F4 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

C2 Structure of Plant cell-Cell Cell Organelle/chloro Animal cell- Cell organization Cell Label animal Cell organization Cell Cell organization
cell/plasma turgidity organization plast lysosome, sperm differentiation/ cells/function of in organization/fun in plants/ effect
membrane /specialization cell, GA xylem GA/ amoeba/osmore c. of removing bark
chloroplast gulation/phagoc Xylem/adaptive
ytosis features aquatic
plants
C3 Simple diffusion, Structure of • Structure of • • Osmoregulatio Hypertonic Active transport. Plasmolysis/plan Semi-permeable Visking tube as Plasmolysis/depl Transport Diffusion/food
method for food plasma plasma Plasma n in solution Diffusion/ t membrane/pres semipermeable asmolysis/haem proteins on preservation/gl
preservation, membrane, membrane/trans membrane Paramecium/ plasmolysis/food wilting/vegetabl ervation membrane p3 olysis plasma ucose transport
plant cells in facilitated port of fluidity/diffusio similarities and preservation e preservation membrane/osm in kidney
different sucrose diffusion substances n/facilitated differences osis
conc. • Osmosis- diffusion between
rambutan (p3) • facilitated
Osmosis –unripe diffusion and
mango active
(p 3) transport/pres
ervative
•
Semipermeable
membrane(p 3)
C4 Lock and key Organelles • Effect of Protein structure Effect of pH on Formation of Diff. Saturated & enzymes cellulose/enzym
hypothesis, use involved in Synthesis of temperature on hydrolysis of triglyceride unsaturated e protease &
of lipase in enzyme extracellular the rate of starch by /formation of fats/related lipas in baby
industry, effect production/ enzymes enzyme reaction amylase plaque in artery disease/hydrolysi food
of temperature uses of enzymes/ • (P3) s/lipase industry/enzym
mechanism of Concentration of e in apple juice
enzyme action albumen production/effe
suspension on ct of enzyme in
rate of rxn of rxn
pepsin P3
•
Use of enzyme in
unripe papaya
C5 Cell cycle, Mitosis/ cloning Mitosis/ Meiosis/crossing Meiosis/crossing Mitosis/meiosis Meiosis animal Cell
mitosis, cloning Meiosis/ cloning over/ over/fertilization cell/prophase cycle/importanc
cancer/ cancer/factors (formation of I/mutation e of
cloning causing cancer/ diploid zygote)/ mitosis/describe
ways to prevent tissue culture
cancer from
spreading
C6 • %of vitamin C Digestive system, • Formation of • Protein • P3-Energy value Purpose & bad Gastritis/bulimia Digestion in Effect of CO2  Vit C (P3)
Balanced diet, (P3) vilus, effect of Digestive faeces/malnutriti Digestion of fats/ digestion/ long Peristalsis/enzyme effects of food /good and bad cow/protein conc. on the rate  Eating habits
product of removing system/type of on/energy eating habits and term effect in stomach processing to effects of diet to digestion in of gastritis/obesi
digestion, effect pancreas & nutrition/simila value/health physical consuming • human health/ health human/diet for photosynthesis ty/anorexia/
of meat based advice rity and problems conditions excess bread, How green house importance of nursing mother (P3) bulimia/effect
fast food on a differences in • butter and fried increase food in each of eating
teenager alimentary Effect of light chicken productivity of level in the food burger for a
• canal of rabbit intensity on the tomato plants / pyramid teenager
Prey-predator and cow rate of methods,adv &
interaction(P3) • photosynthesis(P disadv of food
• Mechanism of 3 processing
Concentration o photosynthesis
CO2 and rate of /how air
photosynthesis(P pollution effect
3) photosynthesis
&balance of
nature
•
Energy value(P3)
•
Effect of light
intensity on the
rate of
photosynthesis
(P3)
C7 Aerobic/ Model of human • Aerobic Human Effect of duration •
anaerobic resp in lungs/ /anaerobic breathing of activity on the Mitochondria/
Oxygen debt/aerobic respiration/
Grasshopper resp. sys./breathing
Respiration/inhalation/exhalation/mu
rate Resp system/effect of smoking
muscle cells, j-tube/explain respiration in mechanism/ % of CO2 in • during resting scle cramp
respiratory increase of CO2 human/rate of characteristics of exhaled air aerobic/
similarities and differences btw and exercise in
adaptation for in exhaled air photosynthesis alveoli (j-tube) • human and human/ diff in
fish and human and %of O2 and anaerobic resp grasshopper lactic acid in
CO2 in a pond respiratory athlete during
• Effect of system and after
temperature on exercise/
the rate of emphysema
anaerobic
respiration of
yeast(p3)
 C8 Energy flow in • Type of • Effect of light Interaction, Effect of Colonization/ Food
food web/use of Food chain interactions Food web, food intensity on population interspecific succession in chain/balance
Crop rotation/ cause & Food
effectchain/competitions/effects
of CO2 in of
pesticides • chain in paddy population control competition pond/ ecosystem/impa the atm/ways to dengue and AIDS
Biological control field community, distribution of /biological between maize quadrat sampling ct of human balance conc. CO2
(p3) biological control, pleurococcus method, and paddy activities P3-intraspecific
use of pesticides, sp(p3) nitrogen cycle, plants(P3) competition
good and bad role of
effects on social, decomposers
economic and
environment due
to changing
paddy field to
industry
•
Colonisation and
succesion in a
pond/
importance of
forest to be
maintained

C9 Water pollution Greenhouse Global warming/ Preservation and Effect of farming Practicing in Water pollution Level of air P3 BOD Effects of Air
and steps to effect, good and effect of forest conservation of activities on recycling of used of river near pollution (p3) ecotourism on pollution/haze/
prevent/ BOD bad of burning/ good & mangrove pond papers, glass and factories/ community and steps to ensure
test, benefit and deforestration bad of spreading ecosystem, effect population/ plastic/ effect of importance of environment/ safety from
harmful effects chemical of increase CO2 eutrophication, leakage cfc on maintaining river 3R programme in landslide
of urbanisationt fertilisers & on the good and bad human health ecosystem/ways school
to man and chemical ecosystem caused by and ecosystem to improve water
ecosystem insecticides industrial quality of river
activities on for aquatic
human and organisms
environment

F5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
C1 Human Blood Lymphatic Relationship • Condition of Role of phloem Effect of light Blot clotting/ Adaptation of Actions of RBC,  Rate of  Func of
circ system, system/ between Coronary artery plants in in translocation/ intensity on the differences btw xylem/ WBC & antibody, transpiration interstitial
electronic edema lymphatic and blockage different transpiration in rate of artery and vein/ differences btwn immunity (P3) fluid/blood circ
pacemaker, rate blood circ • temperature, helping respiration(P3) Effect of palisade and  Mechanism of in artery with
of blood flow in system, reason Mechanism of movt of water overheating in smoking, spongy water plaque/immun
artery and vein why amoeba blood molecules in plants, unbalance diet, mesophyll/ transport/factor ities thru
does not need clotting/blood plants clotting/blood unhealthy guard cell s contributing to breastfeeding
transport system circ in fish and circ in fish and lifestyle leading condition (night/ cardiovascular &vaccine
human (similarity human(similarity to cardiovascular daytime) diseases
and differences) and differences) diseases
C2 Adaptation of Identify human Support in Action of Adaptation of Locomotion in
floating plants, vertebrae, movt, plant(habitat, antagonistic floating plants, fish
movt of osteoporosis function of muscle biceps movt of
earthworm, fish, phloem, and triceps, knee earthworm, fish,
movt in human adaptation for joint problems movt in human
involving plants in swamp involving
muscles, muscles,
tendons, tendons,
ligaments, joints ligaments, joints

C3 Blood glucose Reflex action, Cross section of Homeostasis in Role of pituitary Role of pituitary • • Regulation of Hormones/ Ultrafiltration/ur Synapse/drugs Transmission of
conc, insulin regulation of spinal cord, humans (body gland as master gland as master Blood glucose level P3-urine formation body kidney ea content in (stimulants,depre impulse in reflex
conc in 2 glucose in the reflex action, diff temperature) gland, roles of gland, nerve • temperature failure/haemodial urine/function of ssants), action/compare
individuals, lab blood, btw sensory and FSH, GH & ADH transmission at Struc. of nephron/ ysis ADH and adrenaline and contrast
exp to test homeostasis motor neurone synaptic knob diabetes mellitus aldosterone efferent and
presence of /temperature /importance of afferent
glucose in urine regulation kidney neurone/effect
(Benedict test) of depressant
on impulse
transmission
C4 Karyotype of Female Spermatogenesis Formation Primary and Formation of • Growth curve of Development of Growth rate of Menstrual Formation of Follicle
human female hormones, , injection of HCG embryo sac in secondary twins, function Spermatogenesis, insects and zygote after maize seedlings cycle/contracep pollen dev/corpus
and male, color ovulation, role of to enable flowering plants, growth in plants, of placenta, how can down human, fertility fertilization.ivf/ against Knop tive pills/corpus tube/seed luteum/functio
blindness pituitary gland in pregnancy, germination of role & effect of smoking syndrome occur, problems and differences and solution p3 luteum formation/grow n female
menstrual cycle similarity and pollen commercial use for pregnant • ways to similarities btw degeneration th curve of hormone
diff. between of auxin, mother fetal development , overcome spermatogenesis Diff btw primary germinating
identical and non differences role of & oogenesis & secondary seed/ secondary
identical twins between primary progesterone, growth/growth growth
growth and type of immunity pattern in plants
secondary
growth

C5 Mendel first law, Mendel first law Struc. of Mendel’s First Schematic Dihybrid Allele, how Mendel second Genotype/pheno
use of chemical (cross breed nucleotide, Law of diagram inheritance/ height is Law/punnett type/blood
to control mice between tall chromosome Inheritance, crossbreeding in Punnet square determine/ square group/blood
population with dwarf pea mutation schematic mice, haemophilia transfusion
plant), cross (deletion), Down diagram for thalassemia, Rh inheritance/sickl
breed of oil palm syndrome haemophilia factors, e cell
varieties, characteristic/m differences anaemia/use of
development of onohybrid between color insulin
genetic inheritance in blind and down
engineering, adv mice syndrome based
and disadv of on causes and
genetic characteristics
engineering

C6 Variation (type of Inheritance of Differences Karyotype of Turner syndrome Continuous and Variation in Discontinuous Variation in Variation height
finger print), characteristics in between turner discontinuous plants (pH values variation(body human/albinism of hibiscus plant
differences family members, DNA/RNA syndrome/reaso variation/blood P3) mass & blood due to diff soil
between hemophilia n group group)/schemati (p3)
continuous and inheritance/cam c diagram blood
discontinuous ourflage/ group
variation