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The sample size of 400 as determined using Slovin’s formula from a population of
369,222 people.
Formula:
n = 369,222/ 1 + [(369,222)(0.052)]
n = 369,222/924.055
n = 399.56 or 400
where:
n = sample Size
N = population
e = margin of Error
Stratified random sampling technique was used in this study. It ensures an equal
representation of each identified strata. The total population is divided into strata. Individuals
to be included in the sample are then selected from these strata. They are grouped
Table 2
Balite 9,983 11
Burgos 44,100 48
Geronimo 5,554 6
Macabud 9,707 11
Manggahan 13,913 15
Mascap 4,699 5
Puray 3,921 4
Rosario 7,244 8
Description of Respondents
The respondents of the study were 400 individual customers of convenience stores
from 11 barangays in Rodriguez, Rizal. The respondents were appropriate in the study
because they are currently expanding their knowledge and experience about convenience
stores. Since they reside in rural area, they don’t usually have convenience store located
nearby to their specific location compared to urban areas where convenience stores are
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 59
located close to each other that residents in urban area have great knowledge and
Research Instrument
The questionnaire was the main source of information for the assessment of the
respondents on the benefits of convenience stores to Rodriguez, Rizal. It was relevant that
The self-prepared questionnaire was divided into two parts. Part 1 presented the
profile of the respondents such as age, sex, frequency of going, purpose, commonly bought
items and amount spent. Part 2 consists of questions that were intended to assess the
The questionnaire was validated by an expert. Validation was done to check the
colleague, the researchers had Mr. Ayrton G. Rubio, CPA to validate and if necessary, make
changes to the research instrument. Mr. Ayrton G. Rubio, CPA is a graduate of Bachelor of
accounting assistant at Metrobank, Makati. Metrobank is the second largest bank in the
Data-Gathering Procedure
The primary data that was used in the research were from the customers of
the researchers. The researchers expected that they are the appropriate respondents of this
study because they fit the profile of the target respondents and they can clearly described
the benefits of convenience stores to Rodriguez, Rizal they experiences. In order for the
researcher to conduct the survey, the researcher first asked the customer if he/she is
currently buying or going to convenience store in their barangay. If yes, he/she was entitled
as a part of the population of the study. It takes a little time for them to decide whether to
answer the questionnaire or not. The researchers went to different convenience stores and
nearby residences in Rodriguez, Rizal to conduct the survey through personal interaction
with the respondents and giving of questionnaires. The survey was conducted in the month
of August 2018.
The researchers also used secondary data from the National Statistics Office (NSO)
of the Philippines to identify the population of residence that was used to identify the sample
size for the study. Technical manuals and hand-outs, online books and other related
materials were likewise scrutinized prior to the preparation of the research output.
The data collected in this study were organized and classified based on the research
design and problems formulated. The formulas used in this study was validated by a
statistician. The data were coded, tallied and tabulated using the Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences (SPSS) to facilitate the presentation and interpretation of the results using
the following:
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 61
The percentage and frequency distributions were used to classify the respondents
according to personal background variables such as age and sex. The frequency also
presented the actual response of the respondents to a specific question or item in the
questionnaire. However, the percentage of that item is computed by dividing it with the
simple total number of respondents who participated in the survey. The formula used in the
% = (f/n) x 100
Where
% = percentage
f = frequency
2. Mean
It is the average of the values in the sample. The sum of all the values in a set of data is
where:
x = sample mean
3. Weighted Mean
Another statistical technique used by the researcher was the weighted mean. It was
used to determine the average responses of the different options provided in the parts of the
questionnaire used. The method was used in relation to the Likert Scale. It was solved by
the formula:
�=Σfx/n
𝒙𝒙
where:
𝑥𝑥̅ = weighted mean
Σfx = the sum of all the products of f and x, f being the frequency of each weight and x
as the weight of each operation
n = total number of the respondents
Formula:
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴
F=
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴
Where:
F = ANOVA Coefficient
MST = Mean sum of squares to treatment
MSE = Mean sum of squares due to error
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 63
SST = Σn(x-𝒙𝒙
�)2
Where:
SST = Sum of squares due to treatment
SSE = Σ(n-1)S2
Where:
SSE = sum of squares due to error
S = Standard deviation of the samples
N = Total number of observations
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 64
5. Likert Scale
most widely used scale in survey research. When responding to a Likert questionnaire
item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. The responses were
Table 3
Likert Scale
6. Cronbach’s Alpha
Cronbach’s alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a
value for alpha does not imply that the measure is unidimensional. Cronbach’s alpha can
be written as a function of the number of test items and the average inter-correlation
Below, for conceptual purposes, we show the formula for the standardized
Cronbach’s alpha:
where: