Problems

PROBLEMS

7.1 Coflsider the T-jurlction of three lines with characteristic impedances 2'1. &. and 5.as .*own on
the next page. Dernoasixdte thar it is impossi-blz for d l h m lines to be matched when Iwhg
loward rhe junction.

7+2 A directional coupler has the scattering matrix given bdow. Find h e directivity. coupling. isolation,
a d return loss at fit input port when the other ports me cerminakd in matched loads.

7 3 Two identical 80" couplers with C = 8.34 dB m connected as shown below. Find h e msuIring
g b e and amplitudes at ports 2' and 3'. relative to porl I.

7.4 A 4 W power source is connected rs h e input of rr directional coupler with C = 20 dB. D = 35 dB.
and an insertion loss of 0.4 dB. Find the ourpur pourers (in d3mj ai the through. coupled. md
isolated port$. Assl~rne311 ports lo be matched.
7+5 k i g n a lossiess T-junction divider wi& a 30 Q source impedance ro give a 3: 1 power split.
Design quarter-wave matching transfonrlers to convert the i nlpedmces of the output lints tu 30 0.
b l e n a i n e rhr: magnilude of h e 5' parameters for this circuit. using a 30 ( 1 characterisric i m ~ d m c e .

Consider the f and n resistive arknuamr circuits shown on the next page. If the input md ourpur
are matched to 20.and the ratio ofoutput voltage to input voltage is a,derive the design equations
for R1 and W: for each circuit. Tf Zo = sOR, compuk RI and R2 for 3 dB, 10 dB. and 20 dB
attcnuaims of each type.
41B Chapter 7: Paver Dividers and ~ i r e c k * a tC O U P ~ ~ ~

7.7 @sign a me-pofi -isrile &lli& fm an iquaI P n l c r 3 1 Wfi System im-e. If

vrr 3 is matched, calculnrt h e change in ouiPULPo%'er Pofi 3 (in dB) when Pon2 is c o n n ~ ~
cither to a matched IWXI or to m Iaad hating a mismatch of = C)-3.

7.8'Consider the general resistive divider sh~wirhlfiw- Far an atbiUaq4 p w a division ratlo, Q =
e / P 3 . derive expression! forthe rtsisrofi Rl, Rz.aid R-J.imd the output characteristic impedmces
Za3 SO lhat d ports are matched. assuniW SOurCe in~pdanceis 20.

7 9 Desip a WilKnson p w p &ivider

impedance af SO Q.
~ wfi a pDWer

7.10 Dthve the daiga equations in (7.37qb,c) fid h e u n ~ u a l - s p l i tW u n s a l l divider-

7.11 For [he Rethc hale coupler of
is the isolated port.
t y p shorn in Figure 7.16% derive a design for s so that

7.12 Design a Bcthc hole coupler of thc t j p sh03'a in Fi-

at I I GH7.. The required coupling is 20 dB.
7- for Ku-bmd wavemi& nprariog
-
divishn m t i ~0f fi/q = 1/3, and a Mlrrce

7.13 Design a Bethe hole coupler of tyw shoVJn F ~ w 7-l6b for Ku-barad w a v e g ~ b e~ p e ~ t i ~ g
at 17 GHe. The required coupling is 30 dB.
 Problems

7.14 Design a five-hole directional coupler in Ku-band waveguide with a binomid directivity mponse,
The center fhquency is 1 7.5 GHz, and h e required coupling is 20 dB.Use round apertures centered
acmss the bruad wall of the waveguides.
7.15 Repear Problem 7.14 for a design with a Chebyshev response. having a mhhm directivity of
30 dB.
7.16 Develop h e necessary equations required 10 design a two-hole directional coupler using two wave-
guides wirb apeiWzs in 3 common sidewalr. as shown helow.

7.17 Consider the general branch-line coupler shown below. having shunt am charactdstic impedmck
Z, , and series arm characteristic impedances Zh. Using an everiaid mode analysis, derive design
equations for a quadrature hybrid coupler with w arbirrary power division mtio of a = &JP3,
and with the input pfi (pn 1) matched. Assume all i-urrt3 ase X/4 long. Is port 4 isolatwl, in
gencral?

7.1 8 An edge-coupled shipline with a ground plane spacing of 0.32 cm and a dielectric constant of 2.2
is required 10 h-ave even- arid dd-mode ch.xacreristk irnperlmw of Zu, = TUG md Zoo = IM Q.
Find the necessary strip widths and spacing.
7-19 A couplcd microstrip line on a substrate w
ith t, = 10 and d = 0.16 cm has strip widths of 0.16cm
and a smp spacing of 0.0W cm. Find the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances.
7-20 Repcat the derivation in Section 7.6 for the design equations of a single-section coupled line
coupler using re€le.ctlonand transmission coefficients.instead of voltages and currents,
7-21 Ucsim a single-section coupled line coupler wirh a coupling of 19.1 dB. a sysrem impedance of
6Ofl. and a centsr frequency of 8 GHz. Lf rht caupler is ca be made in stripline kdge~oupledl,
with E,. = 2.2 and b = 0.32 cm,had the necessary ship widths and separation-
7.22 Repeat Pmblcrn 7.2 1 for a coupling factor d 5 &. Is this a pradcal design?
7-23 Derive tqu~tiom(7.83) a d (7.843.
420 Chapter 7:Power Dividers and Directional Couplers

7 a Design a 25 dB three-section coupled line coupler wih a maximally Aar coupling response. Asshme
xu= 50 n,and find Zo,, Zaofor each scc~ion.Use CAI3 to plat [he coupling fator (in bgj versus
lkquency.

7-25 Repeat Problem 7.24 for a coupler with ;ul equal-ripple coupling response, where he ripple in rhe
coupling is I dB over the passband.
7.% F O ~h e Lmge coupler. derive the design equations E7.1001 for Zo, and Zo,from U.98)and (7.9).
7.27 Design a 3 dB Lange coupler fur operalion ar 5 GH2. If the coupler is to k fabricated in micmstrip
on an alumina subsrrsre with 6 , = 10 and d = 1.0 mm, compute 20,and 20, Ibr the t w c r adjacent
lines, and find h e necessary spacing and widths nf the lines.
7.28 Consider the four-part hybrid tramfomzez shown below. Determine the scattering matrix for this
dcvice. and show that it is similar in form to the scattering mitf-rix for thc I80' hybrid. Let the
port characteris~cimpedances he = ZM = Zo; Zo2= Zm = ZZo. (This type of transformer is
often used in telephone circuits.)

7.29 .4ninpul signal Vl is applied to h e sum port of a 180" hybrid, m d mother signal is applied to
the difference pa. What are rhc output signals'?
7-30 CnIculate the even- and cdd-mcde characteristic impedances for a tapered coupled line 180" hybrid
coupler with a 3 dB coupling ratio and a 50 61 characteristic impedance.

731 Find thc S parameten; for the four-port Bagley polygon power divider shown below.
732 For h e symmetric hybtid shown below. calcdate the output voltages if pm I is fcd with an
incident wave of I /O V. Assume the outputs are marched.