Professional Documents
Culture Documents
with the cooperation of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and
other organizations, for international students wishing to enter universities, graduate schools, junior
colleges, colleges of technology, special training colleges (post secondary course) and Japanese language
institutes in Japan.
We warmly welcome students from around the world coming to study in Japan. Although they may
have varying objectives, we believe that international students can enjoy a rewarding experience in Japan
that benefits not only themselves but also the people they come into contact with. Furthermore, through
their role as private ambassadors, international students can contribute a great deal toward the promotion
of mutual understanding and the development of friendly relations between Japan and their home
countries. It is extremely unfortunate that many potentially outstanding students give up the idea of
studying in Japan because they fear that there are too many hurdles to clear.
The Japanese government has adopted a number of measures according to their needs in study and
life. We hope that studying in Japan gives international students one of the most fruitful experiences of
their lives and that when they return home, they will be able to contribute toward the further development
of their countries.
It was with this hope in mind that we put together this guide, which provides information necessary
for students considering studying in Japan. We hope that students will read this information thoroughly
and make adequate preparations not only for their study abilities but also for their financial situations.
The Information Center also serves as a source of information for international students during their
stay in Japan, in the hope of making it as enjoyable and rewarding as possible.
Information Center
Association of International Education, Japan
(AIEJ)
March 2001
45
CONTENTS
1 Welcome to Japan / 2
2. First Steps Toward Study in Japan / 4
1. Higher educational institutions in Japan
3. Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering / 6
1. Planning for study in Japan
2. Choosing a school
3. Information gathering
4. Japanese-language Institutes / 15
1. Types and numbers
2. Choosing a Japanese-language institute
3. Admission qualifications and procedures
4. Application period
5. Admission to a Higher Educational Institution / 18
1. Academic year and entrance period
2. Qualifications
3. Application
4. Entrance examination
5. Transfer
6. Transfer from special training college
6. Educational Content and Graduation or
Completion of Courses in Higher Educational Institutions / 23
1. Courses taught in English
2. Research student (kenkyu-sei)
3. Conditions for graduating / completing courses
4. International recognition of degrees obtained in Japan
7. Short-Term Study in Japan / 25
1. Short-term study programs
2. Procedure of short-term study in Japan
8. Scholarships / 26
1. Types
9. Procedures for Entering Japan / 28
1. Procedures for entering Japan
2. Status of residence
3. Procedures for visa application
4. Immigration procedures to go to Japan to take an entrance examination
5. Guarantor for entry formalities
6. Alien registration
7. Procedures to return home temporarily
8. Extension of period of stay
9. Changing one's status of residence
10. Bringing family members to Japan
10. Living in Japan / 32
1. Public safety
2. Japanese currency
3. Cost of living
4. Cost of study
5. Living expenses
6. Accommodation
7. Guarantor
8. Part-time work
9. Expense for medical treatment/National Health Insurance system
10. Extracurricular activities
11. Internship Program and Employment / 38
1. Internship program
2. Employment
References: Number of international students in Japan / 40
1
1. Welcome to Japan
Japan is a long, narrow chain of islands that Since Japan lies almost at the center of a tem-
stretches somewhat like a bow in a northwesterly perate zone, it is generally mild, but seasonal changes
direction in the Pacific Ocean on the eastern edge of are distinct. Spring and autumn are usually quite
the Eurasian continent. It lies at about the same pleasant, but in summer (July - August) seasonal
latitudes as Northern Africa, Southern Europe and winds blow from the Pacific making it hot and
the U.S. mainland, its southernmost point being at humid, and in winter (December - February) sea-
about 20 degrees north latitude and its northern- sonal winds blow from the continent making it
most point at about 46 degrees north latitude. Japan quite cold. Apart from Hokkaido, rainfall is high
covers a total land area of about 372,000 square around the month of June known appropriately as
kilometers and stretches 2,500 kilometers from the rainy season. Because ranges of mountains run
north to south. lengthwise along the center of Honshu, there are
It comprises four main islands:Hokkaido, also pronounced regional differences in climate.
Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, plus the Ryukyu Hokkaido and the Japan Sea side of Honshu have
Islands (Okinawa) and many other smaller islands. heavy snowfall in winter that often paralyzes trans-
Honshu is divided into five regions, which are, portation. However, taking advantage of these
from the north, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, and changes in climate, people can enjoy many differ-
Chugoku. About three-quarters of Japan's land ent kinds of leisure activities throughout the year.
area consists of mountains and hills, and the amount Japanese dishes consist mainly of rice, together
of flat land available for cultivation and urban with vegetables, fish, or meat, but Western and
development is limited. Nearly 130 million people Chinese meals are also popular. Recently, a wide
live in this confined area. variety of cuisine from all over the world is avail-
2
Welcome to Japan
able. Thanks to Japan's rich water resources and moments, the inherited culture such as life-styles
excellent hygienic facilities, tap water is safe to rooted in each region and traditional events still
drink throughout the country. retain their local color together with their dialects.
As well as that of other countries, Japanese And the same is also true of industry. Traces of
culture today is extremely diverse. It is not unusual Japan's agricultural past remain, even though a
for young women to study traditional arts like the rapid process of industrialization over the last cen-
tea ceremony and flower arrangement and then tury has turned Japan into one of the world's most
head straight for karaoke bars. The same goes for advanced industrial countries.
the urban landscape, in which old temples and In universities, research can be undertaken in a
shrines stand side by side with towering skyscrap- whole spectrum of fields, ranging from electronic
ers. Japanese culture consists of a fascinating engineering to international management.
mixture of old and new, Eastern and Western. Japan - a country where ancient traditions and
Although developed media carry information advanced technologies blend to create a stimulat-
widely throughout Japan and new trends spread in ing environment. What a place to study!
3
2. First Steps Toward Study in Japan
1. Higher educational institutions in Japan
Higher education in Japan begins after the completion of 12 years of schooling: six years at elementary
school, three years at lower secondary school, and three years at upper secondary school. There are five types
of higher educational institution that international students can enter, and they can be divided according to
their administration into national, local public, and private.
Standard
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 age
School
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
year
Compulsory education
Colleges of technology
Upper secondary
schools (part-time)
(Correspondence)
(Medicine, dentistry
and veterinary science)
University Graduate schools
(Correspondence)
Lower Upper
Kindergartens Elementary schools secondary secondary Junior colleges
schools schools
(full-time) (Postsecondary courses)
Special
training colleges
Special training
schools
(General courses)
Miscellaneous schools
Miscellaneous schools
4
First Steps Toward Study in Japan
2. Junior colleges
with regard to qualifications and which programs Usually, courses at junior colleges are for two
are available. Credits are not recognized for com- years, but some departments, such as medical skill
pleted programs. and nursing, require three years. Universities have
• Non-degree credit earning students: Almost the an academic aspect such as studying scientific
same conditions as for auditors, although credits principles or theories; conversely, junior colleges
are recognized for completed courses. are more focused on teaching skills that are directly
useful in actual practice after becoming a working
b. Graduate course: member of society.
Graduate schools have master's and doctor's About 53% of Japan's junior colleges are for
courses, and some universities also accept post- women only, offering such courses as humanities,
graduate research students, auditors and non-de- home economics, education, and social sciences.
gree credit earning students.
