SAMPLE

PUHE 6003 Biostatistics

Questions

Try these questions before the solutions are posted on Monday!!

Question 1

Descriptive statistics for glucose levels from samples of 100 males and 100 females are given in
Table 1.

Gender N Mean Median Trimmed StDev SE Min Max

Mean Mean
Male 100 178 200 198 * 0.008 140 369
Female 100 215 214 212 10.2 ** 100 468
Descriptive Statistics for Glucose levels for the two samples.
Table 1

(i) Fill in the gaps marked by * and ** . [2 marks]

(ii) Assuming normality, state the parameters of the distribution of glucose for females. [2
marks]

Mean =

Variance =

(iii) Find the probability that a randomly selected female will have a glucose level less than 230.
[5 marks]
(iv) Find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean glucose level of females and give an
interpretation of the results. State any assumptions you use. [6 marks]

Calculations:

Interpretation:
(v) Suppose 6 females are randomly selected from the population, what is the probability that at
most 2 of them would have a glucose level less than 230? [ Hint: Use the results from part (iii)
in order to solve this problem]. [5 marks]

Question 2
Random samples of 18 men and 20 women were asked what they thought is a desirable Body Mass
Index (BMI). Figure 1 and Exhibit I were produced using Minitab.

Figure 1

Exhibit I

(i) State the hypotheses being tested by referring to Exhibit I. State the assumption the researcher
is making with respect to the variances. [2 marks]
(ii) What assumptions are made about the variances in this test? Do you believe we should assume
that the variances are the same? Give evidence from Figure 1 to support your stance. [2 marks]

(iii) Would a paired t-test be more appropriate here? Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks]

(iv) Based on the output, what would be your conclusion to the hypotheses being tested?
[2 marks]

(v) Using information from the output, explain how the p-value (p-value = 0.024) was obtained.
 [2 marks]

(vi) If you were dong a two-tailed test, what would be the p-value? State the hypotheses and the
conclusion. [ 3 marks]

Question 3

A researcher measures the happiness propensity scores for 4 groups of individuals. These scores are
used to determine the likelihood that someone would contract a contagious disease in the future.
Figure 2, an incomplete table (Table 2 ) and Exhibit II are produced. Figure 2 is the original data.
The data was subsequently transformed and the output shown in Exhibit II.
(The label for Figure II should be Happiness propensity scores and on the x axis the label should be
group.)
 Figure 2

One-way ANOVA: Propensity Score versus Groups

Factor Information
Factor Levels Values
Groups 4 1, 2, 3, 4

Means
Groups N Mean StDev 95% CI
1 4 14.48 3.16 (10.46, 18.50)
2 4 9.73 3.57 ( 5.71, 13.76)
3 4 12.807 1.506 (8.787, 16.828)
4 4 18.12 5.44 (14.09, 22.14)

Pooled StDev = 3.69094

Tukey Pairwise Comparisons

Grouping Information Using the Tukey Method and 95% Confidence

Groups N Mean Grouping

4 4 18.12 A
1 4 14.48 A B
3 4 12.807 A B
2 4 9.73 B
Means that do not share a letter are significantly different.

Exhibit II

(i) Comment on whether the assumptions that are necessary, are met, by referring to Figure 2.
[3 marks]

(ii) Complete the ANOVA Table below for this output. Fill in the blanks in Table 2.
(Show any working in the space after Table 2) [6 marks]

ANOVA
Score
Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between Groups
(Treatment) 100 ___ _____ _____

Within Groups (Error) ________ ___ _____

Total 300 15
 Table 2

(Show your working here)

(iii) State the hypotheses being tested in the ANOVA table (Table 2). State the conclusions of the
test. [4 marks]

(iv) Estimate the p-value for this test. [3marks]

(v) Explain the information Exhibit II provides. Perform appropriate tests and make suitable
conclusions based on the information in Exhibit II. [5 marks]
(vi) John looked at Figure 2 and commented that the data were not normally distributed. Advise
John of the options available when the normality assumption does not hold for the one way
analysis of variance. [2 marks]

(vii) Someone came and produced the following plots. How do these plots assist in the model
building process? [6 marks]
Question 4

A principal is exploring how an punctuality (reporting date variable) and indicator of success
(indicator variable) predict their Marks. The Manager randomly selected 52 new applicants and scored
the applicants according to their marks, reporting date and indicator variable. The scores were inputted
into MINITAB so as to fit the model

The regression equation is

Marks = 0 + 1 Reporting Date + 2 Indicator
(i) Write out the estimated regression equation. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain how the SE Coeff is obtained. Illustrate this by using the Reporting Data coefficient.
. [3 marks]
(iii) Are the predictors significant? How can we write the same hypotheses using the coefficients?
[3 marks]

(iv) Is 2 significantly different from 18? What is the p-value for this test? [4 marks]
(v) Perform the OMNIBUS F test. State the null and alternative hypotheses. [3 marks]
(vi) Explain the meaning of the statement, “R-Sq = 71.9%” Explain how you can get this value from
the ANOVA Table for the Regression Output. [2 marks]

(viii) Using the regression equation predict the value of the dependent variable when Reporting date
= 5, Indicator = 8. [2 marks]

When it is not advisable to use the regression equation for prediction? [2marks]
Question 5

(a) A researcher wants to determine the sample size necessary for his research project which involves
those admitted to the hospitals with diabetes. He wants to have a margin of error of 1.5% and be
90% confident of the results. The proportion of patients who is admitted with diabetes is
estimated as 25%. Calculate the sample size necessary. [5 marks]

(b) Table 3 summarizes results of a survey of 120 individuals.

Gender
Male Female
Ratings Good 40 10
Poor 20 50
Table 3

Perform the Chi-square test of independence on the data in Table 3. Use the level of
significance as 0.01. [10 marks]