DL+LL) 4434.241 5.073 12.695 22494.906 56292.694
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
X’ = 14.479 m
Y’ = 14.501 m
Eccentricity calculation:
Xc = 14.21 m
158
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
X’ = 14.479 m
Ex = Xc − X'
Yc = 12.595 m
Y’ = 14.501 m
E y = Yc − Y'
B = 28.439 m
D = 25.190 m
I x = B * D3 / 12
= 37880.663 m4
I y = D * B3 / 12
= 48282.515 m4
Mxx = P * ey
= 79068.944 * (−0.269)
= −21269.546 KNm
Myy = P * ex
= 79068.944 * (−1.906)
= −150705.407 KNm
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
P/A = 79068.944/716.378
X = 14.21 m
Y = 12.595 m
σ = 58.958 KN/m²
X = 14.21 m
Y = -12.595 m
σ = 73.089 KN/m²
X = -14.21 m
Y = -12.595 m
σ = 161.532 KN/m²
X = -14.21 m
Y = 12.595 m
σ = 147.413 KN/m
160
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
161
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
162
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Clear cover: 50 mm
1 Known Data:
IS 2 Moment Calculation:
456:2000
Table 12 Maximum Support Moment,
Ms = q L2 / 10
Ms = 161.788 x 5.4362/10
Mm = q L2 / 12
= 161.788 x 6.098^2/ 12
Mm = 501.184
KNm per m
= 501.184 KNm per m width
= √601.421∗10^6
2.66∗1000
= 475.498 mm
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
d = 840 mm d = 840 mm
= 3.137 N/mm2
= 0.199 N/mm2
Perimeter,
= 0.643 N/mm2
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Pu = 820.487 KN
IS
456:2000
Annex G-
1.1.b
= 1736.492 mm2
= 180.916 mm
Provide
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
= 1433.443 mm²
So,
Ast Provided
= 0.436 %
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
So,
0.6 * ql = 591.852 KN
0.4 * ql = 394.569 KN
x = 3.6582 m
a/2 + d = 1.04 m
0.6ql =
591.852KN
Vu
a/2 + d = 1.04m
0.4ql =
394.568KN
3.6582m 2.438m
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Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
Now, Vu = 581.0887 KN
IS For Pt = 0.436 %
456:2000
τc = 0.4492
Table 19 τc = 0.4492 N/mm2
N/mm2
Clear cover = 50 mm
168
Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Apartment Building Structure
169