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Table of Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................2
Objective: ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Geotechnical Data...........................................................................................................................3
Raft Modeling and Analysis...........................................................................................................4
Raft dimensions: ............................................................................................................................4
Why Raft should be used................................................................................................................4
Initial Raft thickness.......................................................................................................................5
Punching shear check ....................................................................................................................6
Soil pressure check ........................................................................................................................8
Settlement check ............................................................................................................................8
Crack width check..........................................................................................................................9
Uplift pressure check.....................................................................................................................10
Uplift Flotation check ...................................................................................................................11
Strength design reinforcement check.............................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References .....................................................................................................................................12
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Foundation Design Report
Foreword
This foundation will be done for a G+12 story building. The raft will be used for economical
consideration. The justification of using raft foundation will be discussed in vertical load carrying
elements section.
The raft foundation is a kind of combined footing that may cover the entire area under the structure
supporting several vertical load carrying elements in one rigid body. In this project, the soil profile
shows that the bearing stress is around 200 kN/m2. The raft foundation is usually used with this
kind of soil. The vertical load carrying elements have high axial loads. If spread footings used, the
area of the footing required will be big as will be shown in vertical load carrying elements section.
In this big spread footing condition, the raft foundation could be much practical and economical.
In this project, the raft will be designed as flat plate, which has a uniform thickness and without
any beams or pedestals.
Objective
This report shows the structural design of the raft foundation. The raft is modeled in SAFE
software. All analysis and design are based on the IS code. Raft foundation can be design using
several methods. In this project the method used in the design called “the Conventional Rigid
Method” and all design steps will be shown in the report. All design parameters are shown in
table 1.
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Foundation Design Report
Geotechnical data
Subsurface Conditions
LAYER II: (Commences at 1.0 m to 2.5 m end at 1.75 m to 3.0 m) sandy soil
The next layer is yellowish sand with rock fragment having a thickness of 0.5 meters to 1.3 meters.
The following layer is grayish basaltic rocky formation from 1.75 m to 3.0 m depth. The rock layer
possesses 61% to 72% recovery and 14% to 50% RQD values at commencement. The recovery
and RQD values show an improvement along the depth. The basaltic layer is noted up to a drilled
depth.
The groundwater table was encountered at 2.0 m to 3.2 m depth below G.L. The water is alkaline
in nature with pH = 7.33. The chlorides (650 ppm) and sulphate (280 ppm) are well within the
limits.
For the purpose of the design of retaining structures such as underground stack parking, basement
wall to sustain level differences, the various soil parameters in absence of data will be considered.
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Foundation Design Report
Raft dimensions
Raft foundation has been modeled in SAFE software. The plan of the raft is shown in figure 1.
Raft layout
This foundation will be used for a loose sand soil. The properties used in the analysis and the
design of this raft foundation are shown in table.
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Foundation Design Report
If a single square footing need to be designed under the maximum axial load that is occurred in
vertical load carrying elements.
qe = 100 kN/m2
Total Maximum Service Axial load =1962 kN
Area of single square footing = 1.1X1962/100
= 21.6m2
B X B=21.6
B=4.7m
This area is considered to be very big to be excavated under one vertical load carrying element.
So the raft foundation will be much efficient and more economical for this foundation.
Find out initial thickness of raft foundation Only for Judgment point of view.
In Raft foundation, the thickness can be determined by checking the diagonal tension shear that
will be imposed in the raft. The maximum ultimate vertical load carrying elements load will be
used in the calculation.
𝑃𝑐 = (𝑏𝑜) (𝑑) (∅) (0.34) √𝑓𝑐k (As per IS 2950 Part-1)
Where,
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Foundation Design Report
In this Raft,
𝑃𝑐 =Capacity of vertical load carrying element having maximum value in entire raft
foundation
And by using the equation above, the required depth of the raft can be determined.
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Foundation Design Report
The value of shear stress in coordinate 0.712 having valve of 0.440 N/mm2 <0.773 N/mm2
(
allowable)
…………………………………………………………………….Safe
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Foundation Design Report
In this section, the soil net pressure should be checked in each point of the raft foundation. The
raft foundation is not symmetric around x-axis nor y-axis due to difference in the vertical load
carrying elements positions and loads. Moments effects on the raft should be checked to assure
that the stresses of the raft under all vertical load carrying elements are less than the net allowable
stress which is equal to 200 kN/m2.
Settlement check
SAFE software has been used in the modeling of the raft, because the SAFE is specified slabs,
footing and mat foundations modeling. Figure shows the settlements contours that are analyzed
by SAFE software. The maximum settlement occurred is equal to 24.5 millimeter.
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Foundation Design Report
N/m
fck= 30 m2
N/m
fy= 500 m2
5584
Area of reinforcement " As " = 1 mm2
b= 1000 mm
h= 600 mm
d= 493 mm
Minimum cover to tension reinforcement " CO "
= 50 mm
Maximum bar spacing " S " = 125 mm
Bar dia " DIA " = 25 mm
" acr " =(((S/2)^2+(CO+DIA/2)^2)^(1/2)-DIA/2)
as default or enter other value = 75.89 mm
"acr " is distance from the point considered to the surface of the nearest
longitudinal bar
Applied service moment " Ms "= 950.3 KNm
CALCULA
TIONS
moduli of elasticity of concrete " Ec" = KN/
(1/2)*(20+0.2*fcu) = 13.0mm2
KN/
moduli of elasticity of steel " Es " = 200.0 mm2
Modular ratio " " = (Es/Ec) = 15.38
" " = As/bd = 0.113
depth to neutral axis, "x" = (- +(()2 +
2.)0.5.d = 400 mm
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Foundation Design Report
After checking top steel direction 1 having maximum additional steel 99.433 mm2/m
This additional steel included in detailing of raft foundation
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Foundation Design Report
=Height of water table x density of water < thickness of raft x density of concrete
=1x10< 0.6x25
=10<15
………………………………………………………….safe
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Foundation Design Report
Top
Direction 1 =T25@125 mm
Direction 2 =T25@125 mm
Top
Direction 1 =T8@300 mm
Direction 2 =Not Required
Conclusion
At the end of this project, really happy that involved in the Raft design. The raft foundation is
considered to be a very common foundation type especially where the soil having low soil
bearing capacity. We also have been involved in using SAFE analysis and design software which
is really professional and helped us for this project.
References
- Braja M.Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, 6th edition, 2007 by Nelson, Chris Carson
- IS code 1904 Indian Standard Code of practice for design & construction foundations in Soil
General Requirements.
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