• Master's course: Lasts for two years. 3. Special training colleges
• Doctor's course: Lasts for five years, generally Special training schools offer vocational-tech-
divided into a first period of two years, applicable nical education. Among special training schools,
to the above-mentioned master's course, and a those offering post secondary courses are called
final period of three years. Some graduate schools special training colleges and are positioned as higher
offer doctor's courses covering the full five years educational institutions. Students attend these
or only the final three years. However, the length schools for one to four years, usually two years, to
of study for the doctor's course in medicine, acquire the knowledge and skills to enrich their
dentistry, or veterinary science (entered upon education necessary for their chosen vocation and
completion of the six-year undergraduate course) future life. Various educational courses are offered
is four years. relating to areas such as medical technology, indus-
• Research students (Kenkyu-sei): Permitted on the try, culture, cultivation, commercial business prac-
basis of the school regulations of each university. tice, sanitation, education, social welfare, dress-
Unlike regular students in graduate schools, re- making, home economics and agriculture.
search students are allowed to engage in research
in special fields for one semester or one year 4. Colleges of technology
without the aim of acquiring credits. Credits are Colleges of technology offer five years of edu-
not recognized for completed courses. Refer also cation (five and a half years for mercantile marine
to pages 18, 21 and 23. courses) to junior high school graduates with the
• Auditors and non-degree credit earning students: aim of fostering necessary vocational capabilities.
Refer to those described in the undergraduate The majority of these schools offer engineering and
course section above. related subjects; others specialize in such areas as
mercantile marine.
5
3. Preparation for Study in Japan and Information
Gathering
1.Planning for study in Japan b. Privately-financed international student
Study in Japan by preparing all the funds nec-
The motivation of people desiring to study in essary by yourself or by receiving a scholarship
Japan differs, and the objectives of their study, other than that offered by the Japanese government
method, length of stay, and educational institution (including the government scholarship of home
are by no means the same. First of all, taking into country). However, because only a few scholar-
account your academic ability, financial means, ship programs are available before coming to Ja-
and desired occupation or direction in the future, pan, most students first come to Japan at their own
you should refer to the diagram on the following expense and then look for scholarships they can
page and create a detailed plan: apply for.
6
7
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
University graduates
University students
in Japan Institutions in
Japan
graduates
Private Japanese-
Japanese- Selection language institute
language
Documentation Japanese-language
study
courses in universities
Recommendation College of technology
by embassy Japanese-language Special training
Selection study (in Japan) college
(Japanese embassy)
Selection Authorized Japanese University
Japanese Interview (Monbu- language Institute
Written test (undergraduate)
government kagakusho) or Universities Graduate school
scholarship (kenkyu-sei)
Recommendation
student Documentation
by university University
Selection (Japanese studies)
Long- (University)
term Selection
study Interview etc. School examination College of technology
Japanese Language Special training
Private Japanese- Proficiency Test college
language institute General Examination
(overseas or in for Foreign Students Junior college
Privately Selection Japan)
financed Examination of the University
student Documentation National Center for (undergraduate)
Japanese- University Entrance
language courses Examination Graduate school
in universities
(in Japan) Selection Graduate school
(kenkyu-sei)
Documentation
Home Institute Host Institute Junior college
(exchange student)
Selection Selection University
Documentation etc. Documentation etc. (exchange student)
Graduate school
Short- Privately (exchange student)
term financed Students
study student only
Selection Selection
University
Documentation etc. Documentation etc.
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
8
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
9
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
A brief introduction to Japanese- Association for the Not for sale; available
Japanese Language language education institutes Promotion of Japanese- for reference at
Institutes in Japan 2000 examined and approved by the Language Education Japanese embassies
(Japanese/English/Chinese/ Association for the Promotion of 2nd Fl., Korin Bldg. and consulates,
Korean) Japanese-Language Education. 1-13-19 Kita-shinjuku, prefectural libraries,
(Annually) Edited by the association. Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169- website, etc.
http://www.rim.or.jp/nisshinkyo 0074
Tel: 03-5386-0080
Ryugakusei no tame no Information useful for Center for Domestic and ¥1,000 per copy for
Shukusha Annnai (Housing international students to find Foreign Students international students
and Dormitories for accomodation in Japan. Tokyo Student Housing ¥1,500 per copy for
Students from Abroad) Edited by the Center for Domestic Guidance Office others
2001-2002 and Foreign Students 1-21 Yotsuya, Shinjuku- (mailing charge not
(Japanese) (Biannually) ku, Tokyo 160-0004 included)
Tel: 03-3359-0631
* You can read the above books freely at AIEJ (Information Center, Japan Educational Information Centers
overseas) and public facilities to access information on study in Japan (see pages 11 and 12), and some
of the Japanese embassies and consulates.
10
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
11
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
Country (area) Name and Address Phone No. & Fax No.
and City
Vietnam Sakura Japanese Language School (Truong Nhat Ngu Sakura) TEL +84-8-8220363
Ho Chi Minh 188 Dien Bien Phu, Dist. 3 FAX +84-8-8221391
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
http://www.mofa.go.jp
Government offices concerned Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8919
(Gaimusho)
Tel: 03-3580-3532
http://www.moj.go.jp
Ministry of Justice
1-1-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo, 100-8977
(Homusho)
Tel: 03-3580-4111
http://www.moj.go.jp/NYUKAN/nyukan05.html
c/o Tokyo Immigration Bureau
Immigration and visa Immigration Information Center
1-3-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 100-0004
Tel: 03-3213-8523~7
http://www.rim.or.jp/nisshinkyo
Association for the Promotion of 2F. Korin Bldg., 1-13-19 Kita-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku,
Japanese-language institutes Japanese Language Education Tokyo 169-0074
Tel: 03-5386-0080
12
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
http://www.isi.or.jp
The Japanese Language School of 3-22-7 Kitashinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-
the International Students Institute 0074
Tel: 03-3371-7265
http://www.kkgakuyu.or.jp
Kansai International Students 8-3-13 Uehonmachi, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-
Institute Japanese Language School 0001
Tel: 06-6774-0033
http://www.naganuma-school.or.jp
The Tokyo School of the Japanese 16-26 Nampeidaicho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-
Language 0036
Tel: 03-3463-7261
5-24-8 Maenocho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 169-
Shukutoku Japanese Language
0075
School
Tel: 03-5392-8850
http://www.sng.ac.jp
Shinjuku Japanese Language 2-9-7 Takadanobaba, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-
Institute 0075
Tel: 03-5273-0044
http://www.yamano.ac.jp/nihon
Yamano Japanese Language School 1-53-1 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8539
Tel: 03-3379-0134
http://www.kyushu-eisu.ac.jp/
Kyushu Eisu Gakkan International 1-5-30 Maizuru, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka-shi,
Language Academy Fukuoka 810-0073
Tel: 092-713-5720
http://kbic.ardour.co.jp/
˜newgenji/jis/tokyo/abk_j1.html
Asian Students Cultural Association 2-12-13 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8642
Tel: 03-3946-2171
3-26-13 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
Culture and Languate Center
161-0051
Japanese Language School
Tel: 03-5273-0753
http://www.kcg.ac.jp/KJTC
Kyoto Computer Gakuin Kamogawa
46 Shibamoto-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku,
School
Kyoto 606-0814
Japanese Language Training Center
Tel: 075-724-2551
13
Preparation for Study in Japan and Information Gathering
http://www.naigai.or.jp
Tokyo Student Living Guidance Office, 1-17-1 Kami-ochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-0034
Part-time work and Center for Domestic and Foreign Students Tel: 03-3951-9103
employment
6-5-35 Toyohira-ku-rokujo, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi
Sapporo Student Guidance Office,
062-0906
Center for Domestic and Foreign Students
Tel: 011-817-3611
Tokyo Student Housing Guidance Office, 1-21 Yotsuya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0004
Accommodation Tel: 03-3359-5997
Center for Domestic and Foreign Students
http://www.tokyo-hellowork.go.jp/foreign
Employment Service Center for Foreigners 3rd Fl. Roppongi Job Park., 3-2-21 Roppongi, Minato-ku,
(Tokyo Office) Tokyo 106-0032
Tel: 03-3586-8609
http://www.aots.or.jp
Technical training in Japanese The Association for Overseas Technical
1-30-1 Senju Higashi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-8534
companies Scholarship (AOTS)
Tel: 03-3888-8241
http://www.jpf.go.jp
Japanese Language Proficiency Test Division, The Japan Foundation 3-14 Rinku-Port Kita, Tajiri-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 598-
Test administered overseas Japanese-Language Institute, Kansai 0093
Tel: 0724-90-2603
14
4.Japanese-Language Institutes
Higher educational institutions in Japan, in Private Japanese-language institutes include
principle, conduct all their classes in the Japanese various establishing bodies such as school juridical
language with only a few offering classes in En- persons, juridical persons provided for by the civil
glish. It is extremely important, therefore, that law, joint-stock corporations, private organizations
international students wishing to study in Japan neither controlled nor protected by law, and indi-
have an adequate knowledge of the Japanese lan- viduals. As for their status under the School Edu-
guage. cation Law, some institutes are authorized as spe-
For this reason many international students cial training schools (Senshu-gakko) or training
study the language in Japan for six months to two schools (Kakushu-gakko). Courses and conditions
years before applying to higher educational institu- at these schools vary depending on the school;
tions for admission. some institutes provide courses in basic subjects to
prepare for entrance to university undergraduate
1.Types and numbers courses; course lengths range from six months to
two years; the status of residence granted is either
Of the institutions designed for students wish-
"college student" or "pre-college student"; the
ing to enter Japanese higher educational institu-
schooling system is either a day school or both a
tions, as of March 2001, there are mainly two types:
day and evening school. Also, courses targeting
41 schools operated by private universities and
students who have not received 12 years of school
294 schools accredited by the Association for the
education in their countries are available. (Refer to
Promotion of Japanese Language Education . Ac-
the table of "Course of Preliminary Study" in page
cording to the results of a survey conducted by the
13.)
