8. Allowance and Disallowance of Wills (Arts.

838 – 839)

A. Necessity of Probate (Art. 838)

Rodriguez v Rodriguez, 642 SCRA 642
Heirs of Rosendo Lasam v Umengan, 510 SCRA 496

B. Jurisdiction of the Probate Court; Effects of Judgment

Gallanosa v Arcangel, 83 SCRA 676

C. Extrinsic v Intrinsic Validity

Dorotheo v Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 12

D. Issue of Ownership
Pastor v Court of Appeals, 122 SCRA 885
Jimenez v Intermediate Appellate Court, 184 SCRA 367

E. Exception to the Scope of Inquiry

Nepomuceno v Court of Appeals, 139 SCRA 206

F. Types of Probate
 Ante-mortem Probate
 Post-mortem Probate
 Reprobate of a Will

G. Presentment of the will

H. Probate of a Lost Will

Gan v Yap, 104 Phil 509

I. Secondary Evidence of a Lost Will

Rodelas v Aranza, 119 SCRA 16

J. Grounds for the Disallowance of a Will (Art. 839)

 Want of Capacity
 Non-compliance with formalities
 Vice of Consent (See Arts. 1331, 1335, 1337 and 1338)
Baltazar v Laxa, 669 SCRA 249
Pascual v de la Cruz, 28 SCRA 421
Ozaeta v Cuartero, 99 SCRA 1041
Coso v Fernandez Deza, 42 Phil 596
Ortega v Valmonte, 478 SCRA 247

9. Institution of Heirs (Arts. 840 – 856)

A. Concept of Institution (Art. 840)

 Requisites

B. Institution of Heirs not Necessary (Art. 841)

C. Complete Distribution of the Estate not Necessary

 D. Freedom to Dispose the Estate (Art. 842)
 Limitations on the Power of the Testator to Dispose his Estate

E. Designation of Heirs (Arts. 843, 844, and 845)

F. Rule of Equality (Arts. 846 and 848)

Dizon-Rivera v Dizon, 33 SCRA 554

G. Collective Institution (Art. 847)

H. Simultaneous vs. Successive Institution (Art. 849)

I. Institution Based on a False Cause (Art. 850)

Austria v Reyes, 31 SCRA 754

J. Causes of Partial Intestacy (Art. 851)

K. Adjustments of Shares (Arts. 852 and 853)

L. Preterition (Art. 854)

 Statutory Protection of the Legitime (Arts. 854, 906 and 1061)

 Requisites of Preterition
 Total Omission
Aznar v Duncan, 17 SCRA 590
 Omitted Compulsory Heir in the Direct Line
Balanay v Martinez, 64 SCRA 454
Acain v Intermediate Appellate Court, 155 SCRA 100
 Distinction between Preterition and Ineffective Disinheritance
 Effects of Preterition
 Preterition as an Issue of Substantive Validity of the Will
Nuguid v Nuguid, 17 SCRA 449
 Preterition is Governed by the National Law of the Decedent
Cayetano v Leonidas, 129 SCRA 522
 Where Omission is not total (Art. 855)

M. Representation in Testamentary Succession (Art. 856)

10. Substitution of Heirs (Arts. 857 – 870)

A. Definition of “substitution” and its deficiency

B. Objective of Substitution

A. Types of Substitution
 Simple substitution; grounds (Art. 859)
 Brief and Compendious (Art. 860)
 Reciprocal (Art. 861)
 Substitution among Voluntary and Compulsory Heirs
  Fideicommissary (Art. 863)
 Requisites
 Policy on Successive Institutions
 Distinguished from a testamentary trust (vda. de Mapa v CA, 154 SCRA 294)
 Meaning of one degree apart (Ramirez v Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704)
 Duty to preserve and to transmit (Crisologo v Singson, 4 SCRA 491)
 Limitations (Arts. 864 and 865)
 Acquisition of ownership (Art. 866)
 Prohibited stipulations (Art. 867)
 Nullity of substitution (Art. 868)
 Prohibition to Alienate Property (Art. 870; Rodriguez v CA, 27 SCRA 546)

11. Conditional Testamentary Dispositions and Testamentary Dispositions with a Term (Arts. 871
– 885)

A. Definition of Condition (See Arts. 1179, 1182, 1184, 1185, 1186, 1187)

B. Definition of a Term (See Arts. 1193)

C. Exclusion of the Legitime (Art. 872)

D. Different Types of Conditions

 Impossible (Art. 873; see also Art. 1183)

