Merge Result

BANSILAL RAMNATH AGARWAL CHARITABLE
TRUST
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PUNE-411037
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated To Savitribai Phule Pune
University)
Project Report
On
1) Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver – MATLAB

SIMULINK
2) Fabrication of control system for inspection of linear dimensions using
ARDUINO
Submitted by
1) Alhate Dipak B. (S-01) 2) Rao Siddesh S. (S-06)

3) Gadade Shubhangi D. (S-16) 4) Tarle Nikita S. (S-17)
5) Patil Swarali P. (S-20)
Prof. S. R. Padalkar Prof. (Dr.) M. B. Chaudhari
Guide Head of Department
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2017-2018
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “Accident prevention system for
drowsiness driver – MATLAB SIMULINK” and “Fabrication of control
system for inspection of linear dimensions using ARDUINO” has been
successfully completed for fulfillment of second year LAB project work at
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune under MECHATRONICS
subject.
SUBMITTED BY
Sr. No. Roll No. Name of student Gr. No.
1. 01 Alhate Dipak Bapu 162025

2. 06 Rao Siddesh Shripad 151191
3. 16 Gadade Shubhangi Dyaneshwar 162128
4. 17 Tarle Nikita Subhash 162027
5. 20 Patil Swarali Prashant 151526
Prof. S. R. Padalkar Prof. (Dr.) M. B. Chaudhari
Guide Head of Department
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2017-2018
ABSTRACT
Sorting of products in an industry is a tedious industrial process, which is generally
carried out manually. Continuous manual sorting creates quality consistency issues.
Segregation based on different characteristics like weight, colour, type, dimensions require
different equipment for weighing and then separating. We have proposed a cheap method
which uses conveyor belt, LDR and Arduino for identifying and segregating on the basis of
length of specimen. A laser beam is imparted on the LDR continuously. The proposed model
then calculates the time between HIGH and LOW of the LDR and then accordingly measures
the length of the time. This length is then compared to the standard results and accordingly a
message is displayed on the screen whether the component is accepted or rejected.
The Arduino is given the power supply from the computer and the conveyor belt
of the motor is driven by a DC motor of capacity 30 RPM.
Keywords: Arduino, inspection, linear dimensions, programming, etc

CONTENTS
Sr.No. Title Page No.
Abstract
Planning 1
A Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver 3
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Need 4
2 Literature survey 5
2.1 Current system research 5
2.2 Grip force requirement 6
3 Matlab Simulink 7
3.1 Construction 7
3.2 Matlab Simulink 7
3.3 Working and operation 9
3.3.1 Working 9
3.3.2 Matlab Simulink operation 9
4 Conclusions 10
5 References 11
B Fabrication of control system for inspection of 12
linear dimensions using ARDUINO
1 Introduction 12
1.1 Introduction 12
1.2 Project objective 13
1.3 Project Scope 13
1.4 Conceptual Framework 13
2 Literature Survey 14
2.1 Linear measurement devices and instruments 14
2.1.1 Steel Rule 14
2.1.2 Caliper 14
2.1.3 Micrometers 15
2.2 Literature Review 15
3 Construction and working 16
3.1 Construction 16
3.2 Design Methodology and Procedure 19
3.2.1 Mechanical implementation 19
3.2.2 Electronic implementation 19
3.2.3 Electric implementation 20
3.3 Circuit connection 20
3.4 Arduino Coding 20
3.5 Operation of model 23
3.6 Costing 24
4 Advantages and Disadvantages 25
4.1 Advantages 24
4.2 Disadvantages 24
5 Conclusions and future scope 26
5.1 Conclusions 26
5.2 Future scope 26
6 References 27
LIST OF FIGURES
A Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver
Fig.2.1 Vision based visual cues extraction 5
Fig.2.2 Controller based drowsiness detection system 6
Fig. 2.3 Sensors measuring the physical response 7
Fig 3.1 MATLAB SIMULINK 8
Fig.3.2 Simulation results (sensor pressure less than set value) 8
Fig.3.3 Simulation results (sensor pressure greater than set value) 9
B Fabrication of control system for inspection of linear dimensions using

arduino
Fig 1.1 Conceptual Framework 13
Fig. 2.1 Vernier caliper 15
Fig 2.2 Micrometer 15
Fig 3.1 LDR 17
Fig 3.2 Block Diagram of Ardino UNO 18
Fig 3.3 Motor 19
Fig 3.4 Circuit Diagram 20
Fig 3.5 Actual Model 24