Japanese Ministry of Justice in the year-end 1999,
There are some institutes providing private
a total of 34,541 international students attended
lessons or short-term courses ranging from several
Japanese-language schools in Japan, of whom
weeks to several months.
22,782 came from China (including Taiwan and
* Website of the Association for the Promotion of
Hong Kong), 7,776 from North and South Korea,
Japanese Language Education:
502 from the Philippines, 488 from Myanmar, 359
http://www.rim.or.jp/nisshinkyo
from Thailand, and 2,634 from elsewhere. A few
Profiles of the approved Japanese-language in-
thousands students attended Japanese language
stitutes are available both in Japanese and En-
institutions under the status of residence as "pre-
glish on the website. There are also links to
college student".
schools.
Preparatory Japanese Language Programs at
private universities for international students in 2.Choosing a Japanese-language
Japan are regular courses offered by private univer- institute
sities, defined by law as a part of university educa-
tion. The period of the courses is less than one year. The first thing to do in choosing from among
These courses have been established for interna- Japanese-language institutes is to confirm which
tional students who wish to study the Japanese- ones are accredited by the Association for the
language, the culture and society in Japan, or basic Promotion of Japanese Language Education, be-
subjects to prepare for entrance examinations to cause the status of residence as "college student"
enter a university undergraduate course. Interna- and "pre-college student" are not granted for study
tional students who wish to go on to higher educa- at unaccredited institutes.
tion may either proceed to the same university, or Since the accredited institutes and their profiles
enter universities other than the ones they are in for are listed in "Japanese Language Institutes in
their preparatory courses. Students in these courses Japan", available for reference in Japanese embas-
have the advantage of facilities, part-time work, sies and consulates overseas or on their Websites,
accommodation, and welfare programs, such as the first step will be to refer to this handbook. In
medical fee subsidies as they can acquire the status addition, obtaining further information directly from
of residence as "pre-college student". each institute's prospectus and its current or former
15
Japanese-Language Institutes
students will also be helpful. It should be noted that results) at the General Examination for Foreign
international students are, in principle, not allowed Students
to transfer from one Japanese language institute to 8. Advancement of graduates to further educational
another, or to a preparatory Japanese language institutes: The ratios of students going on to
program at private universities. further educational institutes.
9. Number of instructors: Are there sufficient
1. Program objectives: What are the main objec- instructors for the students?
tives of the institute's courses? Does the program 10. Tuition fees: Are the tuition fees appropriate
have a course that suits your goals? for the lesson quantity, instructor and accom-
Do the institutes have various courses, such as a modation?
general course, a course for students wishing to 11. Method of admission selection: Is a screening
enter Japanese higher educational institutions, a test based on documentation alone required? Is
business-oriented Japanese-language course, etc? an interview with the guarantor or liaison person
Note: In the case of those who completed only 10 of the student required?
or 11 years of school education in countries 12.Types of status of residence: Which type of
including Malaysia and the Philippines, they can- status of residence is required, a "college stu-
not obtain qualifications to enter university in dent" or a "pre-college student"? There is a case
general courses. Consequently, these prospective that requires the status of residence to be a
students should make sure to select from among "college student" in order to apply for a scholar-
the Japanese-language institutes designated by ship.
the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, 13. Schedule of lessons: Full-time course or part-
Sports, Science and Technology as "Course of time course (If it is a full-time course, it is
Preliminary Study for University Entrance". impossible to do both study and part-time job.)
(Refer to the table in page13 as well as section 3 14. The ratios of students according to their nation-
of this page. ) ality: If there are more students from countries
2. Grouping of students: Are students divided into using Chinese characters, is there any consider-
groups according to their knowledge of Japanese, ation for those coming from countries not using
so that each student can receive lessons suited to Chinese characters?
his or her level of ability? Is there a placement test
for this purpose? 3. Admission qualifications and proce-
3. Basic subjects: Is there a program available dures
designed for students planning to proceed to
In almost all cases the qualification for entering
undergraduate courses, to study basic subjects
a Japanese-language institute is to have completed
(such as English, mathematics, physics, chemis-
12 years of schooling in your own country. Malay-
try and social studies)?
sian and Philippine students who have completed
4. Educational environment: Is the location of the
only 10 or 11 years of school education do not meet
institute satisfactory? Is the place easy to access?
this qualification. However, they can meet the
5. Accommodation: Does the institute provide
qualification by completing the "Course of Pre-
accommodation? If it does not have special
liminary Study for University Entrance" desig-
accommodation of its own, will it help you find
nated by Monbukagakusho. Most institutes select
an apartment or lodging?
students through documentation based screening;
6. Guidance on further education and living: Does
some schools also hold an interview with the guar-
the institute offer advice and counseling on fur-
antor. The main documents that usually have to be
ther education? Does it provide counseling ser-
submitted are the following:
vices relating to problems in everyday life?
