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• Bodies and solids are subjected to forces and
accelerations
• How do we know when a component will fail?,
Arm
Wrestiling
• Parameter or measure that allows the
comparison of componentes with different
sizes when subjected to forces or
accelerations
• The applied load extends or shrinks the
analyzed body in the normal direction of the
studied plane (keeps a rectangular shape)
• The applied load acts over the analyzed body
in a direction that lies on the studied plane
(becomes similar to a rombus)
P
P
A
P/2
P
P/2
A
Área=2000mm2
Área=200mm2
Fuerza=7000 N
Fuerza=300 N
Esfuerzo= ?
Esfuerzo= ?
Same material
¿Where would
failure occure?
Ap1 =
Ap2 = R3= .01 m
Ap3 =
R2= .015 m
σp1 =
σp2 =
σp3 = R1= .02 m
1. Data (10%)
A. Geometry
B. Material
C. Loading
D. What am I looking for?
2. Free body diagram (20%)
3. Relevant equations (10%)
4. Solution process (40%-60%)
5. Results (20%)
• Why we talk about the average stress?
Saint Venant
principle (web)
Types of loading:
– Axial
– Bending
– Shear
– Torsion
Causing:
– Normal stress
– Shear stress
θ
10 KN
30 mm
50 mm
17 9 MPa
32.07<α<67.3
10 KN
22.7<θ<32.07
30 mm
50 mm
A x
Engineering strain
(Deformación ingenieril)
L0
L
True strain
(Deformación real)
L0 L1 L2 L3
Tension test
Elastic limit
Strain
• Spring deformation model
k=
L
Stress
Engineering Materials I. Second Edition, M.F. Ashby and D.R.H. Jones. 1996
Young Modulus (E)
http://www-materials.eng.cam.ac.uk/mpsite/properties/units_pics/stiffness.jpg
Young Modulus (E)
Exercise #5
Hierro 196 GPa
Aluminio 69 GPa
Nylon 4 GPa
Epoxy 3 GPa
Fibra de vidrio con matriz epóxica 45 GPa
.0001 m2 x
2000 N
0.5 m
• Deformation in the x direction: Done
• ¿And y and z? ¿Is there any? ¿Is the volume
changing?
• Growth results into a …..
A x
Poisson
Coefficient
y L0
L
x
z
RA • How can we solve them?
RB
• Look for a second equation
RA RA RA
Fc Fc Fc
δc δc δc
RB RB RB
Cross section
x
L0 ¿Unidades?
L
Thickness
Normal Load
change
Angular
Shear load deformation ???
• Relates shear stress and shear strain (similar
to Young modulus)
Poisson
coefficient
Mechanical
properties Fatigue
• Materials can hold a (variability
limit stress before Riesgo a seres Load
fracture or yielding humanos (variability)