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Planning
Table 3.1 Costing 24

“Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver” 2017
PLANNING
A. Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver
B. Fabrication of control system for inspection of linear dimensions using
ARDUINO
Planning:
Week 1 MATLAB Simulink
Week 5 Topic selection and work allotment (Project 1)
Week 6 Data Collection and discussion
Week 7 Matlab Simulink Model and Discussion
Week 8 Report and ppt for MSE review
Week 9 Topic Selection and Work allotment(Project 2)
Week 10 Review and Data Collection, Procurement
Week 11 Model Making Actual and MATLAB Simulink
Week 12 Report and Presentation
Week 13 Final Submission
1
Table -1 : Plan of Action
Name of Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7

student
Alhate Dipak Topic Matlab Matlab Prsentation and Topic selection MSE and Programming Report and
(S-1) selection(100) Simulink Case Model discussion(100) and Procurement(80) Arduino(100) ESE(100)
studies(100) Making(95) discussion(100)
Rao Siddesh Topic Matlab Matlab Prsentation and Topic selection MSE and Programming Report and
(S-6) Selection(100) Simulink Case Model discussion(100) and Procurement(80) Arduino(100) ESE(100)
studies(100) Making(95) discussion(100)
Gadade Topic Literature Report(95) Matlab Model Topic selection MSE and Model Report and
Shubhangi selection(100) survey and Analysis(90) and Procurement(80) Making(95) ESE(100)
(S-16) existing discussion(100)
system(100)
Tarle Nikita Topic Basic Report(95) Matlab Model Topic selection MSE and Model Report and
(S-17) selection(100) Programming Analysis(95) and Procurement(80) Making(95) ESE(100)
logic(100) discussion(100)
Patil Swarali Topic Basic Report(95) Matlab Model Topic selection MSE and Model Report and
(S-20) selection(100) Programming Analysis(95) and Procurement(80) Making(95) ESE(100)
logic(100) discussion(100)
2
A. ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM FOR

DROWSINESS DRIVER
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction:
The present project relates to safety systems for drivers of vehicles and, more
particularly, to a safety alarm system to alert drowsy drivers of a vehicle and assist vehicle
drivers in remaining awake and alert by means of alarm and water spraying system. The problem
of detecting sleepiness or drowsing in a driver of a motor vehicle has been prevalent since the
development of automotive transportation. According to various studies, a need exists for a
mechanical device to alert drivers who are drowsy to prevent them from falling asleep at the
wheel. Such a mechanical alert device would be sufficient in many cases to prevent the worst
case scenario of a driver falling into a complete state of sleep. Various alarm devices have been
designed and suggested to awaken a sleeping driver in order to prevent the large number of
accidents that may be attributed to the drowsiness of a vehicle driver. However, such devices
have not met with a high measure of success in the marketplace. This lack of success may be
attributed to factors such as complexity and expense of the device installation or inconvenience
to the vehicle driver.
A device is needed that is inexpensive, easy to install and retro-fittable to any vehicle.
Further a device is needed that is attractive, convenient and easy to use. The device should also
be optional by providing a switch that can be used by the driver to deactivate the device. Of
course the switch should be capable of disablement when desirable. For instance the device
should be capable of use by drivers convicted of driving under the influence of intoxicants as a
measure to guard against intoxication and lack of driver alertness. Such a device could be
included a probationary measure as punishment and a deterrent to further DUI. In this respect,
the safety alert system of the present invention is designed to prevent falling asleep at the
steering wheel of a motor vehicle and alert a driver of his or her drowsy condition. Also, the
device is convenient but requires greater alertness of the driver by requiring active input from
the driver. As well as a means for the driver to monitor his or her status.
1.2 Problem statement :

Design a control system for accident prevention of drowsiness drivers.
1.3 Need:
3
Sleep-divested driving is the process of functioning a motor vehicle while being

continuously messed up by lack of sleep. It is a key trigger of many motor vehicle catastrophes,
and it can blight the human brain as much as alcohol can. Drowsiness influence mental alertness,
intensifying the risk of can be triggered by numerous causes such as fatigue, lack of sleep and
the use of medication. In addition, an alternative reason that can be contemplated is the dullness
of driving on expressways or in jam-packed traffic. The persistent construction of highways and
upgrading of vehicle operation have made it feasible for drivers to benefit from enjoyable and
restful driving. Conversely, drivers are more pertinent to maneuvers their vehicles under tedious
driving circumstances.
4
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Current system used in practice:
A. Vision- Based Visual Cues Extraction
Fatigue monitoring starts with extracting visual parameters typically characterizing a person's
level of vigilance. This is accomplished via a vision system in computer. In current section, we
discuss the computer vision system we developed to achieve this goal. Figure below provides
an overview of our visual cues extraction system for driver fatigue monitoring. The system
consists of two cameras: one wide angle camera focusing on the face and another narrow angle
camera focusing on the eyes. The wide angles camera monitors head movement and facial
expression while the narrow angle camera monitors eyelid and gaze movements.
Fig.2.1 Vision based visual cues extraction

B. Controller Based Drowsiness Detection
The proposed integrated system architecture is depicted in below figure. As seen the driver
monitoring system outputs are used as an input for the controller and the control commands are
augmented with driver’s commands for the vehicle control in adverse conditions. A diagnosis
system constantly decides based on the risk level given by the driver monitoring system, the
vehicle and the controller conditions. Using these three information channels, the diagnosis
system can activate or deactivate the controllers according to the particular situation. In the
following sub-sections, monitoring and controller systems are detailed. The diagnosis system
structure requires several controllers and scenarios to be considered in a more extensive way.
Therefore, in this case study, the augmentation of the controller and driver for controlling the
vehicle and the role of the monitoring system are the focus. The system is a specific solution for
accident avoidance in the case of drowsiness/sleepiness with the assist of an adaptive robust
lateral controller with speed regulation as an auxiliary system.
5
Fig.2.2 Controller based drowsiness detection system

C. Detecting The Physiological Response Of Driver
In this method the driver drowsiness is monitored by planting various sensors on the driver’s
body. The sensors used are EKG (Electrocardiogram), GSR (Galvanic Skin Response), and
EMG (Electromyogram). The outputs received from these sensors are used in deciding the
alertness of the driver. All these sensors are to be continuously attached to the body of driver.
The main drawback of this system is the aging of the sensor response.
Fig. 2.3 Sensors measuring the physical response
2.2 Grip force requirements:

a) 5kPa- Normal driving condition on straight road
b) 10kPa- Driving turning phase
c) 50kPa- During critical driving conditions or a sudden brake or fast pick up
6
3. MATLAB SIMULINK
3.1 Construction:
It consist of following component:
i. Sensor:
It is used to detect that driver hand pressure or contact with the steering wheel. Two
types of sensors can be used: pressure or contact type.
ii. Arduino/Microcontroller:
It is used to program or setting various parameters of pump pressure or timer
duration, etc.
iii. Timer
It is used to set the time for clock signal.
iv. Buzzer
It will make a sound to wake up a driver.
v. Small Pump:
It is used to water sprinkle some water on face of drowsiness drivers.
vi. Wiring
For electrical connections, electrical wiring is required.
vii. Piping
For water distribution from pump to spray, piping is required.
viii. Battery/power supply from engine
3.2 Matlab Simulink:

i. Constant: It generates a constant signal for a system.
ii. If-else: It is used for giving a programming logic to a particular system.
iii. If action subsystem: If specified signal is given to this system, it will generate an
signal of some set value.
iv. Clock: It is used to measure a time at a particular instant.
v. Switch: General purpose switch.
vi. Signal Conditioner: It stores the outputs from various system.
vii. Gain: We can give a amplification to a input signal.
viii. Scope: Output behavior of a system is displayed with the help of scope.
7
Fig 3.1 MATLAB SIMULINK
Fig.3.2 Simulation results (sensor pressure less than set value)
8
Fig.3.3 Simulation results (sensor pressure greater than set value)
3.3 Working and operation:

