Unit Wise Question Bank for University Exam

Academic Year: 2018-19 Semester: I

Name of the program: B.Tech Year: IV Section: A
Course/Subject: Finite Elements Methods Course Code: RT41033
Name of the Faculty: B. Krishna Murthy Dept: Mechanical Engg.

Unit-1
1.(a) Derive stresses and strains relations for a three-dimensional element? Derive equivalent
nodal force vectors. (or) Derive Stress-equilibrium conditions for structural element.
(b) Explain Rayleigh Ritz and Galerkin formulation with example.
(c) What is meant by stiffness matrix?
2.(a) Define Weighted-Residual method?
(b) What is meant by plane stress analysis? Give examples.
(c) Explain the following: i) variation approach ii) weighted residual methods.
3.(a) Describe the procedure involved in finite element method?
(b) Write the advantages, disadvantages and applications of FEM
(c) State & explain the minimum potential energy principle?
4.(a) What are the basic approaches to improve a finite element model?
(b) An axial load P = 200103N is applied on a bar as shown in figure. Determine nodal
displacements, stress in each material and reaction forces

5. An axial load P=300X103N is applied at 200C to the rod as shown in Figure below. The

temperature is the raised to 600C. (a) Assemble the K and F matrices. (b) Determine the nodal
displacements and stresses.
6. Consider the bar as shown in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, element stresses and
support reactions. Solve this problem by hand calculation, adopting the elimination method for
handling boundary conditions.

7. Determine the displacements stress and support reactions in the structure shown in the figure.
Take P = 62 X 103 N, E=20 X 103 N/mm2

8.(a) Derive the strain displacement relation for a 2 dimensional element?

𝑑2𝑦
(b) For the differential equation + 500𝑥 2 = 0 for 0 < X< 1and with boundary conditions
𝑑2𝑥

y(0)=0 and y(1)=0, find the solution of this problem using any two weighted residual methods.
9.(a) Consider a bar as shown in figure (a).Young’s Modulus E = 2 x 105N/mm2. A1= 2cm2,
A2=1cm2 and force of 100N is applied. Determine the nodal displacement.

(b) Solve the differential equation for a physical problem expressed as d2y/dx2+ 50 = 0, 0≤x≤10
here boundary conditions as y (0)= 0 and y (10)= 0 using the trial function y = a1x (10-x) find
the value of the parameters a1by the following methods. (i) Least squares method and (ii)
Galerkin method.
10.(a) Discuss the following methods to solve the given differential equation:

With the boundary condition y(0) = 0 and y (x) = 0 (i) Sub domain method (ii)Weighted residual
method
(b) Write the potential energy for beam of span L simply supported at both ends, subjected to a
concentrated load P at mid span. Assume EI as constant
11.Consider the bar shown in the fig, determine the nodal displacements, element stresses and
support reactions

12. For the spring assemblages shown in figure determine the nodal displacements by using the
concept of potential energy.

13. A load P=60x103 N is applied on a bar as shown in Figure. Determine (i) Displacement field
(ii) Stresses and (iii) Support reactions?

14. Derive the shape functions for a two noded bar element using global, length and natural
coordinate system. Test the properties of the shape functions for each case.
15. Determine the nodal displacement and element stresses for the stepped bar loaded as shown
in Figure. P1=100 KN and P2=75 KN. The details of each section of the bar are shown in
table:

Portion Material E (Gpa) Area (mm2)

A Steel 200 1200
B Aluminium 70 800

Unit-2
1.(a) What is meant by discretization & boundary condition?
(b) Differentiate between local and global coordinates
(c) Why polynomial type of interpolation functions is mostly used in FEM?
2.(a) Consider a simple one dimension structure with three elements, explain the process of
stiffness matrix and load vector assembly.
(b) Discuss about the types of elements used in domain discritization.
(c) Write the properties of stiffness matrix.
3. (a) Explain the terms i) Mesh generation ii) Node number generation iii) Element assembly.

(b) What are local and global coordinate systems?