1. application form
7. Number of students certified as Level 1 of the
2. school transcript
Japanese Language Proficiency Test or gaining
3. certificate of other studies
scores higher than 250 (these indicate excellent
4. letter of recommendation
16
Japanese-language Institutes
17
5. Admission to a Higher Educational Institution
1.Academic year and entrance period school education outside Japan, who have com-
pleted 15 years of school education outside Japan
The academic year in higher educational insti- and who are recognized as having acquired des-
tutions in Japan begins in April and ends in March ignated master's course credits with outstanding
of the following year. Many classes last either the results, and who are recognized as having aca-
first semester (April through September) or the demic ability of bachelor's degree level or higher
second semester (October through March). Vaca- on passing admission qualification examinations
tions vary according to universities and depart- for graduate school and if they are aged at least 22
ments, but they usually offer three vacation periods years old.
in the year: summer from late July through early b. Doctor's course: Students who have a master's
September, winter from late December through degree or are recognized as having academic
early January, and spring from February through ability of this level or higher, including; students
March. There are about 40 universities accepting who have been conferred degrees that are equal to
new students in the second semester (in September master's degrees outside Japan, who are recog-
or October). nized as having academic ability of master's
degree level or higher on passing admission quali-
2.Qualifications
fication examinations for graduate school and if
(1) Universities (undergraduate level) and junior they are aged at least 24 years old. Regarding
colleges: Students wishing to enter a university doctor's courses in medicine, dentistry, and vet-
or junior college must have received 12 years of erinary science, students who studied at univer-
school education outside Japan, and must have sity for at least four years and are recognized as
completed secondary education. In the case of having acquired designated master's course cred-
students from countries where school education its with outstanding results, including; students
lasts for 10 or 11 years, they are considered who have completed 16 years of school education
equal to students who have completed 12 years outside Japan and are recognized as having ac-
of school education if they complete a "Course quired designated master's course credits with
of Preliminary Study for University Entrance," outstanding results.
including Japanese, at authorized institutions c. Research student (kenkyu-sei): Entrance qualifi-
(refer to page 13 ) and if they are aged at least 18 cations differ by university. Qualifications are
years. Graduates of non-authorized institutions graduation from a university, completion of a
have to check very carefully to see whether they master's course, or completion of a doctor's
can qualify for entrance to universities or junior course. Please confirm details directly with each
colleges.In addition, students who passed a quali- graduate school of your choice.
fication examination in their home country to be (3) Special training colleges
regarded as having academic proficiency the With the exception of Japanese-language insti-
same level as the University Entrance Qualifi- tutes, applicants to special training colleges must
cation Examination in Japan and the High School fulfill the following conditions:
Graduation Equivalency Examination in Korea, a. They must have received 12 years of schooling
students who passed the International Bacca- (and completed secondary school education) out-
laureate, or the Abitur in Germany and are aged side Japan. In the case of countries in which
at least 18 years are regarded also the same as schooling lasts for only 10 or 11 years, students
those written above and are qualified to enter a are considered to have completed 12 years of
university or junior college in Japan. schooling if they complete a "Course of Prelimi-
(2) Universities (graduate level) nary Study for University Entrance," including
a. Master's course: Students who graduated from a Japanese, at the authorized institutions (refer to
four-year university or are recognized as having page13 ) and if they are aged at least 18 years.
academic ability of this level or higher, includ- b. They must have sufficient ability in the Japanese
ing; students who have completed 16 years of language to study in the special training college,
18
Admission to a Higher Educational Institution
19
Admission to a Higher Educational Institution
20
Admission to a Higher Educational Institution
c. Examination for Japanese University Admis- inquire directly to the university concerned.
sion for International Students (EJU) (2) Universities (graduate level)
The EJU is a new examination starting from a. Regular master's or doctor's course
2002 and will be implemented as a part of the A few graduate schools do accept students on the
entrance examination for international students basis of the documents they submit, but usually a
wishing to study at Japanese universities and other student must sit for an entrance examination in
higher educational institutions. This examination Japan. Graduate school entrance examinations
will be held twice annually in June and November usually consist of document screening, a short
and will be scheduled for holding in Japan as well thesis, and oral questioning, mainly on their major,
as in about 10 cities outside Japan mainly in the as well as written tests in Japanese, English, (or
Asian regions. another language) and special subjects. Though the
The examination subjects for liberal arts stu- date of the examination differs by university, most
dents consists of Japanese as a Foreign Language, graduate schools hold their entrance examinations
general knowledge and mathematics; while sub- from August to October. Some graduate schools,
jects for natural science students are Japanese as a especially those for liberal arts, hold their exams
Foreign Language, science and mathematics. The from February to March.
exam questions are available in both Japanese and b. Research student (kenkyu-sei)
English. Applicants will take the examination They are selected on the basis of the documents
based on the designated subjects and exam lan- they submit.
guage by each university and other higher educa- For both regular and research students, please
tional institution. contact the graduate schools you intend to apply for
* For inquiries regarding the "EJU": Contact Test- to ascertain whether you need to obtain informal
ing Division, Association of International Educa- consent for admission prior to application after
tion, Japan (AIEJ) TEL: +81-3-5454-5338 finding a supervising instructor beforehand. If this
d. Examination of the National Center for Uni- is the case, you should look for an appropriate
versity Entrance instructor conforming to the content of your major
Japanese students wishing to enter a national or in the graduate school's prospectus, academic jour-
local public university and some private universi- nal, or from former students or researchers in
ties are obliged to take the examination of the Japan, etc. Besides those sources, you can also look
National Center for University Entrance. Most up websites of each university and the National
universities exempt international students from this Institute of Informatics of the Ministry of Educa-
test, but some universities, mainly medicine, den- tion, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
tistry, and education departments, may require in- Some professors may have websites of their gradu-
ternational students to take it. ate courses but may not be disclosing their e-mail
e. Other methods of selection for international addresses, so in that case contact them by letter or
students fax. Also, some universities will introduce super-
Other methods used by universities to select vising instructors to you. When you write a letter,
international students include document screening, you are advised to specify your past research record,
university-set scholastic ability tests, interviews, future research plan and reasons for selecting the
short theses or essays, and competence and aptitude supervising instructor and, if possible, by also
tests. University departments differ in their meth- enclosing a letter of recommendation. As you are
ods of selection. stranger, the other party is only able to judge you
As for the examination date and examination from your writing. Therefore, it is unusual for
subjects of each university, please refer to the informal consent to be given immediately after
"Shihi Gaikokujin Ryugakusei no tame no Daigaku only one written communication from you. Ac-
Nyugaku Annai" (Guide to University Entrance for cordingly, you need to communicate with that
Privately Financed International Students), pub- person several times to convey your enthusiasm
lished in Japanese every late September by AIEJ, or about your studies. (Refer also to page 18 and 23.)
21
Admission to a Higher Educational Institution
22
6. Educational Content and Graduation or
Completion of Courses in Higher Educational
Institutions
1. Courses taught in English
ensure that the student will be admitted to graduate
Higher educational institutions in Japan con- school. Some universities allow students to di-
duct almost all their lessons in Japanese with a few rectly take examinations to enter their regular gradu-
exceptions. At present, a small number of univer- ate courses, while conversely, other universities
sities and graduate schools offer special courses and graduate courses consider that having students
aiming at obtaining degrees or short-term study experience the process of being a "research stu-
programs in English. dent" is desirable before entering the regular courses.
The number of universities offering degree Therefore, make sure to inquire directly to the
courses in English is still small, except for some university you intend to apply to while referring to
engineering faculties at graduate schools offering page10 of the "Gaikokujin Ryugakusei no tame no
relatively more English courses. A list of universi- Daigakuin Nyugaku Annai" (Guide to University
ties offering such courses is available from AIEJ's Graduate School Entrance for International Stu-
Website (http://www.aiej.or.jp) as well as its FAX dents).
information service at 03-5454-5216 (from May
2001, 03-5520-6131) or 078-242-1742. 3. Conditions for graduating / com-
pleting courses
2. Research student (kenkyu-sei)
(1) Universities (undergraduate courses)
Under the research student (kenkyu-sei) sys- To graduate from an undergraduate course, a
tem, which is unique to Japan, students other than student must study at a university for four years (six
regular students whose purpose is to obtain a de- years in the cases of medicine, dentistry, and veteri-
gree are given permission to engage in research in nary science) and acquire the necessary number of
a special field for a period of approximately one credits. Most universities require at least 124
semester or one academic year. Entrance require- credits (in principle, medicine and dentistry depart-
ments for a research student vary from university to ments require at least 188 credits and veterinary
university; some universities may accept a student departments require at least 182 credits) for gradu-
with a bachelor's degree or higher, others may ation. Upon graduation, students receive a
accept a student with a master's degree or higher, "bachelor's degree."
and the name and status of the research student also
differs according to universities. The operation of (2) Universities (postgraduate courses)
the system and designations within it also vary. Conditions for completing graduate school dif-
There are three types of research student: (1) stu- fer for master's and doctor's courses. To complete
dents who do not aim to obtain a degree but attend a master's course, a student must study for at least
a university for a short period to carry out research; two years in principle, acquire the necessary credits
(2) students who attend a university as short-term (at least 30 credits) in his or her special subject,
international students on the basis of a student write a master's thesis that is judged satisfactory,
exchange agreement between universities; and (3) and pass an examination. Students who complete
students who use the system to prepare for a gradu- a master's course receive a "master's degree."
ate school's regular course. In the case of a doctor's course, a student must
Many of the students belonging to category (3) attend graduate school for at least five years (in-
attend a university as research students for about a cluding the two years of a master's course), acquire
year until that university's entrance examination, at least 30 credits (including master's course cred-
and some of them fail the entrance examination and its), write a doctoral thesis that is judged satisfac-
have to leave without entering a regular course. It tory, and pass an examination. Students who com-
means that being a research student does not always plete a doctor's course receive a "doctorate."
23
Educational Content and Graduation or Completion of Courses
The above table shows the number of degrees qualification of "technical associate." 1) two years
conferred on international students according to or more of study is required for graduation, 2) 1,700
the different categories. hours or more of total school hours, 3) students'
grades are evaluated through examinations, etc.
(3) Junior colleges and completion of the course is authorized based on
To graduate from a junior college, students those evaluations. The kinds of schools that can
must attend for at least two years and obtain at least grant the "technical associate" qualification ac-
62 credits in the case of two-year colleges or attend count for about 90% of the total.
for at least three years and obtain at least 93 credits
in the case of three-year colleges. Students who 4. International recognition of degrees
graduate from junior college are given an "associ- obtained in Japan
ate degree."
Generally speaking, degrees obtained in Japan
are considered as good as those obtained in the
(4) Special training colleges
home country, although this rule varies by the
At special training colleges graduation is deter-
country or the field of the major. Students wishing
mined by results in end-of-semester and end-of-
to seek employment with their home government
year examinations in addition to attendance. Fur-
as a public servant or employment with a private
thermore, if you complete a course that satisfies the
company, should consult appropriate offices at
following three requirements, you can obtain the
home, as they may have their own rules about
authorizing foreign degrees, and make decisions
accordingly.
24
7. Short-Term Study in Japan
1. Short-term study programs Also in the case of international students com-
ing to Japan to study on the basis of a student
Recently Japanese universities are increasingly exchange agreement between universities or simi-
establishing short-term study programs enabling lar accord, the "AIEJ Short-Term Student Exchange
international students to study in Japan for one Promotion Program" is also available through which
semester or one year with the purpose of earning AIEJ provides roundtrip travel expenses, scholar-
credits while remaining students of their own uni- ships, and other assistance to international stu-
versity back home. dents. As for this program, please apply through a
university in your own country.
The contents of the short-term study programs
are various. 2. Procedure of short-term study in
1. Eligibility: (1) Students belong to the universi- Japan
ties under the student exchange agreement (ex-
change students), (2) Independent students (pri- If you are pursuing short-term study in Japan on
vately financed international students) the basis of a student exchange agreement between
2. Levels: (1) Undergraduate departments, (2) universities, please inquire at the appropriate sec-
Graduate schools tion in your home institution concerning applica-
3. Language of instruction: (1) Japanese only, (2) tion procedures, necessary expenses and Short-
English only, (3) Both Japanese and English Term Student Exchange Promotion Program schol-
4. Subjects: (1) Japanese, (2) Research subjects on arship. Regarding programs that are available for
Japan, (3) Humanities and social studies subjects, independent students, inquiries should be made to
(4) Natural science subjects, (5) Science and the school of one’s choice after obtaining the list of
engineering subjects (Some universities have universities from AIEJ's Website (http://
established special classes for short-term interna- www.aiej.or.jp ) as well as its FAX information
tional students while others accept them in regu- service at 03-5454-5216 (from May 2001, 03-
lar courses offered in faculties and departments. 5520-6131) or 078-242-1742.
The status of students is also diverse such as It is strongly recommended to confirm with
exchange program student, auditor or non-degree one’s home institution concerning the handling of
credit earning student.) earned credits.
A list of programs with eligibility not limited to
the universities under the student exchange agree-
ment is available on the AIEJ website or inquire at
the Information Center.
25
8. Scholarships
1. Types mofaserv.html )
2) Local government and private foundation schol-
Financial assistance may be in the form of arships
scholarships, tuition fee reduction, or material as- As of March 2000, three local governments and
sistance. Some scholarships for international stu- 16 private organizations offer scholarships that
dents in Japan can be applied for in the student's can be applied for from outside Japan. Most of
home country, before the student enters Japan, but them are offered for regular graduate school
most scholarships must be applied for in Japan, students and they are restricted to certain nation-
after the student's arrival. Most scholarships are for alities and special fields of study. For further
students at the university level or above and re- information inquire directly to each local govern-
searchers. There are few scholarships for students ment or foundation.
at special training colleges or for students studying 3) AIEJ Short-term Student Exchange Promotion
at Japanese-language institutes. Program (Inbound) Scholarships
Most scholarships cover only a part of a student's AIEJ offers scholarships to international students
education and living expenses; only a few cover all who will be accepted by a Japanese university for
the expenses. Therefore, students should check the short-term study under student exchange agree-
cost of study in Japan carefully and plan their ment between the Japanese university and the
funding, without relying on a scholarship. university in which the international student is
A survey of Privately-financed International enrolled. For further information, inquire at your
Students conducted by AIEJ in 1999 shows that university.
63.4% of privately-financed international students
are on scholarships, receiving an average stipend of (2) Scholarships you can apply for after you
¥46,000 per month. According to the Association come to Japan
for the Promotion of Japanese Language Educa- 1) Japanese government (Monbukagakusho) schol-
tion, only 9.6% of Japanese-language students are arships (local selection and university recom-
on scholarships, receiving an average stipend of mendation)
¥36,320 per month (as of October 1999). Applicants should be privately-financed interna-
tional students who currently study in Japanese
(1) Scholarships you can apply for from outside universities. The amount of monthly provision is
Japan equal to that of students selected from outside
1) Japanese government (Monbukagakusho) schol- Japan. The number of scholarships is limited,
arships compared to those that can be applied for from
Since 1954, the Ministry of Education, Culture, outside Japan. Research students and short-term
Sports, Science and Technology has been offer- study international students cannot apply for them.
ing government scholarships to international stu- 2)Honors scholarships for privately-financed in-
dents, although the type of scholarship that can be ternational students
applied for differs according to each country. Honors scholarships are offered by Monbu-
Japanese embassies and consulates outside Japan kagakusho for privately-financed international
or Japanese universities solicit applications for students at universities, graduate schools, junior
six types of scholarships (for research students, colleges, colleges of technology, and special train-
teacher trainee students, undergraduate students, ing colleges in Japan who display excellence in
college of technology students, special training their academic work and character and who are
college students, and Japanese studies students). recognized to be in need of economic assistance
Monthly provisions are ¥185,500 for research during their stay in Japan. Applications should be
and teacher trainee students and ¥142,500 for made to the international students office after the
others. For further information on application international student has gained admission to an
and screening, call the Japanese embassy or a eligible educational institution. Monthly provi-
Japanese consulate in your home country. ( http:/ sions are ¥52,000 for college of technology,
/www.mofa.go.jp/about/emb_cons/ special training college, preparatory Japanese
26
Scholarships
27
9. Procedures for Entering Japan
Website of the Immigration Bureau, Ministry of Justice: http://www.moj.go.jp/NYUKAN/nyukan01.htm
1. Procedures for entering Japan cant applies for a visa at a Japanese embassy or
consulate located outside Japan without getting
A person who wishes to enter Japan as an his/her "certificate of eligibility for the status of
international student must fulfill the following pro- residence" issued. Procedures take consider-
cedures: able time for moving application documents
1) Gain admission to a Japanese educational back and forth between the applicant’s country
institution (Japanese language institute, jun- and Japan and also within Japan.
