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Abstract
The ancient alphabet may be based on asterisms.
Introduction
These exhibits are the result of research that I did in the
mid 1970s with the goal of the decipherment of the
ancient alphabet under the mentorship of Dr. Hugh
Anderson Moran, author of The Alphabet and the
Ancient Calendar Signs, Daily Press, 1969. My theory
does not contradict Dr. Moran's findings about the
similarity between the names of the ancient alphabet
letters and the names for ancient Chinese Lunar
asterisms.
Dedication
To Hugh Anderson Moran who taught me decipherment.
Summary
This article presents a sample of the initial line drawings,
tracings, and star maps that were used for the alphabet
decipherment, and can be considered as a rough draft.
These archive drawings are being updated using
software to create star maps for the specified dates.
Methods
Some of the exhibits are hand drawings of letters,
figures, and signs that are traced over a star map. Major
stars and coordinates may be included in these black
and white drawings. Some of these star map drawings
were created by placing different size black dots over
stars on a star map and using black line tape to connect
the dots to create the alphabet letters. Some exhibits
were made from slides that were projected in a
planetarium.
Exhibits
The exhibits are organized according to the alphabet
letter that they are based on or can be drawn over. The
letter name, the location that it was used, the
constellation name and file name.
2
Contents
Astronomical Alphabet Archives.....................................1
Abstract.......................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................1
Dedication...................................................................1
Summary....................................................................1
Methods......................................................................1
Exhibits.......................................................................1
Contents.....................................................................2
Astronomical Alphabet List..........................................5
Aleph = Early North Semitic........................................6
Aleph = Greek Ox Head Form....................................7
Aleph = Full Ox Head Form -3....................................8
Aleph = Gezer Calendar.............................................9
Aleph = North-Semitic Cursive..................................11
Aleph = Phoenician...................................................12
Aleph = Sinai.............................................................13
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head Form -2................................15
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head With Ear...............................16
Aleph = Sinai - 3.......................................................17
Beth = Egyptian Courtyard........................................18
Beth = Egyptian Temple............................................19
Beth = Hebrew Square Form....................................20
Beth = Hebrew Square Form -2................................21
Beth = Old Greek......................................................22
Beth = Old Greek -2..................................................23
Beth = Old Greek -3..................................................24
Beth = Phoenician 1000 BCE...................................25
Beth = Sinai..............................................................26
Beth = Sinai and Open Rectangle.............................26
Beth = Sinai and Closed Rectangle..........................27
Beth = Sinai House...................................................27
Beth = Sinai Rectangular Form.................................28
Gamma = Greek - Curved Euboa - Korinth..............29
Gamma = Old Greek.................................................30
Gimel = Egyptian Corner & Throw Stick....................31
Gimel = Egyptian Corner -3......................................32
Gimel = Hebrew........................................................33
Gimel = Phoenician...................................................34
Gimel = Phoenician - Byblian....................................35
Gimel = Phoenician Gebal # 1 + 2............................36
Gimel = Roman.........................................................37
Gimel = Roman Curved............................................38
Gimel = Tell - Ed - Duweir.........................................39
Daleth = Balu............................................................40
Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean.............................41
Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean, & Safatic............42
Daleth = Lachish Letters...........................................43
Daleth = Monumental................................................44
Daleth = Old Semitic.................................................45
Daleth = Old Semitic -2.............................................46
Daleth = Old Semitic -3.............................................47
Daleth = Phoenician..................................................48
Daleth = Phoenician Long Oval................................49
Daleth = Phoenician Oval.........................................50
Daleth = Sabaean - Minaean....................................51
Daleth = Sinai...........................................................52
3
Daleth = Greek..........................................................53
Heh = Monumental, Coin, Gem................................54
Heh = Sinai...............................................................55
Heh = Sinai...............................................................56
Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th................................57
Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th (-2)..........................58
Heh = Monumental, Cursive, Coin, Gem..................59
Heh = Phoenician & Monumental.............................60
Vaw = Extended to Alpha..........................................61
Vaw = No Alpha Line.................................................62
Vaw = Perseus alternative........................................63
Zayin = Book Hand, Samaria....................................64
Zayin = Coin Script....................................................65
Zayin = Early Hebrew................................................66
Zayin = Early Hebrew -2 curves................................67
Zayin = Early North Semitic......................................68
Zayin = Seal and Gem Script....................................69
Zayin = Sinai, Early North Semitic.............................70
Zayin = Sinai Sledge.................................................71
Zayin = Egyptian Sledge...........................................72
Zayin = Gezer Monumental, Cursive.........................73
Zayin = Gezer, Monumental - no Al Nath.................74
Zayin = Sinai Parallel Lines.......................................75
Heth = Six views.......................................................76
Heth = Byblos Byblian...............................................77
Heth = Classical Greek.............................................77
Heth = Gezer Monumental........................................78
Heth = Gezer, Phoenician.........................................79
Heth = Lachish Letters..............................................80
Heth = Sinai..............................................................80
Heth = Phoenician, Monumental...............................81
Heth = Sinai Twisted Hank........................................82
Teth = Two Views......................................................83
Yod = Greek & Latin..................................................85
Yod = Gezer, Moabite...............................................86
Yod = Sinai Hand......................................................86
Kaf = Early North Semitic..........................................87
Kaf = Gezer...............................................................87
Kaf = Moabite, Phoenician........................................88
Kaf = Sinai................................................................89
Lamed = Hebrew.......................................................90
Lamed = Sinai Spiral form.........................................90
Lamed = Sinai, Tel - Ed - Duweir...............................91
Lamed = Spiral form..................................................91
Mem = Byblos, Moabite Stone..................................92
Mem = Gezer, Moabite, Coin Script..........................93
Mem = Sinai waters form..........................................94
Mem = Sinai waters form - v2...................................94
Nun = Early Hebrew, Phoenician, Moabite Stone.....95
Nun = Modern Hebrew..............................................96
Nun = Seal & Gem, Macabean.................................97
Nun = Sinai...............................................................98
Nun = Sinai Snake, Cobra........................................99
Samech = Gezer, North Semitic................................99
Samech = Sinai.......................................................100
Samech = Sinai - v2................................................100
Ayin = North Semitic, Hebrew.................................101
Ayin = Egyptian Eye................................................101
4
1 Aleph = Lyra
Ox, A Bull, Cattle, A Bull Head
2 Beth = Ursa Minor
House, Temple, Daughter, Woman
3 Gimel = Cassiopeia
Camel, Throw Stick
4 Daleth = Cepheus
Door, (Dal=bucket, Draw Water)
5 Heh = Ursa Major
Lo!, the, Window
6 Vaw = Andromeda
Peg, Hook, Pin, And, Therefore
7 Zayin = Auriga
Weapon, Olive? (To Move, Rise)
8 Heth = Hercules
‘H’, Fence, (To Destroy)
9 Teth = Ophiuchius
‘T’, Serpent, Cross In Circle
10 Yod = Northern Polar Stars
Hand, (Strength, Power, A Sign)
11 Kaf = Libra
Palm Of Hand, A Measure, Double
12 Lamed = Cygnus
Goad, Ox-goad, (To Learn)
13 Mem = Sagittarius
Water
14 Nun = Draco
Fish
15 Samech = Capricorn
Prop, Fish
16 Ayin = Corona Borealis
Eye, Well, Spring Of Water
17 Peh = Canis Major
Mouth
18 Tzade = Leo
Fish-hook
19 Kof = Cancer
Back Of Head, (Monkey, Circuit)
20 Resh = Delphinus
Head, Face, First, Chief
21 Shin = Virgo
Tooth, Teeth
22 Tav = Bootes
Wild Ox, Mark, To, End
6
Aleph = Phoenician
Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Phoenician.bmp
13
Aleph = Sinai
Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai.bmp
14
Aleph = Sinai - 3
Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai-3.bmp
18
Beth = Sinai
Constellation: Ursa Minor
2_BETH_Sinai.bmp
Gimel = Hebrew
Constellation: Cassiopeia
3_GIMEL_Hebrew.BMP
34
Gimel = Phoenician
Constellation: Cassiopeia
3_GIMEL_Phoenician_2.bmp
35
Gimel = Roman
Constellation: Cassiopeia
3_GIMEL_Roman.BMP
38
Daleth = Balu
Constellation: Cepheus
4_DALETH_Balu.bmp
41
Daleth = Monumental
Constellation: Cepheus
4_DALETH_Monumental.bmp
45
Daleth = Phoenician
Constellation: Cepheus
4_DALETH_Phoenician.BMP
49
Daleth = Sinai
Constellation: Cepheus
4_DALETH_Sinai.BMP
53
Daleth = Greek
Constellation: Cepheus
4_Delta_Greek.bmp
54
Heh = Sinai
Constellation: Ursa Major
5_HEH_Hebrew_Sinai.BMP
56
Heh = Sinai
Constellation: Ursa Major
5_HEH_Hebrew_Sinai-NORTH.BMP
57
Heth = Sinai
Constellation: Hercules
8_HETH_Hercules_Sinai_Origin-fig81.bmp
81
Kaf = Gezer
Constellation: Libra
11_KAF_Libra_Gezer.bmp
88
Kaf = Sinai
Constellation: Libra
11_KAF_Libra_Sinai.bmp
90
Lamed = Hebrew
Constellation: Cygnus
12_LAMED_Cygnus_Hebrew.bmp
Nun = Sinai
Constellation: Draco
14_NUN_Draco_Sinai_fig81-82_Originof.bmp
99
Samech = Sinai
Constellation: Capricorn
15_SAMECH_Capricorn_Sinai_fig81_fish.bmp
Samech = Sinai - v2
Constellation: Capricorn
15_SAMECH_Capricorn_Sinai-2_fig81_fish.bmp
101
Peh = Sinai
Constellation: Canis Major
17_PEH_Canis_Major_Sinai_milkyway-mouth.bmp
106
Tzade = Gezer
Constellation: Leo
18_TZADE_Leo_Gezer_Diringer_fig30.bmp
107
Tzade = Phoenician
Constellation: Leo
18_TZADE_Leo_Phoenician_Diringer_fig52.bmp
108
Kof = Gezer
Constellation: Cancer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Gezer.bmp
110
Kof = Monumental
Constellation: Cancer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Monumental.bmp
111
Kof = Phoenician
Constellation: Cancer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Phoenician.bmp
112
Kof = Phoenician - v2
Constellation: Cancer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Phoenician-2.bmp
113
Kof = Sinai
Constellation: Cancer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Sinai.bmp
114
Resh = Byblos
Constellation: Delphinus
20_RESH_Delphinus_Byblos.bmp
115
Resh = Greek
Constellation: Delphinus
20_RESH_Delphinus_Greek.bmp
Resh = Phoenician
Constellation: Delphinus
20_RESH_Delphinus_Phoenician.bmp
116
Resh = Sinai - v3
Constellation: Delphinus
20_RESH_Delphinus_Sinai_form-3.bmp
117
Resh = Sinai
Constellation: Delphinus
20_RESH_Delphinus_Sinai_Origin-fig81.bmp
118