4.(a) Explain in detail about the requirement of convergence in Finite Element Methods?
(b) Derive stiffness matrix for one dimensional bar element?
(c) What are the different types of boundary conditions? Give examples.
5.(a) Briefly discuss elimination approach to handle boundary conditions for solution of system
of equations?
(b) Define shape function? Derive shape function in terms of Cartesian coordinates?
6.(a) Explain the significance of node numbering and element numbering during the
discretization process.
(b) Discuss about the types of elements used in domain discritization.
 Unit-3
1.(a) What is a beam? Write the hermite shape functions for beam element?
(b) For the two-bar truss shown in figure, determine the displacements and stress. A1=500mm2,
A2=1200mm2, E=2x105N/mm2.

2.(a) What types of problems are treated as one-dimensional problems?

(b) What is a Jacobian transformation?

3.(a)What is a truss? State the assumptions made while analyzing the truss, derive the stiffness
matrix for truss element?
(b) For the beam shown in figure calculate the deflection under the load for the beam

4.(a) Estimate the displacement vector, stresses for the truss structure as shown below Figure.
Take E=2x105N/mm2

(b)Write down the expressions for the element stiffness matrix and force vector of a beam
element.

5.(a).Derive the load vector for UDL in beam.

(b) Calculate nodal displacement and elemental stresses for the truss shown in figure.E=70GPa
and cross-sectional area A=2cm2 for all truss members. for all truss members.
6.(a) Derive the shape functions for a beam element.
(b)Determine the displacement and slopes at the nodes for the beam shown in figure. Take
k=200KN/m, E=70GPa. and I=2X10-4 m4

7. (a) For the beam shown in Figure, determine displacement and slopes at the nodes, forces and
reactions for each element.

(b) For the two-bar Truss shown in figure. Determine: (i) Nodal displacements (ii) Element
stresses (iii) Reaction forces

8.(a) Determine the maximum deflection in the uniform cross section of cantilever beam shown
in figure by assuming the beam as a single element.

(b) Find the nodal displacements and element stresses in a plane truss shown in the figure below.
9. (a) Estimate the displacement vector, stresses and reactions for the truss structure as shown in
figure. E= 20 x 106 N/cm2, A=200mm2

(b) Determine the displacements and slopes at the nodes for the beam shown in figure.Find the
moment at the midpoint of element1. E = 200 GPa, Cross sectional area = 25×25mm2.

10. (a) Derive the expression for a element stiffness matrix of a beam.
(b) Assemble the global stiffness matrix and nodal displacement-for the fig. shown below
solve the problem by using SI units only. Take 1lb = 4.44N 1 in2 = 645.16 mm21psi = 6.89
KP 1in = 25.4 mm as shown in figure.

11. Find the deflections and support reactions for the beam shown in the figure. Take E=210GPa.
12. a) Derive an expression for stiffness matrix for 2D-truss element.
b) For the beam and loading shown in figure determine : (i) slope at 2 and 3 (ii) vertical
deflection at midpoint of the load Take E=200GPa, I=4 x 106 mm4

13. For the plane trusses shown in figure, determine the horizontal and vertical displacements of
node 1 and the stresses in each element. All elements have E=210 GPa and A=4.0 X 10-4 m2

14. Consider a beam with uniform distributed load as shown in the figure. Estimate the
deflection at the centre of the beam. E=200Gpa; A=25mm×25mm.

Unit-4
1.(a) Specify the various elasticity equations in CST?
(b) What is a Jacobian transformation?
(c) Derive the strain displacement relationship matrix for CST element.
2.(a) What is axisymmetric element? What are the conditions for a problem to be axisymmetric?
(b) Nodal coordinates for an Axi-Symmetric element are given below. Evaluate Stiffness
Matrix. E=2x105N/mm2, ʋ= 0.25.
3. (a) Derive the constitutive matrix for an axisymmetric element?
(b) A 4 noded rectangular element is shown in figure. Determine a) Jacobian Matrix b) Strain
Displacement Matrix c) Element Stresses Take E = 2 x 105N/mm2, ʋ= 0.25, ξ = η = 0, U= [0,
0, 0.003, 0.004, 0.006, 0.004, 0, 0] T. Assume Plane Stress conditions.

4.(a) Derive strain displacement [B] matrix for a 3 noded Triangular element?
(b) Calculate displacements and stress in a triangular plate, fixed along one edge and subjected
to concentrated load at its free end. Assume E = 70,000 MPa, t = 10 mm and ʋ= 0.3.