ior college, university, etc.) of your choice. (2) Applying for a visa upon the issuance of a
2) Acquire your home country’s passport. "certificate of eligibility for the status of resi-
3) Acquire a visa at a Japanese embassy or dence".
consulate in your home country. A foreign applicant may receive his/her “certifi-
cate of eligibility for the status of residence”
2. Status of residence issued by a Regional Immigration Bureau in
The status of residence defines the types of Japan through the proxy such as school or guar-
activities that foreign residents are allowed to un- antor before applying for his/her visa. This
dertake in Japan and the status or positions they are method will, in principle, make visa issuance
allowed to hold. It is classified into 27 different procedures easier and quicker compared to the
categories. procedure in (1).
International students entering Japan to attend
a university, junior college, special training col- Procedures for applying for a visa upon the
lege, college of technology, or a preparatory inter- issuance of a "certificate of eligibility for the status
national student program at a private university or of residence" are described in the following page.
a junior college are given the status of residence as Application procedures are the same for both pre-
“college student,” under which the period of stay is college (shugaku) and college (ryugaku) student
usually one or two years. International students residency status but the necessary documents to get
who are going to attend a Japanese university for a a visa issued differ according to the applicant’s
short period of less than one year while maintaining situation.
their student status at their home university are also 4. Immigration procedures to go to
given the status of residence as “college student” if Japan to take an entrance examina-
the host university accepts them as international tion
students. Those who will attend Japanese-lan-
guage institutes other than Preparatory Japanese- Students who take entrance examinations in
language programs offered by universities and post- Japan usually need to get a visa with the status of
secondary courses offered by special training col- “temporary visitor” for the purpose of taking an
leges will be given the status of residence as “pre- examination. Students are required to submit the
college student (shugaku-sei)” who are usually examination voucher (jukenhyo) certifying that
allowed to stay in Japan for six months, one year or they are going to take an entrance examination.
two years. This visa will allow them to stay in Japan for 15
If a student gains admission to a university or days or 90 days, but if they complete registration
special training college while studying at a Japa- for a school during the valid period of stay, they
nese-language institute, he or she can change the may also apply to change their status of residence
status of residence from “pre-college student” to to “college student” and receive a new certificate,
“college student.” of eligibility for the status of residence. Please
inquire at the regional immigration bureau.
3. Procedures for visa application Please note that with a general visa having the
There are two methods of applying for a visa: status of “temporary visitor” and not endorsed for
(1) Applying for a visa without the issuance of a the purpose of taking an examination, you can not
"certificate of eligibility for the status of resi- apply to change your status of residence within
dence". Japan.
This is a method through which a foreign appli-
28
Procedures for Entering Japan
Japanese embassy or
consulate
Issues visa
Applies for entry permission Immigration Bureau's airport branch
Applicant Airport/harbor office
Permits landing
Grants status of residence
Documents necessary when applying for a Certificate of Eligibility for a Status of Residence
29
Procedures for Entering Japan
5. Guarantor for entry formalities later return to continue the same activities, you
should get a re-entry permit at a regional immigra-
The regulation that an applicant required a tion bureau or office as indicated on page 31 before
guarantor for entry into Japan or to get his/her status departing Japan. Then you will not be required to
of residence examined at a government office in apply again for a new visa as long as you enter
Japan was abolished in 1996. However, students Japan within the re-entry permit period.
need someone who will financially support them
during their stay in Japan unless they can pay their 8. Extension of period of stay
expenses on their own.
Students may need a guarantor for other pur- If you wish to continue staying in Japan with
poses, including the admission to school. Please your current status of residence beyond the granted
refer to page 35. period that is decided at the time of entry to Japan,
you must file an application with a regional immi-
6. Alien registration gration bureau or office for permission to extend
the period before the expiration date of the current
Foreigners who are scheduled to stay in Japan period of stay. (An application for the extension of
for more than 90 days must apply for alien registra- the period of stay is usually accepted about two
tion at the municipal office of the area where they months before the expiration date of the period of
reside within 90 days of entering Japan. stay.)
If you remain in Japan illegally beyond the
(1) Registration procedures granted period of stay, you become liable for pun-
In principle, a foreigner should go to the mu- ishment and compulsory deportation.
nicipal office in the area of residence in person, fill
in the official “application for alien registration” 9. Changing one’s status of residence
form, which is available at the relevant counter, and
submit this form, together with a passport and two If you cease your present activities and decide
copies of a photograph. to engage in activities that come under a status of
residence other than the one that you currently
(2) Carrying the alien registration certificate at have, you must receive permission to change your
all times and returning it when leaving Japan status of residence at a regional immigration bu-
permanently. reau or office.
After your application for alien registration, If you engage in activities outside of your status
you will be informed of the issuance of your “alien of residence without permission, you are liable for
registration certificate” within a designated period, punishment and compulsory deportation.
and subsequently you must go to receive the certifi-
cate during that designated period. 10. Bringing family members to Japan
A foreigner who is issued an alien registration If you are staying in Japan with the “college
certificate must carry it at all times and show to student” residency status, your dependent spouse
Immigration Inspectors, Immigration Control Of- and children can also stay in Japan with the resi-
ficers, Police Officers, and other officials if re- dence status of “dependent,” for the same period as
quested. you.
Also, when leaving Japan, except when the If you have family dependants, it would be
foreigner has received re-entry permission, the better not to invite them to Japan until you become
foreigner must return the alien registration certifi- accustomed to life in Japan and have made all
cate to Immigration Inspectors at the airport or preparations, including financial means, necessary
other port of departure. for doing that.
7. Procedures to return home Once they enter Japan with “temporary visitor
visas” (commonly called “tourist visas”), it would
temporarily
be difficult for them to change their status of
residence to “dependent” within Japan.
If you are staying in Japan and you want to leave
temporarily during the permitted period of stay and
30
Procedures for Entering Japan
Narita Airport District 1-1 Furugome, Narita City, New Tokyo International Airport
0476-34-2221
Immigration Office Chiba Pref.
Nagoya Regional 4-3-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Aichi, Mie, Shizuoka, Gifu, Fukui,
052-955-0931
Immigration Bureau Nagoya City, Aichi Pref. Toyama, Ishikawa
Osaka Regional 2-1-17 Tanimachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Nara, Shiga,
06-6941-0771
Immigration Bureau Osaka City, Osaka Pref. Wakayama
31
10. Living in Japan
1. Public safety 3. Cost of living
Japan has a relatively low crime rate compared Japan is known to be one of the most expensive
with other countries in the world. It has gained a countries in the world. The following are just some
reputation as a safe and secure nation with a high examples of typical products and services:
arrest rate. It should be noted, however, that re- Coca Cola (350 ml can) ¥118 (US$1.03)
cently there has been an increase in the number of Milk (one liter) ¥211 ($1.83)
heinous crimes. Even though Japan is known as a Hamburger ¥166 ($1.44)
safe country, you must take constant care not to Rice (10kg) ¥4,929 ($42.86)
become involved in any crime, just as in your own Bread (1kg) ¥420 ($3.65)
country. Tissues (five boxes) ¥383 ($3.33)
2. Japanese currency Dry cleaning (business suit) ¥1,101 ($9.57)
Gasoline (one liter) ¥102 ($0.89)
The Japanese currency is the yen. There are Movie theater admission fee ¥1,800 ($15.65)
four types of bill (¥1,000, ¥2,000, ¥5,000, and Video rental fee (one rental) ¥399 ($3.47)
¥10,000) and six coins (¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥50, ¥100, and Delivered pizza (one pizza) ¥2,100 ($18.26)
¥500). All the main currencies can be changed at
(Calculated at an exchange rate of $1= ¥115.)
banks that handle foreign exchange. Exchange
Note: Consumption tax (5%) is added to the
rates are the same at all banks.
above prices.
Payments are usually made in cash in Japan,
Source: Study on Retail Prices of Major Con-
although there has been an increase in the number
sumer Goods and Services between Japan and
of stores accepting and the number of people using
credit cards. Checks are not commonly used. Abroad, the Economic Planning Agency, pub-
Since the year 2000, a debit card service has lished in 1999.
started by using cash cards issued by banks and post http://www5.cao.go.jp/2000/d/0516d-naigai/
office. shouhizai1.gif
32
Living in Japan
Sources:
Spcial Training Colleges
(Post Secondary Courses) Japanese-language Institutes • Graduate schools:
Daigakuin Annai 2000
(Tokyo Tosho Co., Ltd.)
National 118,000 Six-month course 357,000 - 422,000
One-year course 410,000 - 1,080,000 • Universities and junior colleges:
Local public 142,000 18-month cours 590,000 - 1,530,000 Ministry of Education, Culture,
Two-year course 770,000 - 1,715,000 Sports, Science and Technology
Private (Monbukagakusho)
Medical technology 1,229,250
1,076,000 • Special training colleges (post
Health
secondary courses):
Industry 1,160,000
Metropolitan Tokyo Professional
Culture and humanities 1,127,000
Institution Association
Practical business 1,068,000
Education and welfare 1,061,000 • Japanese-language institutes:
Home economics 850,000 Japanese Language Institutes in
Japan 2000 (Association for the
Promotion of Japanese
Language Education)
33
Living in Japan
According to the survey by AIEJ, the average The national government, local governments,
monthly living expenses, including school expenses and universities run residences for international
of international students in Japan, shows that such type of students, but since this accommodation is
living expenses are considerably higher for Tokyo limited, very few international students are able to
than for other regional cities. benefit from it. About 68% of international stu-
dents live in private accommodation.
Average Monthly Living Expenses of an The housing situation in Japan is not very good,
International Student as of November 1999 and it is very difficult to find accommodation,
(unit: yen) especially in the Tokyo metropolitan area. When
looking for private accommodation, one can in-
Region quire at a real estate agency in the chosen area.
Hokkaido 121,000 Those with the status of residence of "college
Tohoku 119,000 student" may also seek accommodation through
Kanto 159,000 the Center for Domestic and Foreign Students.
Tokyo 165,000 Rent for private accommodation is more expensive
Chubu 128,000 than for student residences. According to a survey
Kinki 136,000 by the Center for Domestic and Foreign Students,
Chugoku 115,000 the monthly rents are as follows:
Shikoku 116,000 Monthly rent for an apartment in Tokyo:
Kyushu 126,000 a. 6-tatami mat (9.6 square meter) room (shared
toilet) less than ¥40,000
National average 142,000
b. 6-tatami mat room with cooking facilities and
Source: "Survey of Privately-Financed International toilet about ¥40,000
Students" by AIEJ, Nov. 1999 c. 6-tatami mat room with cooking facilities, toilet
Note: School expenses included.
and bath about ¥60,000
d. 6-tatami mat room with cooking facilities, toilet,
bath and air-conditioning ¥66,000
34
Living in Japan
35
Living in Japan
example, late-night work will affect a student's February 11 National Foundation Day
ability to concentrate the next day.) March 20(21) Vernal Equinox Day
(2) Methods of payment (taxes; payment on a daily, The holiday will be either one of dates depending on a year.
36
Living in Japan
9. Expense for medical treatment / bursements cannot be made for medical treatment
National Health Insurance system that is not covered by the National Health Insurance
system. The reimbursement amounts to 80% of the
Medical treatment in Japan is expensive. The cost incurred by the international student for medi-
cost of one visit to the doctor for treating a cold is cal treatment at a hospital or clinic. Accordingly,
about ¥5,000 for people without insurance. The using both the National Health Insurance system
medical fees for a person hospitalized for one week and AIEJ's reimbursement program, an interna-
with an illness like appendicitis will come to tional student will have to pay only 4% to 6% of a
¥200,000, and the cost of treating a single decayed medical bill for any treatment covered by the insur-
tooth to tens of thousands of yen, which places a ance.
heavy financial burden on the patient. In order to A student will be required to pay a certain
relieve this financial burden, under Japanese law all amount of money to get medicine prescribed after
residents must enroll in the National Health Insur- seeing a doctor as an outpatient but the charge for
ance system. medicine will be covered by AIEJ's International
The law stipulates that international students Student Medical Fee Reimbursement Program.
staying in Japan for a year or longer should enroll
in the National Health Insurance system. Enroll- 10. Extracurricular activities
ment procedures are carried out at the local ward or
municipal office, and payments are made monthly. Extracurricular activities are extremely popu-
The premium varies by area, and students without lar in Japanese universities and special training
a source of income while in Japan usually pay a schools and international students are welcome to
reduced premium. participate. Indeed, international students are
Subscribers to the National Health Insurance strongly recommended to add spice to their stay in
system have to pay only 20% to 30% of medical Japan by joining a club in which they can make the
expenses for any treatment covered by the insur- most of their skills and interests other than study
ance. Expenses for medical treatment not covered and make many friends with Japanese students.
by the insurance must be paid in full. Most universities have a wide variety of clubs,
The AIEJ International Student Medical Fee ranging from cultural interests, such as music, art,
Reimbursement program offers an additional re- tea ceremony, and flower arrangement and interna-
fund of part of the medical expenses incurred. tional exchange, to sports, including soccer, base-
University or college international student offices ball, volleyball, judo, swimming, skiing and tennis.
handle application procedures. Note that reim-
To be paid
Covered by National Health Insurance (70-80%) Student's temporary payment (20-30%) by the student (100%)
37
11.Internship Program and Employment
1. Internship program E-mail : kabe@etic.gr.jp
If you are a student living outside Japan,
In recent years, the number of people who AIESEC (Association Internationale des Etudiants
experience internship as employment experience en Sciences Economiques et Commerciales: http:/
while they are students has been increasing. /www.jp.aiesec.org), which is a student organiza-
In general, internship is a system through which tion having committees in more than 700 universi-
a student gains working experience relating to his/ ties in 84 countries in the world, and conducts
her major field and future career at a company, etc. recruitment for internship programs for overseas
while still at school. The way of receiving students companies.
