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Thursday, March 8, 12 1
Fick’s 2nd Law
Assume no reaction
Mass Form Molar Form
⇥( ) (c)
= ⇤ · (n) = ⇤ · v( ) ⇤ · (j) = ⇥ · (N) = ⇥ · u(c) ⇥ · (J)
⇥t t
⇥( ) (x)
+ ⇥ · v( ) = [Do ](⇥2 ) + ⇥ · u(x) = [D](⇥2 x)
⇥t t
Thursday, March 8, 12 2
Scaling & Fick’s Second Law
(x)
+ ⇥ · u(x) = [D](⇥2 x)
t
Non-dimensionalization: we have length scale, time scale, and D.
⇤t
t = Dimensionless time
⌧
x 2
⇤ Dimensionless space
`
x = If D*=1 then ⌧ =
` D
⇤ ⌧
D = D 2 Dimensionless diffusivity
`
• Given D, we can estimate how long it will require for a species to diffuse distance ℓ.
• Given D, we can estimate how far the diffusion boundary layer will reach in time τ.
• If we measure the time that it takes to detect a species that diffuses some distance ℓ
through a pure fluid, we can estimate the binary diffusion coefficient for that species in
that fluid at the given temperature and pressure.
Thursday, March 8, 12 3
Diffusion Equations
⇥
“Generic” simplified form: + ⇥ · v = D ⇥2
⇥t
• No species diffusion ⇥t cp
• Pressure is steady.
Thursday, March 8, 12 4
T&K §5.4
n
Molar reference frame is most convenient, ct si P
because uz=constant for an ideal gas mixture = ⇥ · ct u + ct = V̄ 1
=
t Mi RT
in 1D. (we can also deduce that uz = 0) i=1
Thursday, March 8, 12 6
For the bulb at z=0:
Recall from our previous discussion
dx0i (Fick’s second law):
ct V0 = Ji A
dt (xL ) (x0 )
(x) = z + (x0 )
n
L
dx0i ⇤1 xL
j x0j ct
V0 = A Dij (J) = [D](xL x0 ).
dt j=1
L L
d(x0 ) A ⇥ What were the assumptions?
= [D] (xL ) (x ) 0
dt LV0
0
✓ ◆
d(x ) A V0 1 0 Must solve this (coupled)
= 1+ [D] (x ) (x ) system of ODEs for the
dt LV0 VL change in the composition
= [D] (x1 ) (x0 ) , in bulb 0 in time.
✓ ◆
A V0 Constant for a
⌘ 1+
LV0 VL given geometry.
Thursday, March 8, 12 7
Solution Strategy
d(x0 ) ⇥
= [D] (x ) (x )
0
dt
Solution Options:
• Solve this as a system of coupled ODEs.
• Make some assumptions to decouple the
system.
• note: we have already made some
assumptions to get the ODEs and the
expression for (J).
Thursday, March 8, 12 8
Heat Transfer Analogy
⌅T k 2
From before: + ⇤ · vT = ⇤ T,
⌅t cp
d2 T
Steady state, v=0: = 0,
dz 2
TL T0
Temperature solution: T = z + T0 ,
L
dT k
Heat flux: q = k = (TL T0 ).
dz L
(xL ) (x0 )
(x) = z + (x0 )
L
ct
(J) = [D](xL x0 )
L
Thursday, March 8, 12 9