 Effect
 Time of Impossibility
 Condition not to Marry (Art. 874)
 Disposition captatoria (Art. 875)
 Purely Potestative (Art. 876)
 Time of compliance
 Casual and Mixed Conditions (Art. 877)
 Time of fulfillment
 Potestative (Art. 879)
 Negative Potestative; caucion muciana

E. Institution with a Term (Arts. 878 and 885)

 Suspensive Term; effect

 Resolutory Term; effect

F. Disposition of Property Prior to the fulfillment of a Suspensive Condition or Term (Arts.

880, 881 and 885)

G. Modal Institution (Art. 882)

Rabadilla v Court of Appeals, 334 SCRA 522

 Analogous Compliance (Art. 883)

 Prevention Principle
 H. Modal and Conditional Institutions Compared

12. Legitime (Arts. 886 – 914)

A. Definition of Legitime (Art. 886)

 Inclusion into the Institution

B. Compulsory Heirs and their Classification (Art. 887)

 Qualification under Art. 992
 Classification of Illegitimate Children (Art. 165, Family Code)

C. Legitime of Legitimate Children and Legitimate Descendants (Art. 888)

Francisco v Francisco-Alfonso, 354 SCRA 112
 Representation of legitimate descendants
 Exclusion of ascendants (Baritua v CA, 183 SCRA 565)

D. Legitimate Parents and legitimate ascendants (Art. 889)

 Consolidation of legitime to surviving parent (Art. 890)
 Division per stirpes among legitimate ascendants (Art. 890)

E. Reserva Troncal (Art. 891)

 History of the reservas
 Objective of the reserve
 The Origin and the First Transmission of Title
Chua v CFI of Negros Occidental, 78 SCRA 414
 Treatment of Simulated Sales
 The Prepositus and his power to thwart the reserve
 The Reservor and the Second Transmission of Title
Solivio v Court of Appeals, 182 SCRA 119
Lacerna v vda. de Corsino, 1 SCRA 1227
 Transmission of title to the Reservor
 Reservor’s title to the Reservable Property (Edroso v Sablan, 25 Phil 295)
 Reservor as a conditional heir (Sienes v Esparcia, 1 SCRA 750)
 Fulfillment of the double resolutory condition (Florentino v Florentino, 40 Phil 480)
 The Reservees
 Legitimacy is required (Nieva v Alcala, 41 Phil 915)
 Determination of the reservees (de papa v Camacho, 144 SCRA 281)
 Distribution of the reservable property (reserva integral and delayed intestacy)
Padura v Baldovino, 104 Phil 1065
 The right of representation
 Rule of Equal Division
 Accdidental Transfer of Property nor Required (Gonzales v CFI, 104 SCRA 481)
 The Encumbrance on the Reservable Property
Sumaya v Intermediate Appellate Court, 201 SCRA 178
 Reserva Minima and Reserva Maxima
 Extinguishment of the Reserva (Carillo v de Paz, 18 SCRA 467)

F. Legitime of the Surviving Spouse

 Concurring with one or more legitimate children (Art. 892)
  Source of the legitime of the spouse (Art. 892)
 Effect of Divorce (Van Dorn v Romillo, 139 SCRA139)
 Effects of Legal Separation (Art. 63, Family Code)
 Effects of Marriages Terminated by Judicial Decree (Arts. 40, 41, 42, 43 and 50, Family
Code)
 Concurring with legitimate parents or legitimate ascendants (Art. 893)
 Concurring with illegitimate children (Art. 894)
 Preference of Spouse over Illegitimate Children
 Sufficiency of the Hereditary Estate; reduction of legitime
 Inheriting alone (Art. 900)

G. Illegitimate Children
 Concurring with legitimate parents or legitimate ascendants (Art. 896)
 Concurring with legitimate children and surviving spouse (Art. 897)
 Concurring with legitimate parents or legitimate ascendants and spouse (Art. 899)
 Inheriting alone (Art. 901)
 Right of Representation of Illegitimate Children (Art. 902)
 Discriminatory Effect of Art. 992

H. Illegitimate Parents (Art. 903)

13. Disinheritance (Arts. 915 – 923)

A. Concept and Scope of Disinheritance (Art. 915)

B. Requisites of a Valid Disinheritance (Art. 916)

 Proof of ground for disinheritance (Art. 917)