differs by company: some receiving them as part of
the "workforce," which is the same as a part-time 2. Employment
job, or some facilitating intership as a"part of the
curriculum" for the students to earn credits. In case The number of international students who ob-
you receive financial remuneration from the com- tain employment in Japanese companies after gradu-
pany, you need to receive permission for "activity ation is increasing year by year. According to the
other than that of the designated visa status." Immigration Bureau, the number of international
Regarding the availability of internship sys- students who applied to change their status of
tems and transfer of the internship experience into residence so that they could work in Japan was
credits, please directly confirm with each school at 3,071 in 1999. Permission was granted to 2,989 of
the time of your selection of schools. Information them, which is 97.3% of the cases. The main points
on companies receiving internship students, regis- taken into account when screening applications for
tration and other items are disclosed over the Internet a change of residency status for the purpose of
as well. employment are: (1) educational background, (2)
If a student who is registered at a university the type of jobs in which the applicant wants to be
outside Japan enters Japan to have employment employed, (3) remuneration, and (4) condition of
experience as a part of the curriculum for obtaining the company concerned.
credits from his/her university based on agreement Educational background includes graduates of
between the university and the company, the status universities, junior colleges and colleges of tech-
of residence will be "Designated Activities," "Cul- nology, and those who graduated from special
tural Activities" or "Temporary Visitor" depending training colleges and obtained a qualification of
on whether financial remuneration is provided or "senmon-shi (technical associate)." Concerning
not and the period of stay in Japan. the type of jobs, it is important that your work
If you wish to take an internship program while should be related to the subject that you majored in.
studying in Japan, please inquire at "ETIC," a non- For example, it would be difficult, in principle,
profit organization. for someone who studied costume design to obtain
Tokyo office: 17th Floor, SHIBUYA MARKCITY a change in status of residence to work as a com-
WEST, 1-12-1, Dogenzaka, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo puter programmer. As regards remuneration, the
TEL: +81-3-5459-0417 FAX: +81-3-5459-0418 salary should be at least the same as that of Japanese
E-mail : info@etic.gr.jp employees. As regards the condition of the com-
Kansai office: Studio-TO Research Park , Kurita- pany, there are no official standards, but the com-
cho, Chudoji, Shimogyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto pany should fulfill certain standards in terms of its
TEL: +81-75-325-5110 FAX: +81-75-315-9297 stable business foundation and performance. For
38
Internship Program and Employment
details about procedures and documents necessary students; (5) participating in visits to companies;
for application, please consult regional immigra- (6) contacting consulting organizations such as the
tion bureaus. Center for Domestic and Foreign Students and the
Information on employment in Japan can be Employment Service Center for Foreigners.
gathered by the following methods: (1) talking with
people who have studied in Japan and now work for
Japanese companies; (2) using the careers advice
department of your school; (3) reading employ-
ment magazines for international students; (4)
attending employment seminars for international
39
(References)
Number of international students in ate courses at universities, about 37% attend gradu-
Japan ate schools, and about 14% attend special training
colleges (Fig. 4). The principal majors of interna-
As of May 1, 2000, the total number of interna- tional students are social science, humanities, and
tional students attending Japanese institutions of engineering (Fig. 5).
higher education stood at 64,011 according to a International students attending national gradu-
survey by the Ministry of Education, Science, ate schools account for about 72% of the total
Sports, and Culture (presently "the Ministry of number of international post-graduate students
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technol- studying in Japan, while most junior college and
ogy") (see Figure 1). About 90% of these students special training school students go to private schools
came from other Asian countries (see Figures 2 and (see Table 1).
3). Fig. 6 shows universities which accept many
By type of educational institution, about 43% international students. About 51% of international
of these international students attend undergradu- students attend schools in the Kanto region sur-
rounding Tokyo and about 18% go to schools in the
Kinki region surrounding Osaka (see Table 2).
Fig. 1 Number of International Students in Japan (As of May 1 every year)
65000 64,011
60000
55,755
Total 53,787 53,847
55000 52,921 53,640
52,405
51,047 51,298
50000 48,561
45,577 45.439
45,066 45,245
45000 44,783 43,573
41,347
41,804
41,273 41,390
40000
38,775
35,360
35000
Prevately Financed Students
31,251
30000
25,643
25,852
25000
22,154
20,549
20000 18,631
17,701
15,009
15000 14,659
12,410
11,733
Japanese government scholarship students
10,428
8,774 8,930
10000 8,116 9,267 8,051 8,250 8,323
7,179 7,371
5,933
6,572
7,483 6,408 6,880
5,699
4,961 5,219
5,677 4,118 4,465
5000 4,645 4,784 5,126 3,077 3,458 Foreign government sponsored students
2,502
1,777 2,082 2,345
1,183 1,369 1,578 995 976 934 1,026 1,072 1,058 1,214 1,330 1,231 1,297 1,524 1,585 1,542 1,441
863 798 774 895
105 419 475 662
0
'79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 2000
Note: Foreign government sponsored students refer to international students sent Source: Ministry of Education, Science,
by the governments of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Thailand, Singapore, Sports and Culture
United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Uzbekistan.
40
References
60 60
50 50
40 40
20 20
10 10
0 0
Fig. 4 International Students in Japan by Type of Educational Institution (As of May 1, 2000)
70 70
50 50
40 40 7,124 (79.8%)
30 30
20 20
23,580 (36.8%) Graduate school
10 10
0 0
Source: Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture
41
References
1,276 (14.3%)
90 90
70 70
50 50
30
462 (5.2%)
2,731 (4.3%) Medicine, dentistry, etc. 30
Fig. 6 Top 10 Universities in Terms of Number of International Students (As of May 1, 2000)
National 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Tokyo 1,939
Nagoya 1,050
Kyoto 1,042
Tsukuba 965
Osaka 893
Kyushu 812
Tohoku 801
Tokyo Institute of Technology 750
Hiroshima 723
Chiba 672
Waseda 1,129
Nihon 768
Takushoku 709
Meikai 486
Keio 484
Kyushu Sangyo 471
Chuo 452
Ritsumeikan 425
Jyousai Kokusai 422
Rissho 409
42
References
Table 2 International Students in Japan by Region and Prefecture (As of May 1, 2000 )
Mie 393
1,308
Hokkaido Hokkaido 1,308 Shiga 167
(2.0%)
11,721 Kyoto 3,103
Kinki
Aomori 166 (18.3%) Osaka 5,379
Iwate 201 Hyogo 2,067
1,995 Miyagi 1,100 Nara 524
Tohoku
(3.1%) Akita 125 Wakayama 88
Yamagata 190 Tottori 192
Fukushima 213 2,799 Shimane 147
Chugoku
Ibaraki 1,668 (4.4%) Okayama 857
Tochigi 511 Hiroshima 1,210
Gunma 583 Yamaguchi 393
32,300
Kanto Saitama 2,515 Tokushima 175
(50.5%)
Chiba 2,443 843 Kagawa 181
Shikoku
Tokyo 22,314 (1.3%) Ehime 347
Kanagawa 2,226 Kochi 140
Niigata 970 Fukuoka 2,749
Toyama 303 Saga 257
Ishikawa 573 Nagasaki 613
7,233
Fukui 214 5,812 Kumamoto 387
(11.3%) Kyushu
Chubu Yamanashi 236 (9.1%) Oita 746
Nagano 383 Miyazaki 140
Gifu 672 Kagoshima 392
Shizuoka 515 Okinawa 528
Aichi 3,367 Total 64,011 (100.0%)
Note: University campuses that stretch across two or more prefectures are Source: Ministry of Education, Science,
considered as being located in the prefecture hosting the main office. Sports and Culture
▲ AIEJ Headquarters
43
Student Guide to Japan 2001
Original language : Japanese
Published by :
Association of International Education, Japan (AIEJ)
Information Center
(until May 2001)
4-5-29 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8503
Tel: 03-5454-5216 (Voice & Fax Information Service)
Fax: 03-5454-5236
(from May 2001)
2-79 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8630
Tel: 03-5520-6131 (Voice & Fax Information Service)
Fax: 03-5520-6121
http://www.aiej.or.jp E-mail:nippon@aiej.or.jp
44