ASPHALT INSTITUTE fas} 12 Nee Date es Re Pees Fo Le) years ET SARL eed ASPHALT SURFACE TREATMENTS — CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 GENERAL Sass 3 Introduction : 2g Items to be Considered 3 Inspection of Existing Pavement’ 3 SECTION 2 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ...........00.2.2005 4 Asphalt Distributor ..... Seep aetes x @ Checking the Bitumeter 6 Determining the Distributor Speed 6 Length of Spread for a Distributor Load 7 Checking Transverse Spread 7 Checking Longitudinal Spread 7 Aggregate Spreaders . eee 7 Rollers tae eg Power Broom 1 Auxiliary Equipment ........2. 0... ; sapere SECTION3 ASPHALT .... ceceeeeeeeee : we 2 SECTIONS: WEATHER yc .cerrscmnciersvessuinnesarssamrinaresesanes 12 SECTIONS AGGREGATES......... Sousa eens eect SECTION6 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES 13 Pavement Preparation . ‘ 13 Surface Treatment Design aaa co 2 13 Spraying the Asphalt mt SDI 18 Spreading the Agoregate Gee de Rolling ........ ‘ geen essacnae ee : 1 » 16 Traffic Control... = mance: 16 Removing Excess Aggregate 7 Multiple Surface Treatment... 0.0... ooiceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceee TW? Precautions .. See aerate tied tat Some Additional Tips : 18 SECTION7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.............0000000cceeee eee 18 SECTION 8 PRIMES AND ROAD-OILING. tiie yeeee 20. SECTION 9 ASPHALT DISTRIBUTER DATA .......00200202000000eeeeee 24 Asphalt Institute Member Companies .. - -Back cover Asphalt institute Offices in the United States . Back coverILLUSTRATIONS ‘igure Page 1 Asphalt distributor ....... 4 2 Proper nozzle-angle setting 5 3 Spray-bar height must be exactly set for proper coverage 6 4 Tailgate vane spreader . i 8 5 Hopper type tailgate spreader . 8 6 Truck.attached mechanical spreader . 9 7 Self-propelled mechanical spreader . 10 8 Pneumatic-tired roller . i 9 Surface treatment operation 7 TABLES Table 1 Quantities of Asphalt and Aggregate for Single Surface Treatments and Seal Coats .. 14 2 Suggested Temperatures for Spraying Asphalt 5 The Asphalt Institute does not endorse products or manufacturers. Extreme care has been Used in the assembly ofthis publication, however, the Institute can assume no responsibility for an error or omission in the printing of these guidelines. Because the standards used in this publication are subject to periodic review and revision, those who use them are cautioned to obtain the latest revision. Engineering judgment and experience must be used to properly utilize the principles and guidelines contained herein taking into accountavailable equipment, local materials and conditions,NTE eee ee EEE Te ee eee eee ee EE ETE E EEE EE EEC eE ECE EEeeEE EE EEE eee eee ee eee ee eee ASPHALT SURFACE TREATMENTS— CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES' SECTION 1 Introduction ‘Asphalt surface treatment is a broad term, em- bracing several types of asphalt and asphalt: aggregate applications, usually less than one inch thick, placed on any kind of roadway surface. The asphalt surface treatment’s major function is to provide an all weather, skid-rosistant surface that produces a water-resistant layer. This type of construction is known as chip seal, seal coat, armor coat, of by other names. The type of sur. face, granular base or existing pavement, over which the surface treatment is placed usually determines the specific nomenclature (See Sec- tion 7, Glossary of Terms) The information contained in this publication, although applicable to all types of surface treat- ment, is primarily concerned with single surface treatments that consist of a sprayed application of asphalt covered with a layer of aggregate of as uniform a size as practicable.2 The cover ag- gregate is pressed into the asphalt film by rolling with a rubbertired roller until the aggregate becomes firmly embedded. For multiple surface treatments the process is repeated a second, or even a third time with the aggregate size becom- ing smaller with each application, When surface treatments are properly designed and con- structed, a relatively inexpensive pavement can be produced which will perform for several years with minimum maintenance costs. Although surface treatments are used in primary roadway systems, they are particularly adaptable to secondary, farm. tomarket, and light-duty road construction. Because they are relatively thin, only a very small degree of correction of pavement profile is possi: ble. If the cross-section of the existing road is out of shape, necessary correction should be made before construction of the surface treatment is started. Items to Be Considered The degree of success obtained in surface treatment construction is directly related to several major considerations which require i companion publication, Asphalt Surtace Treatments — ‘Specifications (ES-1), is available from The Asphalt Institute 2 Other surface treatments are covered in the following Asphalt Institute publication: Basic Asphalt Emulsion Manual, Manual Series No. 19 (MS-19) GENERAL careful advance planning, Each must be properly evaluated and brought toa satisfactory level of ac- ceptance if good results are to be achieved. These special items will include: 1. Type and condition of the pavement over which the surface treatment will be placed. Accomplishment of necessary repairs. 2. Type of asphalt and aggregate to be applied. 3. Determination of optimum quantities of asphalt and aggregate for best results. 4, Type and condition of equipment available for construction practices. 5, Employment of good construction practices. 6, Good weather conditions. 7. Traffic control, Failure to give appropriate consideration to any of the above items may result in substandard per- formance of the surface treatment. A close ex amination of each must be made. Inspection of Existing Pavement Successful surface treatment construction begins with a thorough inspection of the pave- ment over which the surface treatment is to be placed. This usually involves walking over the en- tire area and noting all deficiencies. The inspec: tion should include a particular search for: Potholes Raveling. Badly-cracked areas. Corrugations. Depressions. Absorbent surface. 7. Bleeding asphalt These various pavement deficiencies are described in detail in Asphalt In Pavement Maintenance, Manual Series No. 16 (MS-16), published by The Asphalt Institute. Procedures for repairing each type of deficiency are given in the manual, and are therefore not repeated herein. Proper repair of the existing surface is absolutely essential prior to beginning surface treatment construction. It is also necessary that good drainage be pro: vided so that water may be rapidly removed from the immediate vicinity of the road-bed. All ditches and other drainage areas must be kept open and at a level below the bottom of the subbase or top of subgrade. Accumulation of water in a side ditch