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  • 12.3.1 High-Field Argument: 12 Quantum Hall

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    The document discusses the motion of electrons in a non-uniform electric field under a quantum Hall effect. It states that in the presence of an electric field, the center of the electron's orbit will begin to drift at a rate proportional to the electric field divided by the magnetic field. This drift gives rise to the Hall current. In the high magnetic field limit, the center of the orbit can be localized with increasing accuracy, and the electron's cyclotron motion occurs within a small range, allowing the electric field to be treated as uniform over the orbit.

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    The document discusses the motion of electrons in a non-uniform electric field under a quantum Hall effect. It states that in the presence of an electric field, the center of the electron's orbit will begin to drift at a rate proportional to the electric field divided by the magnetic field. This drift gives rise to the Hall current. In the high magnetic field limit, the center of the orbit can be localized with increasing accuracy, and the electron's cyclotron motion occurs within a small range, allowing the electric field to be treated as uniform over the orbit.

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    12.3.1 High-Field Argument: 12 Quantum Hall

    Uploaded by

    Supriya
    The document discusses the motion of electrons in a non-uniform electric field under a quantum Hall effect. It states that in the presence of an electric field, the center of the electron's orbit will begin to drift at a rate proportional to the electric field divided by the magnetic field. This drift gives rise to the Hall current. In the high magnetic field limit, the center of the orbit can be localized with increasing accuracy, and the electron's cyclotron motion occurs within a small range, allowing the electric field to be treated as uniform over the orbit.

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    of 1

    692 Ch.

    12 Quantum Hall Effect

    12.3.1 High-Field Argument


    Let us discuss the motion of a Landau electron in the presence of a
    non-uniform electric field. We use the Landau gauge, and add to the
    Hamiltonian (12.24) the potential energy term -e(p(z, y). The total
    potential is the sum of the potential of the externally applied electric
    field and a static disorder potential arising from charged impurities, etc.

    In the absence of an electric field, the center-of-orbit coordinates (12.47)


    are constants of motion. Switching on (p, the orbit center begins to drift

    If we consider only the homogeneous external field


    i c d cE
    Lo -4 --[20
    h ’
    -e(p ] = -[-,eEy]
    ext eH dy
    = - = vdrift
    H
    (12.72)

    Now we interpret (12.67) in the following manner: the Hall current is


    due to the slow drift of the centre of the cyclotron orbit. The fast
    cyclotron motion of the electron about the centre does not give rise to
    a macroscopic current.
    It is straightforward to generalize the above result to the case when
    the scalar potential is an arbitrary function of the coordinates

    20 - i cpy
    --[--,e(p(z,y)]
    ti e H
    cE
    = --
    H
    -c.
    H
    &dis
    -
    dy
    , (12.73)

    In the above equation, the potential is taken at the instantaneous posi-


    tion of the electron. Clearly, it would be very difficult to describe the
    motion of the electron if the electric field were changing substantially
    within a cyclotron radius.
    Let us, however, note that because of l 2 cx 1/H, a great conceptual
    simplification occurs in the high field limit [180, 1871. 20 and 90 ap-
    proximately commute and (12.59) permits to localize the centre of the

    -
    orbit with increasing accuracy. The cyclotron motion of the electron
    about the centre is taking place within a range 1, thus we can speak

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