FOREWORD

Thank God we pray to the presence of Almighty God for His blessings and grace of
Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, we can complete the task subjects NURSING IV of this paper
under the title Basic Cardiac Life Support in a timely manner. Our thanks to the lecturers who
have helped us in the completion of this paper. Thanks also to all members of the group that
has helped both in search of data and in the process of preparing this paper. We realize that
this paper is far from perfect. For that all criticism and suggestions for improvements are
expected to build the preparation of the next paper. Hopefully this paper can be useful for
authors and readers.

Denpasar, April 2013

Arrange

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 CONTENTS

FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................. i
CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................................. iii

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... iii
A. BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... iii
B. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEM ...................................................................................... iii

CHAPTER II
A. DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................. 1
B. PRIMARY SURVEY AND RESUSCITATION ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER III .......................................................................................................................... 11

A. CONCLUSSION........................................................................................................... 11
B. SUGGESTION ............................................................................................................. 11

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 12

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) refers to recognition of sudden cardiac arrest, call
for help, maintaining airway patency, and supporting breathing and the circulation without
the use of equipment other than personal protective devices. This is also commonly referred
to as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This skill could be used by the layperson and
healthcare provider in both out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings.
The majority of sudden cardiac arrests occur in the community (out-of-hospital); thus,
the success of the chain of survival depends on the first-responder layperson. The goal of
CPR training is to ensure that participants “can do” and “will do” CPR when the need arises.
The CPR guidelines must not only be scientific but also simple. Simplification will improve
skills retention, increase the willingness to perform CPR and decrease the fear of imperfect
CPR performance.
In 2010, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation reviewed and updated
the consensus document on science based on the latest developments in research. This
international consensus on CPR and treatment recommendations (CoSTR) was published in
the Circulation(1) and Resuscitation(2) journals in October 2010. The various resuscitation
councils then formulated their own guidelines based on the 2010 international CoSTR. The
American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council have also published their
own guidelines.(3,4) The following document spells out the Singapore guidelines as drawn
up by the National Resuscitation Council and is an update of previous local guidelines from
2001(5) and 2006

B. Theological Problem
1. What is the Meaning of BCLS ?
2. What is the emergency action principles of primary survey ?

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

Practice Bcls Skill Emergency Action Principles ; Primary Survey Of The Victim
1. Definitions
If the victim was found in a state with an early assessment of airway obstruction there is
disruption, there were no breath and no pulse or not, then the helper should immediately take
the action called by the term BASIC CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (BHD) . Basic Cardiac life
support consists of several simple ways you can help preserve one's life for a while. Some of
the simplest ways is how to control and relieve the airway, how to provide assistance
penafasan and how to help drain blood into an important place in the victim's body, so the
supply of oxygen to the brain awake to prevent death of brain cells. Assessment and
treatment are carried out in basic life support is essential in order to proceed further
ketahapan. This must be done carefully and continuously included on the victims in the relief
response.
Emergency action principles are the guiding rules to be employed by the first person, or
persons, on the scene of an emergency. The nature of emergencies is such that it is impossible
to prescribe a specific list of actions to be completed before the event happens, so principles
form a framework on which to base forward actions
The adherence to the principles by would be rescuers varies widely based on the training
the people involved in emergency have received, the support available from emergency
services (and the time it will take to arrive) and the emergency itself. There are many overlaps
between emergency action principles and principles of first aid, firefighting and other
emergency service activities.

2. Primary Survey And Resuscitation

Preliminary Study Of Action (Initial Just My Assesment) Adults: Primary And
Secondary Survey

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Understanding the Assessment action quickly based on the priority of the sufferer's vital
primary survey functions, followed by resuscitation and stabilization.

Indication patients who experience trauma and non-trauma.

Objectives  To know quickly the victim's condition

 To be able to provide quick responses to the victims who suffered
a life-threatening condition

Officer • Doctor
• Nurse Registered Nurse (RN)
• Nurse Emergency

Preparation of Tools tools themselves (APD): mask, gloves.

protective

Preparation of status to patients and the environment.

patient
Procedure
Secure the patient and helper of environmental hazards

Install APD Helper (if possible)

Review the response or awareness with Sapa or penggil victim with a loud "Pack!, Sir! ...
What you are good – fine? then Pat or rocking of the body of the victim
Review the kepatenan airway (the patient's respiratory tract) by doing:
see:
 Whether there is a foreign object in the victim's mouth?
 Whether there is a blockage of the airway
 Does the movement of the chest – stomach time to breathe
 See if lip cyanosis?
Hear:
 The sound of the breath of the victim, whether normal? Are there additional breath

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 sounds: snoring, gurgling, stridor, hoarseness of the voice is there breath? lost?
Finger
 Hover helper cheek with nose-mouth of the victim, If the victim feels breath of the
nose/mouth

5. Examine the ability of breathing (breathing) by doing:

see:
 The movement of the breath of the victim, there apnoe or takhipnoe?
 Does the movement of the chest – stomach time to breathe?
 Calculate the frequency of the breathing of the victim.
 Cyanosis is there?
 Is the jejas in the chest?
Hearing:
 Attach the cheeks to the nose of the victim, the helper while listening to the sound of
the breath of the victim, whether normal, decline, disappear, or additional breath
sounds
Finger
 Are there Eve ekspirasi?
 Palpation of the chest of the victim if there is pain, thoracic udema press.

Examine the condition of the victim's blood circulation by doing:

a) carotis artery pulse Raba, feel the palpable, if not denyutannya then do a heart-lung
resisutasi.
b) grasp the pulse of the radial artery, artery count frequency, tachicardia or not
c) Raba extremities, feels cool or not?
d) See if there are any wounds and bleeding a lot.

Review of the level of consciousness and neurological status of victim by doing:

a) Alert, Verbal response, Pain response, Unresponse
b) See the response of pupils victims
c) See limbs are experiencing paralysis?

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Review the additional injury conditions (exposure) by doing:
a) Shears clothing and see jejas
b) Do the Log Roll Position (the value of the back), if there is a fracture of the cervikal,
ask for the help of others
c) write down the abnormality found particularly threatening wrote
d) Prevent hypothermia
e) Pakaikan blanket warm
make the decision as to whether the victim in the category:
critical (Critical):
 Cardiac arrest, Respiratory Arrest
unstable (Unstable):
 Breathing difficulties and the breath is not patent, head and chest trauma, shock, chest
pain, fractures of the long bones, suspected meningitis, wound the skewer on the chest,
neck, abdomen and genitalia, decreased consciousness, burns > 10% (adult), Burns >
5% (child)
the risk of unstable (Potential Unstable):
 The trauma of serious injuri hidden, limb injuri with nerve damage and circulation
stable (Stable):
 Small Injuri (minor) with no bleeding, no nerve damage and circulation, no signs of
shock, no other complications

For a critical and unstable ditransportasi and treated immediately, conducted the recording of
vital signs. When the victim's condition has been stabilized then performed a secondary survey

for the victim that the risk of unstable and stable, conducted the recording of vital signs, and
the secondary survey.

References Campbell, j. e., 2004, BTLS, New Jersey; Upper saddle Riner PHECC,
2004, Pre Hospital Emergency Care Clinical Handbook, Clinical practice
procedures, 2011,

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Preliminary Study Of Action (Initial Just My Assesment) Adults: The Secondary Survey

Understanding Assessment action continued after the primary survey is done thoroughly.
the secondary
survey
Indication Patients who experience trauma and non-trauma.
.
Objectives To seek a life-threatening injury or disability can cause

Officer  Doctor
 Nurse Registered Nurse (RN)
 Nurse Emergency

Preparation of Tools tools themselves (APD): msker, gloves.

protective
Preparation of the Condition is maintained stable patients
patient's
Procedur
1. Do anamnsesa about the main aspects of the patient's complaints:
a. P-Provocation
b. Q-Quality
c. R-Region/Referral/Recurrence/Relief
d. S – Severity
e. T-Time
2. Lakanmnesa about the history of ailments victims of aspects:
a. A = Allergy Allergic/History
b. M = Medication/drugs that have been or are being consumed by the Victims
c. P = Past Illnes (Saving. Nee)/Pregnancy (pregnancy)
d. L = Last Meal/food consumed Last
e. E = Event/Environt (environmental) associated with the Genesis Perlukaan
a.