5.(a) Derive element force vector when linearly varying pressure acts on the side joining nodes j,
k of triangular element shown in figure and body force of 25N/mm2acts downwards. Thickness
= 5mm.All dimensions are in mm.

(b) Determine the stiffness matrix for the axisymmetric element shown in figure. Take
E=2.1x106N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio as 0.3. All dimensions are in mm only
6. (a) The nodal coordinates of the triangular element are shown in figure. At the interior point P
the x coordinate is 3.3 and the shape function at node 1 is N1 is 0.3. Determine the shape
functions at nodes 2 and 3 and also the y coordinate of the point P.

(b) For the axisymetric triangular element 1, determine consistent loads at the nodes 2 and 3 due
to pressure load as shown in figure. Also calculate material property matrix [D].

7.(a) Derive the stress-strain relationship matrix (D) for the axisymmetric triangular element.
(b) Obtain the global stiffness matrix for the plate shown in figure. Taking two triangular
elements. Assume plane stress condition and E=70GPa, t= 10 mm and Poisson’s ratio as 0.33.

8. (a) An axisymmetric body with a linearly distributed load on the conical surface is shown
in fig.4 Determine the equivalent point loads at nodes 2,4, and 6.
(b) Nodal coordinates for an Axi-Symmetric element are given below. Evaluate Stiffness Matrix.
E=2x105N/mm2, ʋ= 0.25.

9.(a) Derive the stiffness matrix and the jacobian matrix for a three noded constant strain
triangular element.

(b) For the two dimensional loaded plate shown in figure, determine the displacements of node 1
and 2 and the element stresses using plane stress conditions.
 Unit-5
1.(a) Explain about isoparametric and subparametric elements.
(b) Derive the strain displacement matrix of two dimensional four noded isoparametric elements
(c) Evaluate the integral by two and three point gauss quadrature rule.
1
I=∫−1 𝑥 3-2x2+5x-7dx.
2. (a) Derive the element stiffness matrix for the four node quadrilateral.
(b) Determine the shape functions N1, N2 and N3at the interior point P for the triangular element
shown in the figure

3.(a) Derive the shape functions of two dimensional four noded iso-parametric elements. Plot the
shape functions.
(b) Write a note on two point integration rule for 1-D and 2-D problems.
4.(a) Write a short notes on higher order elements used in FEM
(b) Determine the jacobian matrix for the quadratic isoparametric triangular element shown
in figure below.

1
5.(a) Using two point Gaussian quadrature formula solve ∫−1 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(b) Derive shape function for a 4-noded quadrilateral Element using Lagrange’s methods.
6.(a) Explain in detail the applications of iso-parametric elements in two and three dimensional
stress analysis.
(b) Use Gaussian quadrature rule (n=2) to numerically integrate.
1 1
∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
−1 −1
7.(a) Evaluate jacobian matrix at ξ = η = 0.5 for the linear quadrilateral element shown in figure
 1
(b) Evaluate the following (i) ∫−1(4𝑥 + 𝑥4)𝑑𝑥
1
(ii) ∫−1(2 + 5𝑥 + 8𝑥3)𝑑𝑥
1 1
(iii) ∫−1 ∫−1 7𝑥2𝑦4𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
1 1
(iv) ∫−1 ∫−1(3𝑥2 + 4𝑦2)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
8.(a) Derive Strain displacement relation matrix for four noded quadrilateral element?
(b) Consider a quadrilateral element as shown in figure the local coordinates are ξ =0.5, η = 0.5.
Evaluate Jacobian matrix and strain-Displacement matrix.

Unit-6
1.(a) Define dynamic analysis?
(b) Determine the Eigen values and Eigen Vectors for the stepped bar as shown in figure?

2.(a) Define Eigen value and Eigen vector?

(b) Determine all natural frequencies of the simply supported beam as shown in figure?

3.(a) Determine the Eigen values and Eigen vectors for the stepped bar as shown in
figure.E=20×106Psi, Specific weight = 0.24 lb/in3
(b) Find the natural frequencies of longitudinal vibration of the unconstrained stepped bar shown
in Figure.

4.(a) Explain the following i) Consistent vs. lumped mass matrices ii) Free vibration analysis
using FEM.
(b) Consider axial vibration of the steel bar shown infig.4 (i) Develop the global stiffness and
mass matrices and (ii) Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes using the
characteristic polynomial