C. Ineffective Disinheritance; effect (Art. 918)

 Recovery under a void disinheritance

D. Grounds to Disinherit a Child or Descendant (Art. 919)

 Attempt on the Life; scope and exclusions
 Necessity of conviction by final judgment
 Degree of participation (See Arts. 16, 17, 18 and 19, Revised Penal Code)
 False Accusation
 Direct and Indirect Accusation
 Necessity of Definitive Acquittal
 Adultery and Concubinage
 Necessity of Conviction by final judgment
 Fraud or Coercion (See Arts. 1335, 1337 and 1338)
 Necessity of Executing a New Will
 Refusal to Give Support (See Arts. 194, 195, 201 and 202, Family Code)
 Maltreatment of the Testator (Seangio v Reyes, 508 SCRA 117)
 Leading a Disgraceful Life
 Civil Interdiction (See Art. 41, Revised Penal Code)

E. Grounds to Disinherit a Parent or Ascendant (Art. 920)

 Abandonment of Children, concept (See Art. 276 Revised Penal Code)
  Inducing the Child to Live a Corrupt or Immoral Life
 Attempt on their Virtue
 Loss of Parental Authority (See Arts. 229, 230, 231, 232, Family Code)
 Recovery of Parental Authority; effect
 Attempt of a Parent on the Life of the Other
 Non-necessity of Prior Conviction
 Effect of Reconciliation between the Parents
 Conflict with Paragraph 2 of Art. 920

F. Grounds to Disinherit a Spouse

 Giving Cause for Legal Separation (See Art. 55, Family Code)
 Effect of Reconciliation (Bugayong v Ginez, 100 Phil 616)

G. Grounds Common to Disinheritance and Incapacity by Reason of Unworthiness

 Obliterating the effect of Disinheritance (Art. 922); Unworthiness (Art. 1033)

H. Representation of the Disinherited Heir (Art. 923)

14. Legacies and Devises (Arts. 924 – 959)

A. Concept of Legacies and Devises (Art. 924)

B. Burden of Legacies and Devises (Art. 925)

C. Individual and Collective Responsibility for Legacies and Devises (Art. 926)

D. Responsibility for the Loss of the thing (Art. 927)

E. Warranty for Generic Legacies and Devises (Art. 928)

 For eviction
 For hidden defects (See Art. 1547)

F. Legacies and Devises as to the Extent of the Ownership of the Testator

 Gift of Property Partly Owned by the Testator (Art. 929)
 Gift of Property Erroneously Believed by the Testator to be his (Art. 930)
 Gift of Property Belonging to Another (Art. 931)
 Limitation on the Obligation to Acquire the Property
 Gift of Property Already Owned by the Legatee or Devisee (Arts. 932 and 933)

G. Legacy of Encumbered Property (Arts. 934 and 946)

H. Legacy of Credit or Remission (Arts. 935, 936 and 937)

 Legacy of Future Credit; Legacy of Remission Involving Future Debts
 Documentation of Assignment of Credit and Remission of Debts
 Transfer of Accessories
 Extinguishment of the Legacy of Credit

I. Legacy to a Creditor (Art. 938)

 Application of the Legacy to the Credit
  Proof of Creditor’s Claim
 Erroneous Order of Payment; Excessive Payment (Art. 939)
 Order to Pay Natural Obligation (See Art. 1423)

J. Alternative Legacies and Devises (Arts. 940, 941, 942 and 943; see also Arts. 1199 to
1206, inclusive)

K. Legacy for Education and Support (Art. 944)

 Termination of Support

L. Legacy of Pension (Art. 945)

M. Acquisition of Rights to the Legacy or Devise (Art. 947) and to the Fruits (Arts. 948 and
949)

N. Order of Reduction of Legacies and Devices (no compulsory heirs) (Art. 950)

O. Delivery of Legacies and Devises

 Deliver of Accessions and Accessories (Art. 951; see also Art. 440)
 Delivery of Legacy cannot be substituted with payment of its value (Art. 952)
 Request for Delivery (Art. 953)
 Partly Onerous and Partly Gratuitous Legacies/Devises (Arts. 954 and 955)

P. Ineffective Legacies and Devises (Arts. 956 and 957)

Q. Mistake as to the name of the thing (Art. 958)