3.3.1 Working
i. Sensor is located on a steering wheel which will detect the pressure or contact of
the hands with the steering wheel and sends a corresponding signal to the
microcontroller or arduino.
ii. There will be a critical pressure value set in microcontroller. If the value is less
than critical value, then it will pass the signal to the buzzer and timer
simultaneously. Timing of 3 sec is set in timer. Thus after 3 sec, timer will
switched on the water pump and sprinkled water on a face of driver.
iii. If in between driver again picks up steering wheel exceeding critical value, all
these system gets shuts off.
3.3.2 Matlab Simulink operation
i. In matlab Simulink, microcontroller system are shown with if else and switch block.
ii. If sensor value is less than critical set value, then it will pass signal to the action
subsystem, which will further trigger the switch for action of buzzer (yellow from
graph) and timer.
iii. After reaching set timer value, pump switch gets on (shown by pink color), and water
will get sprinkled on face of driver.
iv. If in between driver gets wake up and picks steering wheel, sensor will sense it
exceeding set value results in switching off buzzer and pump (Fig 3.3).
9
4. CONCLUSIONS
In statistical analysis, there are lots of cases of accidents due to drowsiness of drivers.
In the night time or in day time (tired drivers), there may be chances of the driver falling asleep
during driving which results in accidents, further loss of life or severe damage to the body. For
prevention of such situations of accidents due to sleep, our system is helpful. It is compact and
low in cost with simplicity.
Accidents can be prevented most of the times using the buzzer and the spray system
fitted on steering. This is also useful to alert some drivers who have tendency of loosening their
grip while on straight lanes to hold the steering with correct pressure.
10
5. REFERENCES
1. Federico Baronti, Francesco Lenzi, Roberto Roncella, Roberto Saletti, “Distributed
Sensor for Steering Wheel Grip Force Measurement in Driver Fatigue Detection” May
2009
2. Mahmut Eksioglua,_, Kemal Kızılaslanb, “Steering-wheel grip force characteristics of
drivers as a function of gender, speed, and road condition” 9 January 2008
11
“Fabrication of control system for inspection of linear dimensions using AURDUINO” 2017
B. FABRICATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INSPECTION

OF LINEAR DIMENSIONS USING ARDUINO
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Introduction
Measurement and quality control is one of the important thing in manufacturing industry.
After production of any component it is necessary to check the dimensions of the
components are mating with specification requirement or not. Traditional methods of
measuring linear dimensions is by means of some instrument like vernier caliper,
micrometer, steel rule, etc. These methods of measurement are simple and cost effective but
it consumes time. When we have to measure the dimensions of a components in large
numbers, these methods of measurements are not useful. There may be chances of incorrect
measurement due negligence of the operator. Thus, there is a need of finding a device which
will directly detect the dimensions of a component. From inspection point of view, after
measuring the dimensions of component, we have determined the given part is accepted or
rejected.
For achieving effective output over measurement system and making it time effective,
we used a mechatronics approach in designing a system for measurement of linear
dimensions of a component. Present project is integration of mechanical, electrical and
electronic system. Because of mechatronics approach, we achived automation for measuring
the linear dimensions of components. Based on microcontroller, arduino programming,
sensors and actuators, it becomes easy and time effective to make decisions of inspections.
Thus, it become possible to achieve automation in such particular measurement application.
Automation is the use of control systems for handling different processes and machineries
to replace human efforts. Thus, use of automation is effective in manufacturing industry.
Automatic sorting also reduces the labor cost and the production time. The error caused due
to human negligence are avoided by the use of automated system by sensor based sorting
using some actuator.
Present project is a combination of electronic, electrical and mechanical system. Its main
purpose is to make measurement and inspection of linear dimensions of components easily
with less time and elimination of a tedious process of measurement with traditional
instruments.
12
1.2 Project Objectives:

1. To sort out the objects of any length depending on the size.
2. To analyze and check whether the given specimen lies within the given tolerance range.
3. To design easy and simplified operational system.
4. To display whether the object meets the given dimensions and if its rejected or accepted.
5. To easily determine the process capability based on the dimension range that is
measured.
1.3 Project Scope:
For the project we have identified some scope that the proposed system is capable of doing.
These are listed as under.
 Design a working prototype of a system that can actually and automatically measure the
particular length of the component.
 Fabrication of the system is done using cost effective methods and for the ease of coding
too Arduino is used.
 Create an environment where it is displayed instantaneously whether a component is
accepted or rejected.
1.4 Conceptual Framework:
Predetermined Arduino
value of compares the
Motor is length set. length and
started and Time is accordingly
Object kept on
Arduino is measured displays
the conveynor.
connected to between whether the
PC HIGH and component is
LOW of the accepted or
LDR rejected
Fig 1.1: Conceptual Framework
13
2. LITERAUTE SURVEY
2.1 Linear measurement devices and instruments:

Linear measurement includes the measurement of lengths, diameters, heights and
thickness. The basic principle of linear measurement (mechanical type) is that of comparison
with standard dimensions on a suitably engraved instrument or device. Linear measuring
instruments are categorized depending upon their accuracy. The two categories are non-
precision instruments and precision instruments. Non-precision instruments include steel rule,
caliper divider, and telescopic gauge that are used to measure to the line graduations of a rule.
Precision instruments include micrometers, vernier calipers, height gauges and slip gauges. A
wide variety of electrical measuring devices is also available. Electric measuring devices are
mainly transducers, i.e. they transform the displacement into suitable measurable parameter like
voltage and current. Some of the displacement transducers are strain gauges, linear variable
differential transformers (LVDT) and potentiometers.
2.1.1 Steel Rule
It is the simplest and most common measuring instruments in inspection. The principle
behind steel rule is of comparing an unknown length to the one previously calibrated. The rule
must be graduated uniformly throughout its length. Rules are made in 150, 300, 56,500 and
1000 mm length. There are rules that have got some attachment and special features with them
to make their use more versatile. They may be made in folded form so that they can be kept in
pockets. The degree of accuracy when measurements are made by a steel rule depends upon the
quality of the rule, and the skill of the user in estimating part of a millimeter.
2.1.2 Calipers
Calipers are used for measurement of the parts, which cannot be measured directly with
the scale. Thus, they are accessories to scales. The calipers consist of two legs hinged at top,
and the ends of legs span part to be inspected.
14
Fig. 2.1 : Vernier caliper

2.1.3 Micrometers
Micrometer is one of the most widely used precision instruments. It is primarily used to
measure external dimensions like diameters of shafts, thickness of parts etc. to an accuracy of
0.01 mm. The essential parts of the instruments shown in Figure, consist of
Fig 2.2: Micrometer

2.2 Literature Review
Design of a smart displacement measuring technique using Linear Variable Differential
Transformer (LVDT). The objectives of this work is to used LVDT as a inspection device
for different length measuring products. [Santosh K et al]. Introduction to aurduino
microcontroller and its application for time based results for different application.[Thomas
Murphy]
There are lots of instruments used for linear dimension measurement. But only
used of such instruments for inspection of products for large number its time consuming.
15
Thus we are making a system which will automatically detect acceptation or rejection of
product based on measured length.
16
3. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

3.1 Construction
i. Conveyor belt: The system comprises of the main line on which objects are segregated.
The conveyor line is driven by 30 rpm motor of the DC type. The belt is made up of link
chains. There are two main industrial classes of belt conveyors; those in general material
handling such as those moving boxes along inside a factory and bulk material handling
such as those used to transport industrial and agricultural materials, such as grain, coal,
ores, etc. generally in outdoor locations.
ii. LDR: An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the light
intensity that falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits
Fig 3.1: LDR

iii. Arduino:
Microcontroller: ATmega328
Operating Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins: 6DC
Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA DC
Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed: 16 MHz
Arduino senses the variation in LDR and starts measuring time as per the
time function.
17
Fig 3.2 Block Diagram of Aurdino UNO
iv. DC motors: The DC motors work using direct current instead of alternating current. The
motors are used to drive the system i.e. the motor is coupled to the rollers on which the
conveyor belt moves. An AC to DC adaptor is used to convert 240V AC supply to 12V
DC.
18
Fig 3.3: Motor
v. LASER Beam: The laser beam is used to focus its full intensity on the LDR for easy
detection of change of state of LDR. The use of LASER is actually used for optimization
purposes and ease of use of operation of the system at all lighting conditions.
3.2 Design Methodology and Procedure:

This type of design is a constructive research which means that it develops solutions to a
problem that has to be solved through the development of a system. The ways of how to actually
automate the manually driven length measurement was discussed in detail. The automation was
desired to have good accuracy, reliable in all sorts of working and lighting conditions and the
program could be easily modified suiting the end user.
The figure below shows the flow of work carried out during the project completion. A
wide and in depth literature survey was conducted for the project. The mechanism of length
measurement were studied and the use of light sensitive sensor was then finalized. In that
different case studies were done of various sensors; their advantages and disadvantages over
one another were listed out.
3.2.1 Mechanical Implementation:

 The base is made of wooden scrap material.
 The conveyor belt is made of plastic link of approximate size of 2cm in length.
 Supports of LDR and LASER made of wooden plank
3.2.2 Electronic Implementation:
 Coding done in Arduino IDE.
 Sensor used is LDR (Light Dependent Resistor).
19
3.2.3 Electrical Implementation:

 LDR sensor connected to analog pin A0 of the Arduino.
 LASER connected to digital pin 10 and GND.
 Arduino processes the code.
 Serial Monitor displays the message.
3.3 Circuit connections:
Fig 3.4: Circuit Diagram
3.4Arduino Coding:
//initialising variables.
int laser=10;
int threshhold=200;
double vel;
double dist;
int A;
20
double t0,t1,diff=0,val;
int digitalvalue=0;
int laststate=0;
String str;
void setup()
//setting the laser and the LDR
//setting the serial monitor for the display of the o/p
pinMode(laser,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(laser,HIGH);
Serial.begin(9600);
A=analogRead(A0);
vel= 50000.0/454.0; //initialising velocity of the conveyor
laststate=Digitise(A);
str="Vel is :";
str=str+vel+ " mm/sec.";
Serial.println(str);
int Digitise(int value)
//coverting the analog readings of LDR into boolean HIGH and LOW
21
if(value<threshhold)
return 1;
return 0;
void loop()
//loop starts for continuous functioning
A=analogRead(A0); //reading ldr state
digitalvalue=Digitise(A);
if(laststate==1&&digitalvalue==0)
t0=millis();
if(laststate==0&&digitalvalue==1)
t1=millis();
//calculating diff of time
diff=t1-t0;
//printing of results
Serial.print("THE TIME IS ");
22
Serial.print(diff);
Serial.println(" milliseconds.");
dist=(vel*(t1-t0));
dist=dist/1000;
Serial.print("THE DISTANCE IS ");
Serial.print(dist);
Serial.println(" mm");
laststate=digitalvalue;
3.5 Operation of the model:

There are two circuits in the model. The one of the LDR and the other of the LASER.
Half of the mechanical assembly is done using wooden planks from the scrap. The Arduino
works as follows. The LDR senses the intensity of light falling on it continuously. When there
is full intensity of light the LDR is in ON condition or in 1 state and when the light is blocked
and threshold value is crossed the LDR is in OFF condition or 0 state. When the object kept on
the conveyor first crosses the LDR the state of the LDR changes and a time instance is measured
in milliseconds. When once again the laser beam falls on the LDR another instance of time is
measured. Measuring this time and multiplying this by velocity gives the actual reading or
length of the component in the specified units.
We have also given a provision in our code to display if the component is accepted or
rejected. The tolerances are predetermined. If the length comes in between the prescribed
tolerances then a message is displayed as “THE COMPONENT IS ACCEPTED” and if the
tolerance doesn’t match then a message is displayed as “THE COMPONENT IS REJECTED”.
23
3.6 Costing:
SR. NAME SPECIFICATIONS COST(Rs.)
NO.
1 DC Motor with clamp Speed =30rpm , voltage =12V 180

2 Roller Wheels 80
3 Adapter Voltage= 12V 120
4 Dummy shaft 30
5 Arduino UNO Microcontroller –Atmega328, I/P 500
pins =14
6 Conveyor belt link chain 50 links 300
7 Miscellaneous 150
TOTAL 1360
Fig 3.5: Actual Model
24
4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

4.1 Advantages
i. System performs the required job automatically and displays the result. The only
job left with the user is to put the object on the conveyor.
ii. The proposed system is simple in construction, easy to install and has cheap
maintenance cost.
iii. The end user has to only change the tolerance values for using the system with
other components. Thus the system is user friendly.
iv. There is electronic control over the measurements done. Thus the accuracy level
is high as compared to manual inspection.
v. The system is cheap and thus can be installed at places where the company cannot
afford costlier quality control methods.
4.2 Disadvantages
i. The system at present can only measure linear lengths. A mechanism has to be
developed to measure dimensions of abrupt components.
ii. The results that we get are accurate but not precise.
iii. The end user has to manually place the object on the conveyor and take away the
object after the system has measured the length.
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5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 Conclusions:
The project works successfully and separates different length objects using LDR
and arduino. There are two main steps in length sensing part, length detection and
tolerance recognition. The system has successfully performed sorting of specimens
according to tolerances. Thus a cost effective Mechatronics system was designed using
the simplest concepts and efficient result was being observed. This system is a depicting
the prototype of sorting systems which are used in industries
5.2 Future Scope:
We have designed the basic model for solving a single problem. A good amount of
changes can be done so as to overcome some of the limitations.
 A better sensor can be used instead of LDR to increase the reliability, accuracy and
precision of the system.
 A servo motor can be installed which controls the gate at the end of the conveyor. A
system can be made where if the component gets accepted the servo flips to one side
and object is put in the “ACCEPTED” bucket. If the component gets rejected the
servo flips to the other side and the object is put in the “REJECTED” bucket.
 The conveyor is made of plastic links. Instead of that rubber belts can be used.
26
6. REFERENCES
1. www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/Conf.RDME%202017/...6/2.%2004-07.pdf
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270878911_DEVELOPMENT_OF_AN_AU
TOMATIC_COLOR_SORTING_MACHINE_ON_BELT_CONVEYER
3. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples
27
ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM FOR
DROWSINESS OF DRIVER
GUIDED BY: S01 Alhate Dipak Bapu 162025

S06 Rao Siddesh Shripad 151191
PROF.S.R.PADALKAR
S16 Gadade Shubhangi Dyaneshwar 162128
S17 Tarle Nikita Subhash 162027
S20 Patil Swarali Prashant 151526
1
Plan Of Action
Week 1-04/08/2017 MATLAB Simulink
Week 5-08/09/2017 Topic selection and work allotment (Project 1)
Week 6-22/09/2017 Data Collection and discussion
Week 7-29/09/2017 Matlab Simulink Model and Discussion
Week 8-13/10/2017 Report and ppt for MSE review
Week 9-03/11/2017 Topic Selection and Work allotment(Project 2)
Week 10-10/11/2017 Review and Data Collection, Procurement
Week 11-17/11/2017 Model Making Actual
Week 12-24/11/2017 Report and Presentation
Week 13-01/12/2017 Final Submission

2
Problem Statement
Design a control system for accident

prevention of drowsiness drivers.
3
Introduction and Necessity
There are many situations due to which accidents may
happen due to drowsiness drivers in the night time.
Thus there should be some safety provision over steering
wheel which detect drowsiness drivers and alert drowsy
drivers of a vehicle.
Prevent the driver to falling in a sleep during driving.
Contribution to the prevent road accidents
4
Components Used
Sensor
Arduino/Microcontroller
Timer
Buzzer
Small Pump
Wiring
Piping
Battery/power supply from engine
5
Working
i. Detection of pressure by means of pressure sensor and sends
signal to the microcontroller.
ii. Accordingly microcontroller will send signal after comparison
with set value to the buzzer and timer simultaneously.
iii. Buzzer active for 3 sec if corrective action is not taken.
iv. After 3 sec timer activate the pump and sprays water over face
of driver.
6
Blocks Used
1. Constant: It generates a constant signal for a system.
2. If-else: It is used for giving a programming logic to a particular system.
3. If action subsystem: If specified signal is given to this system, it will generate an signal
of some set value.
4. Clock: It is used to measure a time at a particular instant.
5. Switch: General purpose switch.
6. Signal Conditioner: It stores the outputs from various system.
7. Gain: We can give a amplification to a input signal.
8. Scope: Output behavior of a system is displayed with the help of scope.
7
Matlab Simulink
8
Simulation results (sensor pressure less than
set value)
9
Simulation results (sensor pressure
greater than set value)
10
Conclusions
In statistical analysis, there are lots of cases of accidents due to
drowsiness of drivers.
For prevention of such situations of accidents due to sleep, our system
is helpful. It is compact and low in cost with simplicity.
This is also useful to alert some drivers who have tendency of loosening
their grip while on straight lanes to hold the steering with correct
pressure.
11
FABRICATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM
FOR INSPECTION OF LINEAR
DIMENSIONS USING ARDUINO
12
Introduction
 To sort out the objects.
To analyze and check whether the given specimen lies
within the given tolerance range.
To design easy and simplified operational system.
To display whether the object is rejected or accepted.
To easily determine the process capability.
13
Necessity
Design a working prototype of a system that can actually
and automatically measure the particular length of the
component
Create an environment where it is displayed

instantaneously whether a component is accepted or
rejected.
14
Components Used
Frame
Conveyor belt
Light detection Resistor
Arduino
DC Motor
LASER Beam
15
Working
Arduino
Predetermined compares
value of length the length
Object Motor is set. and
kept on started and
Time is accordingly
Arduino is
the connected to measured displays
conveyor. between HIGH whether the
PC
and LOW of the component
LDR is accepted
or rejected
16
Design Methodology
Mechanical Implementation
Electronic Implementation
Electrical Implementation
17
Actual Model
18
Circuit Diagram
19
Advantages
 Automaticoperation
Simple construction & user friendly
 More accurate than manual inspection
Low cost
Limitations
Measure linear dimensions only
20
Conclusions
The project is used to separates different length objects using LDR
and arduino.
The system decides sorting of specimens according to tolerances.
Cost effective Mechatronics system designed using the simplest
concepts.
 This system is a depicting the prototype of sorting systems.
21
Future Scope
Automatic object feeding system
Separation system for accepted & rejected parts can be

accommodated
Rubber belt can be used to damp the vibrations
22
References
 www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/Conf.RDME%202017/...6/2.%2004-07.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270878911_DEVELOPMENT_OF_AN_AUT
OMATIC_COLOR_SORTING_MACHINE_ON_BELT_CONVEYER
 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples
23
THANK YOU…..!!!!!
24

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BANSILAL RAMNATH AGARWAL CHARITABLE

1) Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver – MATLAB

1) Alhate Dipak B. (S-01) 2) Rao Siddesh S. (S-06)

Prof. S. R. Padalkar Prof. (Dr.) M. B. Chaudhari

Guide Head of Department

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Sr. No. Roll No. Name of student Gr. No.

1. 01 Alhate Dipak Bapu 162025

Prof. S. R. Padalkar Prof. (Dr.) M. B. Chaudhari

Guide Head of Department

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Keywords: Arduino, inspection, linear dimensions, programming, etc

A Accident prevention system for drowsiness driver

Fig.2.1 Vision based visual cues extraction 5

Fig.2.2 Controller based drowsiness detection system 6

Fig. 2.3 Sensors measuring the physical response 7

Fig 3.1 MATLAB SIMULINK 8

Fig.3.2 Simulation results (sensor pressure less than set value) 8

Fig.3.3 Simulation results (sensor pressure greater than set value) 9

B Fabrication of control system for inspection of linear dimensions using

Fig 1.1 Conceptual Framework 13

Fig. 2.1 Vernier caliper 15

Fig 2.2 Micrometer 15

Fig 3.1 LDR 17

Fig 3.2 Block Diagram of Ardino UNO 18

Fig 3.3 Motor 19

Fig 3.4 Circuit Diagram 20

Fig 3.5 Actual Model 24

Table 1.1 Planning

Table 3.1 Costing 24

Week 2 MATLAB Simulink

Week 3 MATLAB Simulink

Week 4 MATLAB Simulink

Week 5 Topic selection and work allotment (Project 1)

Week 6 Data Collection and discussion

Week 7 Matlab Simulink Model and Discussion

Week 8 Report and ppt for MSE review

Week 9 Topic Selection and Work allotment(Project 2)

Week 10 Review and Data Collection, Procurement

Week 11 Model Making Actual and MATLAB Simulink

Week 12 Report and Presentation

Week 13 Final Submission

Table -1 : Plan of Action

Name of Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7

A. ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM FOR

1.2 Problem statement :

Sleep-divested driving is the process of functioning a motor vehicle while being

Fig.2.1 Vision based visual cues extraction

Fig.2.2 Controller based drowsiness detection system

Fig. 2.3 Sensors measuring the physical response

2.2 Grip force requirements:

3.2 Matlab Simulink:

Fig 3.1 MATLAB SIMULINK

Fig.3.2 Simulation results (sensor pressure less than set value)

Fig.3.3 Simulation results (sensor pressure greater than set value)

3.3 Working and operation:

B. FABRICATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INSPECTION

1.2 Project Objectives:

1.4 Conceptual Framework:

Fig 1.1: Conceptual Framework

2.1 Linear measurement devices and instruments:

Fig. 2.1 : Vernier caliper

Fig 2.2: Micrometer

3. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING