Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering

Fluid Mechanics I (ENGR 361)

Lecturer: Professor Nabil Esmail

Tutor : Hany Gomaa

Office :EV 14.139

Tel: 514-848-2424 EXT (7239)
E-mail: gomaa.hany@gmail.com
Office Hours: TOD ----- Tuesday(11:00-14:00) ----- H-806-1
March 16th , 2012 Montreal, Canada
Prof. Nabil Esmail -1- Hany Gomaa
 Viscosity types
1. Newton's law of viscosity
9The Continuum Assumption Velocity profile
9Non-Newtonian fluids and Rheology Conceptual
9Surface tension

2. Fluid Statics (Pressure in Fluid Mechanics)

3. The Manometer types and rules
4. Pressure distribution on flat, curved and
submerged surfaces
9Centroids, Moment of
9Hydraulic systems and Jacks
Application inertia and the resultant
pressure force

5. Fluids in motion (Integral Equations of Fluid Mechanics).

6. Dimensional analysis
7.Prof.Fluid flow
Nabil Esmail
in pipes -2- Hany Gomaa
 Tutorial 9
1. Finalize the Integral Form and Finite Control
Volume analysis For the Basic Equations
2. Dimensionless analysis
3. Pipe flow

References:
1. Lecture notes on ``Nature & Analysis of Fluid Flows II`` by Professor Nabil Esmail.
2. “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics” by Robert W. Fox, Philip J. Pritchard, Alan T. McDonald, 7th
Edition, John Wiley and Sons Publishers
3. ``Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics`` by Munson, Young, Okiishi and Huebsh, 6th,5th or 4th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons Publishers

Prof. Nabil Esmail -3- Hany Gomaa

 FLUIDS IN MOTION
(Integral Equations of Fluid Mechanics)
Fluid motion is governed by the physical laws:
1. The Conservation of mass
(The continuity equation)
2. Newton’s Second Law
(Linear Momentum Equations)
3. The Angular Momentum Equations
(Moment-of- Momentum Equations)
4. The First Law of Thermodynamics –
(The Energy Equation)
5. The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Prof. Nabil Esmail -4- Hany Gomaa

 The Angular Momentum Equations
(Moment-of- Momentum Equations)

• The angular momentum, moment of momentum, or

rotational momentum principle of a system shows that
the rate of change of angular momentum is equal to the
sum of all torques acting on that system.

∂
r × F s + ∫ r × g ρd∀ + T shaft = ∫ r × V ρd∀ + ∫ r × V ρV .d A
CV
∂t CV CS

Prof. Nabil Esmail -5- Hany Gomaa

Lecture notes on ``Nature & Analysis of Fluid Flows II`` by Professor Nabil Esmail.

Prof. Nabil Esmail -6- Hany Gomaa

Lecture notes on ``Nature & Analysis of Fluid Flows II`` by Professor Nabil Esmail.

Prof. Nabil Esmail -7- Hany Gomaa

 Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson, Young,
Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -8- Hany Gomaa

 1. Conservation of mass (the continuity equation) INCOMPRESSIBLE
∂ STEADY
∫
∂t CV
ρd∀ + ∫ ρV .d A = 0
CS

For an incompressible fluid Incompressible, Steady fluid

∂∀
+ ∫ V .d A = 0
∂t CS
∫ V .d A = 0
CS
For an incompressible flow with a nondeformable control volume
Q 1
A A ∫A
Q = ∫ V .d A V= = V .d A
A

For uniform velocity at inlet and exit;

∑ CS V •A=0 ∑ Q =∑ Q
in out

For a steady, compressible flow with a nondeformable control volume

∫ ρV .d A = 0
CS

For uniform velocity at inlet and exit;

• •

∑ CS ρV • A = 0 ∑ m =∑ m in out

Prof. Nabil Esmail -9- Hany Gomaa

 2. Newton’s Second Law (inertial control volume)

∂
F = FS + FB = ∫ V ρd∀ + CS∫ V ρV .d A
∂t CV
∂
Fx = FS x + FBx = ∫ uρd∀ + CS∫ uρV .d A
∂t CV

∂
Fy = FS y + FBy = ∫ vρd∀ + CS∫ vρV .d A
∂t CV

∂
Fz = FS z + FBz = ∫ wρd∀ + CS∫ wρV .d A
∂t CV

For uniform velocity at inlet and exit;

∂
F = FS + FB = ∫ V ρd ∀ + ∑
∂t CV CS
V ρV . A

∂
Fx = FS x + FBx = ∫ uρd∀ + ∑
∂t CV CS
uρ V . A

∂
Fz = FS z + FBz = ∫ w ρd ∀ + ∑
∂t CV CS
wρ V . A

∂
Fy = FS y + FBy = ∫ vρd∀ + ∑
∂t CV CS
vρV . A
Prof. Nabil Esmail -10- Hany Gomaa
 3. The Angular Momentum Equations

∂
r × F s + ∫ r × g ρd∀ + T shaft = ∫ r × V ρd∀ + ∫ r × V ρV .d A
CV
∂t CV CS

4. The First Law of Thermodynamics

• • ∂
Q− W = ∫
∂t CV
eρ d ∀ + ∫ eρ V ⋅ d A
CS

For a steady flow,

• •
Q − W = ∫ eρ V ⋅ d A
CS

• • • • ∂ V2
Q − W shaft − W shear − W other
stresses
= ∫ eρd∀ + CS∫ (h + 2 + gz ) ρV ⋅ d A
∂t CV

Prof. Nabil Esmail -11- Hany Gomaa

 Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -12- Hany Gomaa

 Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -13- Hany Gomaa

 Equations

Q = volumetric flow rate,

∆V = change in volume flowing through the area, 1. Average velocity
∆t = time interval of volumetric flow.
2. Normal velocity direction

Prof. Nabil Esmail -14- Hany Gomaa

Prof. Nabil Esmail -15- Hany Gomaa
 Dimension, units and Basic
equations

INCOMPRESSIBLE STEADY

Prof. Nabil Esmail -16- Hany Gomaa

 Problems Solving Technique
Conservation of mass equation

Prof. Nabil Esmail -17- Hany Gomaa

Prof. Nabil Esmail -18- Hany Gomaa
 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -19- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -20- Hany Gomaa

 Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -21- Hany Gomaa

 Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -22- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -23- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -24- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -25- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -26- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -27- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -28- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -29- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -30- Hany Gomaa

 Solution Manuel for the
Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -31- Hany Gomaa

 Dimensional analysis

For example: Finding the Basic dimensions for Pressure

Prof. Nabil Esmail -32- Hany Gomaa

 Derive the basic dimension of the dynamic viscosity

Prof. Nabil Esmail -33- Hany Gomaa

 TABLE OF BASIC DIMENSIONS

Prof. Nabil Esmail -34- Hany Gomaa

 Important dimensionless groups and numbers
in Fluid Mechanics

Fundamentals of Fluid
Mechanics`` by Munson,
Young, Okiishi and Huebsh,
, 4th edition

Prof. Nabil Esmail -35- Hany Gomaa

 Reynolds Number
• Reynolds Number is a measure of the ratio between
the inertia force to the viscous force.

• The Reynolds number determines the type of flow.

There are three different types of flows available;
Laminar flow, Transitional flow and Turbulent flow.
For example, Laminar flow is associated for a Reynolds
number below 2300 for circular pipes, while a turbulent
flow is found for a Reynolds Number above 4600 for
circular pipes.

• The Reynolds Number Equation:

ρVD υ=
µ
Re = VD ρ

Prof. Nabil Esmail

µ Re =
υ Hany Gomaa
-36-
 Reynolds No. Different cases
1. Case 1: If Reynolds number is too small,
therefore this is an indication that the viscous
forces are dominant, and it is possible to neglect
the inertia effects, that is the density of the fluid
will not be an important factor. (Creeping flows)

2. Case 2: If Reynolds number is too large,

therefore this is an indication that the inertia
forces are dominant, and it is possible to neglect
the effect of viscosity. ( a non-viscous fluid)

Prof. Nabil Esmail -37- Hany Gomaa