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METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses on how the study will be conducted and the research
RESEARCH METHOD
differences and similarities of normal concrete mixture from the concrete mixtures
with “pili nut shells” used as fine aggregates. Experimental method is a procedure
involving the control and manipulation of conditions for the purpose of studying the
make the concrete mixtures with “pili nut shell” and to determine the strengths of
experiment serve as the basis and support of the strengths of each concrete
sample with “pili nut shell”. Likewise, the properties of pili nut shell will be
1. Requirements Planning
The first stage of the study was searching for possible topics. The
through asking the right questions and doing a thorough data analysis of
past research. Today, the demand for sand and gravel continues to
rivers and lowers the stream bottom which may lead to bank erosion . The
arrived at the idea of replacing sand with Pili nut shells which will contribute
sand mining. The researchers collected and analyzed the past related
literature and studies. The data gathered from the studies had served as a
guide and basis for them to understand their topic better and clarify vague
points about their problem. Specifically, they took note of the problems that
previous studies. The data obtained ensured that there will be no duplication
which was considered as the formal research problem of the study. Hence,
2. Data Collection
Before using Canarium Ovatum Shell as a substitute for fine
a. Research
Pili nut shell was then conducted. Based on literature review, the
c. Focus Groups
The researchers exchange ideas through group discussions.
the topic.
3. Data Analysis
the knowledge shared by some engineers. Then the proponents are able to
class to be used in the experiment. The researchers will adapt the American
4. Construction
making concrete samples which include cement, gravel sand, water, “pili
nut shell” and the tools to be used in pulverizing the shells. Conforming to
Vertically (AASHTO M 205), the cylinder molds with a length equal to twice
the diameter in length will then be prepared for concrete pouring by coating
them with used oil to remove the molder easily. The proponents will used
moulders with six inches (6”) diameter and twelve inches (12”) in length.
The mixing procedure is crucial in the production of concrete samples in
1. Pulverized Pili nut shells that will pass through Sieve No.
adequately.
3. Tap the sides of the mold ten to fifteen (10-15) with the
4. Strike off the top with a wooden float to produce a flat, even
bag.
of vibration.
environment.
until the concrete sets up for one day. After one day, the
surface.
5.Implementation
Ovatum Shell and final testing of the concrete samples. The proponents will
determine the bulk unit weight, absorption, specific gravity and void ratio of
the shells. They will also test if the compressive strength of the samples
assess the concrete samples, the tools in the analysis of the data will be
graphing and getting points of each ratio in order for us to get the
corresponding strength using interpolation techniques. Also comparing the
properties of standard mix cylindrical concrete sample than with Pili Nut
Shell will be part of the analysis. Through the tabulation method of data
𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 (𝐏)
Stress (ᵟ) =
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 (𝐀)
mixture:
𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡
S=𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐲𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐞
𝑊𝐶𝑂𝑆
𝛾𝐶𝑂𝑆 = 𝑉𝐶𝑂𝑆
𝛾𝐶𝑂𝑆
𝐺𝑆 = 𝛾𝑤
𝑊𝑤
𝑤=𝑊
𝐶𝑂𝑆(𝑑)
𝑊𝑤 - weight of water
𝛾𝐶𝑂𝑆
𝛾𝐷𝐶𝑂𝑆 = 1+𝑤
𝐺 𝛾𝑤
𝑒 =𝛾𝑆 −1
𝐷𝐶𝑂𝑆