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3. physical examination Done head to toe:
HEAD
HEAD
INSPECT General Lacerations, deformity, facial muscle, or asymmetry
Eyes Pupils or evidence of raccoon eyes (bruising around orbits
suggestive of basal skull fracture)
Ears Blood in canal or evidence of battle’s sign (significant
bruising behind the ears (over mastoid process) suggestive of
base of skull fracture)
Nose Deformity or epistaxis
Mouth Loose teeth, bite malocclusion (suggestive of a mandibular
fracture)
or airway/tongue swelling
Voice Hoarseness
Palpate General Crepitus, bony tenderness, or
subcutaneous emphysema

NECK
Inspect Deformity, laceration or either raised jvp or jvd or jugular venous distension
Palpate Tracheal position, bony tenderness, carotid pulse, subcutaneous emphysema, or
lymphadenopathy

CHEST
Inspect Expansion, paradoxical movement, accessory muscle use, lacerations, or
deformity
Palpate Tenderness, subcutaneous emphysema, bony crepitus, or apex beat
Auscultate Heart sounds, air entry and breath sounds, or additional sounds

ABDOMEN
Inspect Laceration, bruising (memar), distension, or priapism (spinal trauma)
Palpate Tenderness (bentuk), guarding/rigidity, rebound tenderness, or masses

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 (massa/benjolan)
Auscultate Bowel sounds (suara bising usus)

SKIN
Inspect Rash (kemerahan), colour, temperature

PELVIS
Inspect Laceration, bruising, or deformity
Palpate Bony tenderness(bentuk/keutuhan tulang)
UPPER AND

UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS

Inspect Laceration, bruising, deformity, shortening,or rotation
Palpate Neurovascular status, bony tenderness, or crepitus
BACK
Inspect Laceration, bruising, or deformity
Palpate Bony tenderness, or evidence of a bony step
Rujukan 4. Campbell, J.E, 2004, BTLS, New Jersey; Upper saddle Riner
5. PHECC, 2004, Pre Hospital Emergency Care Clinical Handbook,
6. Clinical practice procedures, 2011,

7
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUDE

A. CONCLUSSION
Basic Cardiac life support consists of several simple ways you can help preserve
one's life for a while. Some of the simplest ways is how to control and relieve the
airway, how to provide assistance penafasan and how to help drain blood into an
important place in the victim's body, so the supply of oxygen to the brain awake to
prevent death of brain cells. Pulmonary Heart Resuscitation (CPR). Cardiac Pulmonary
Resuscitation consists of two stages, namely: Survey of Primary (Primary Surgery),
which can be done by everyone.Survey of Secondary (Secondary Survey), which can
only be performed by trained medical and paramedical personnel and is a continuation
of the primary survey. PRIMARY SURVEY To be able to remind easily formulated
with the primary survey action alphabet A, B, C, and D, namely:
A = airway (airway)
B = breathing (breathing assistance)
C = circulation (circulatory assistance)

B. SUGGESTION
As a nurse we are required to be able to handle the case of emergency, so that
emergency action by learning the principles of survey the scene as emergency basis is
expected to help us be more responsive to patients based on a true science. To the
readers might have formed the basis of further research.

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 REFERENCES

Campbell, j. e., 2004, BTLS, New Jersey; Upper saddle Riner PHECC, 2004, Pre Hospital
Emergency Care Clinical Handbook, Clinical practice procedures, 2011, Bibliography

Anonymous. 2010. Basic Trauma Life Support and Basic Cardiac Life Support ed. III.
Jakarta: Yayasan ambulance 118 Emergency guide book Basic Trauma Life Support Cardiac
examination. Jakarta: Yayasan Emergency Ambulance 118

Dervish, Allan et al. 2005. Guidelines for first aid. Ed 2. Jakarta: Indonesia Red Cross
Headquarters.

Doenges, Marylinn e. 1999. Nursing Care Plan: guidelines for planning and Documenting
patient care. Issue 3. Jakarta: EGC

Price. 2005. Clinical Pathophysiological concepts of Disease processes. Volume 1. Edition of

6. Jakarta: EGC

Smeltzer, Suzanne C and Bare, Brenda. G. 2001. Medical Surgical Nursing. Edition 8. Vol. 3.
Jakarta: EGC

Bambang suryono, et al. 2008. Training materials for tackling Emergency Sufferers (PPGD)
and Basic life Support (BLS) Plus. Yogyakarta: team PUSBANKES 118 BAKER-PGDM
PERSI DIJ