7 Diagram 7.1 shows an apparatus that is used to investigate a physics principle.

When air flows from P

to Q, the water level in one arm of the tube rises as shown.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan satu alat untuk mengkaji satu prinsip fizik. Apabila udara mengalir dari P ke Q,
paras air dalam satu lengan tiub itu naik seperti yang ditunjukkan.

Air flow
P Q
Aliran udara

Water
5 cm
Air

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

(a) Name the physics principle involved.

Namakan prinsip fizik itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(b) (i) Compare the pressure at point P and point Q.

Bandingkan tekanan di titik P dan titik Q.

……….………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(ii) Explain why there is a difference in pressure between point P and point Q.
Jelaskan mengapa terdapat perbezaan tekanan antara titik P dan titik Q.

……….………………………………………………………………………………………

……….………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(c) Calculate the pressure difference between point P and point Q.

Hitungkan perbezaan tekanan antara titik P dan titik Q.
[Density of water / Ketumpatan air = 1 000 kg m–3]

[2 marks] / [2 markah]
(d) Suggest two ways by which the difference in water level in the tube can be increased and give
reasons for your answers.
Cadangkan dua cara bagaimana perbezaan paras air dalam tiub itu boleh ditambah dan beri
sebab bagi jawapan anda.

Suggestion 1 / Cadangan 1

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Reason / Sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks] / [2 markah]

Suggestion 2 / Cadangan 2

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Reason / Sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks] / [2 markah]
7 Diagram 7.1 shows an a.c. generator in which a coil is being turned in a magnetic field.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.u. di mana satu gegelung diputar dalam medan
magnet.

Rotation / Putaran

Slip ring
Gelang gelincir

Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1

(a) (i) What is the meaning of magnetic field?

Apakah maksud medan magnet?

..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(ii) Why does the bulb light up?
Mengapakah mentol itu menyala?

..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(b) Some modifications need to be done to the a.c. generator in Diagram 7.1 to convert it
into a d.c. motor.
Beberapa pengubahsuaian perlu dilakukan terhadap penjana a.u. dalam Rajah 7.1 untuk
menjadikannya sebuah motor a.t.

(i) State the modification that has to be done to the slip rings.
Nyatakan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan terhadap gelang gelincir.

..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(ii) What component should replace the light bulb?
Apakah komponen yang harus menggantikan mentol?

..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(c) Diagram 7.2 shows the cross-sectional view of the coil and magnet of the d.c. motor.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan pandangan keratan rentas bagi gegelung dan magnet bagi motor
a.t. itu.

Current out
Arus keluar

N S
Current in
Arus masuk

Diagram 7.2 / Rajah 7.2

In Diagram 7.2, draw the resultant magnetic field that causes the coil to rotate.
Show the direction of the force, F, that acts on the coil.

Dalam Rajah 7.2, lukis medan magnet paduan yang menyebabkan gegelung itu berputar.
Tunjukkan arah daya, F, yang bertindak ke atas gegelung itu.
[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(d) Further modifications need to be done to make the motor turn faster. State the
modifications and give a reason for your answers.

Pengubahsuaian selanjutnya perlu dilakukan untuk membuat motor itu berputar dengan
lebih laju. Nyatakan pengubahsuaian itu dan beri sebab bagi jawapan anda.

(i) The coil / Gegelung :

...........................................................................................................................

Reason / Sebab :

...........................................................................................................................
[2 marks] / [2 markah]
(ii) The magnet / Magnet :

...........................................................................................................................

Reason / Sebab :

...........................................................................................................................
[2 marks] / [2 markah]
8 Diagram 8.1 shows an object, O is placed in front of a convex lens. Focal length of the lens is
6 cm.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu objek, O diletakkan di hadapan suatu kanta cembung. Panjang
fokus kanta ialah 6 cm.

O 2F F F 2F

Diagram 8.1 / Rajah 8.1

(a) What is the meaning of focal length?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang fokus?

...............................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / markah]
(b) (i) Draw the ray diagram on Diagram 8.1 to show how the image is formed.
Lukis rajah sinar pada Rajah 8.1 untuk menunjukkan bagaimana imej terbentuk.
[3 marks / markah]

(ii) State two characteristics of the image formed in Diagram 8.1.

Nyatakan dua ciri imej yang terbentuk dalam Rajah 8.1.

......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / markah]
(c) Diagram 8.2 shows an astronomical telescope.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan satu teleskop astronomi.

Diagram 8.2 / Rajah 8.2

 Table 8 shows four lenses that can be used to build the telescope.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan empat kanta yang boleh digunakan untuk membina teleskop
tersebut.

Lens Type of lens Focal length, f / cm Diameter of lens

Kanta Jenis kanta Panjang fokus, f / cm Diameter kanta
Convex
P 100 Big / Besar
Cembung
Convex
Q 25 Big / Besar
Cembung
Concave
R 100 Small / Kecil
Cekung
Concave
S 25 Small / Kecil
Cekung
Table 8 / Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, state the suitable characteristics of the lens to be used as objective lens.
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri-ciri kanta yang sesuai untuk digunakan sebagai
kanta objektif.
(i) Types of lens / Jenis kanta:

.......................................................................................................................................
Reason / Sebab:

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / markah]
(ii) Focal length, f / Panjang fokus, f:

………………………………………………………………………………...............
Reason / Sebab:

………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks / markah]
(iii) Diameter / Diameter:

………………………………………………………………………………...............
Reason / sebab:

………………………………………………………………………………..………
[2 marks / markah]
(d) Based on your answer in 8 (c), choose the most suitable lens to be used as an objective
lens.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 8 (c), pilih kanta yang paling sesuai digunakan sebagai
kanta objektif.

...............................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / markah]
8 Diagram 8 shows a method used to detect a leakage of water pipe laid underground. A little
radioisotope substance is poured into the water that flows in the pipe. A detector is then used to
detect the radioactive ray emited by the radioisotope substance.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu kaedah mengesan kebocoran paip air yang terletak di bawah tanah.
Sedikit bahan radioisotop dimasukkan ke dalam air yang mengalir di dalam paip itu. Satu alat
pengesan digunakan untuk mengesan sinar radioaktif yang dikeluarkan oleh bahan radioisotop
tersebut.

Rate meter / Meter kadar

Detector / Pengesan
Flowing water
Air mengalir
Water pipe
Paip air

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
Table 8 shows four radioisotopes with their respective properties.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan empat radioisotop dengan ciri-ciri masing-masing.

Radioisotopes Half-life Type of radiation State of matter

Radioisotop Separuh hayat Jenis sinaran Keadaan jirim
P 28.5 years / tahun Beta / Beta Solid / Pepejal
Q 5.27 years / tahun Gamma / Gama Solid / Pepejal
R 14.3 days / hari Gamma / Gama Liquid / Cecair
S 15 hours / jam Beta / Beta Liquid / Cecair
Table 8 / Jadual 8
(a) What is the meaning of radioisotope?
Apakah maksud radioisotop?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]

(b) Based on Table 8, state the suitable properties of the radioisotope to detect the leakage of
the underground water pipes. Give a reason for the suitability of the properties.
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri-ciri yang sesuai untuk radioisotop untuk mengesan
kebocoran paip air. Berikan sebab untuk kesesuaian ciri-ciri tersebut.

(i) Half-life
Separuh hayat

………………………………………………………………………………………...
 Reason
Sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks / markah]
(ii) Type of radiation
Jenis sinaran

………………………………………………………………………………………..
Reason
Sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks / markah]
(i) State of matter
Keadaan jirim

……………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason
Sebab

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks / markah]
(c) Based on the answers in 8(b), determine the most suitable radioisotope in Table 8 used to
detect the leakage of water pipe.
Berdasarkan jawapan dalam 8(b), tentukan radioisotop yang paling sesuai dalam Jadual
8 untuk mengesan kebocoran paip air.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1
mark / markah]
(a) (i) From the reading of the rate meter produced, state the method used to identify the
position where the leakage occurs.
Daripada bacaan meter kadar yang diperolehi, nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan
untuk mengenal pasti kedudukan di mana kebocoran itu berlaku.

……..……….…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / markah]

(ii) Name the suitable detector to be used.

Namakan alat pengesan yang sesuai digunakan.

………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark / markah]
(b) The half-life of radioisotope Q is 5.27 years. Calculate the time taken for the activity of Q
to reduce to 12.5% of its initial value.
Separuh hayat radioisotop Q adalah 5.27 tahun. Hitung masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan
Q berkurang kepada 12.5% daripada nilai asal.

[2 marks / markah]
 MARK
NO. MARKING CRITERIA
SUB TOTAL

7(a) State the physic principle correctly

- Bernoulli’s principle 1 1

(b) (i) Compare the pressures correctly

- Pressure at Q is lower than P 1

(ii) Explain the difference in pressure correctly

- The cross sectional area at Q is smaller than at P 1
- The speed of air flow at Q is higher than at P 1 3

(c) Show the correct substitution

- Pressure difference, ΔP = h ρ g = (0.05)(1000)(10) 1

Correct answer and unit

- 500 Pa 1 2

(d) State the suggestion 1 and the reason correctly

- Increase the speed of the air flow
- Difference in pressure between P and Q is higher 2

State the suggestion 2 and the reason correctly

- Reduce the cross sectional area of Q
- Speed of air flow at Q is higher 2 4
10
7(a) (i) State the meaning correctly 1
- A region where a magnetic force is experienced

(ii) State the reason correctly 1

- The cutting of magnetic flux produces a current in the circuit

(b) (i) State the modification correctly 1

- replace the slip rings by a split ring // commutator

(ii) State the component correctly 1

- dry cell(s)/battery

(c) Draw the correct resultant field 1

Label the direction of the force correctly 1

(d) (i) State the modification of the coil correctly with reason 2
- more turns
- To produce a bigger force

State the modification of the magnet correctly with reason 2

(ii) - Stronger magnet
- Produce a stronger magnetic field
10
 Sub Total
No Mark Scheme
Mark Mark
8(a) State the meaning of focal length correctly
The distance between the focal point, F, and the optical center, C 1 1

(b) (i) Draw the ray diagram correclty

- Draw light ray pass through point F 1
- Draw light ray pass through point C 1
- Show the formation of image at the point of intercept between
the two light rays 1

(ii) State any two characteristics correctly

Real / inverted / diminished
Any two correct, award 1 mark 1 4

(c) (i) State the types of lens and reason correclty

Convex lens 1
To produced magnified / real image 1

(ii) State the focal length and reasons correctly

Longer 1
Higher magnification 1

(iii) State the diameter and reason correctly

Bigger diameter 1
Greater resolution / clearer image / collect more light 1 6

(d) Make a correct choice

Lens P 1 1

12

8(a) Unstable isotope 1

(b) (i) Shorter 1
Reason: Water will not be contaminated for a longer period 1
(ii) Beta 1
Reason: Moderate penetrating power // Can penetrate the ground to a certain 1
range only
(iii) Liquid 1
Reason: Dissolve well / easily with water 1
(c) S 1
(d) (i) When the ratemeter reading increases abruptly 1
(ii) GM tube 1
(e) 100% → 50% → 25% →12.5%
1 1
3 T 2 = 3 x 5.27
1
= 15.81 tahun
12