Advanced Quantitative Techniques in the Social Sciences VOLUMES IN THE SERIES [HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODELS: Applications and Dsta Analysis, Methods 2nd Eton Stephen W,Raudenbush and Antony 5, Bek “MULTIVARIATE ANALVSIS OF CATEGORICAL DATA: Theory Job Bran de Geer “MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF CATEGORICAL DATA: Applications John van de Geer STATISTICAL MODELS FOR ORDINAL VARIABLES ifort C. Clg and Edvard, Shitadeh FACET THEORY Form and Content Ingwer Borg and Saul Sie [ATINT CLASS AND DISCRETE LATENT TRAIT MODELS, Similar nd Differences Ten Heaen [REGRESSION MODELS FOR CATEGORICAL AND LIMITED DEPENDENT VARIABLES 1.Scot Lang LOG-LINEAR MODELS FOR EVENT HISTORIES Jeroen K.Vermunt MULTIVARIATE TAXOMETRIC PROCEDURES, Distinguishing ‘Types From Contnas Niels G. Wale aad Poul E, Mech ‘STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING: Foundations and Extensions, 2nd Eton David Keplan ‘PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS: Statistical Methods and Applications SSenjang Goo ad Mark W. rae PROPENSITY SCORE ANALYSIS Statistical Methods and Applications SHENYANG GUO University of Nort Carolina at Chapel Hit MARK W. FRASER University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ‘Advanced Quantitative Techniques ‘nthe Social Sciences Series wv) @SAGECoprigh ©2010 by SAGE Pabtons Ins A rights rere No prof hack may be rpodicel ola a ty frm, cy ary men, dtr lading photoapring crn by Sy bron toe and ter ym, th rn ig fo he erinfrmation 6 SAQE Pulses, ne SAGE Puen nia Prt i 255 Teer Rod Bult eben Coopertne ‘housed Oa, Corin 9150 India foe ‘Ea orde@sngepohcom Matha Road New ei 11004 In SAGE Peon Le SAGE Pblion Ais Pie Pe, ta "Ole nd BBPekn See 40201 5 cy Rand fea Sq Lendon ECIY 1S? ‘Sogrpore | ned Kingdom Pedi he Used uss Ameri, inary of Congres Coin Pubeion Da ,shemang Pope anti mac spe Semag i Mat W Pema quanta cigs othe elms 1) Inca bitigepil fence sad ine ISaN oe -ta.s0-6(eeh). 1, Social incest aad 2 Ana of rae Fae, Mate, 146: I. Tie naaacorrs2010 siass—aaa aeoso1ans ‘This ookls pte ae see paper @ wun w9e76s4a7 ‘tions Bos Vie Right ‘Aoweite ior Sets Coney “iri Astouee Laren ta Pru Ets Kee Wey Capp Er QUADS Pees) ed pee (ant igi ak Prete: Seat One Idee ater Fpachoe ner Deer Gena Voge Mareig Manage: Steams AS1BI99 Contents Lise of ables it of Figures Acknowledgments 1. Trodaction 111 Observational Sadie: 12 History and Development 13 Randomized Bxperiments 712.1 Faker’ Rando Esperiment 1132 Tper of Randomized Experiments and Stati Tes 13 Crue of Socal Experimentation 1.4 Why and When ropensty Score Anais Is Needed 2 Counterfctual Framework and Assumptions 21 Casa tral Validity and Thess 22 Coumericuals and the Neyman-Robin Countracual Feamewore 23 The poral Team Asgnment Assmption 24 The Sable Uni exten: Vue Assumption 25 Methods to Estimate Teament ees 251 The our Models 1252 Other loncing Methods 26 The Undatying Logi of Sasa Inference 27 Types of Teste Ect 28 Hedkma’s Beonometric Model of Causal 29 Concusone 2 Conventional Methods for Dat Blanlag 5.1 Why Is Dat Bolaclg Necesry A Heuristic Example 532 Thee Methods of Daa Balancing "321 The Ordinary Least Squares Regression a sess usaeeasa 322 Matching 32.3 Smafaon 38 Desig ofthe Data Sialaton 3.4 Ress ofthe Dat Simulation 3. implications of the Data Simulation 3. Key sues Regarding the Application of OLS Regeeion 137 Condsions 4. Sample Selection and Related Modes “61 The Sample Selection Model, 44.11 Trncaton, Cenorng, and Incidental Tneation 444.2 Why Ie inporont to Made! Sample Slcton? 413 Momons of Ideally Tunoted Bivariate ‘Neral Ditton 414 The Hock Model ands To StpEsiator 442 Tretment Bet Mode 423 Intumentl Vaal atimator 414 Oneview ofthe Stata Programs nd Main Festus of tere 45 bamples 451 Applaton of th Testa Bfoct Motel ‘0 Analysis of Orr Data 1452 Bolton of Tetent Bf From a Progr Wiha Group Randoms Deg 453 Ruming the Teme Efc Model Afr Maile Inputs of Missing Date |46 Concasons 4. Propensity Score Matching and Related Models ‘31 Overview 52 The Poblen of Dimensional and the Proper of Propensity Scores, 5.3 Bsinating Propensity Scores 3.31 Binary Lage Regresion ‘5.1.2 Sri Spay a Cart Model ‘Pricing Propensity Scans 543 Hiren ad Imbonst Mato for Spciing ‘Preicon elying om Predetermined Cit Vlues 53.4 Generlied Booted Moding SaNahing ‘S41 Grey Matching 5:42 Oprinal Matching 1543 Fine Balone ‘5 Posimatching Anais ‘551 Malariate Anal After Gedy Matching ‘5.5.2 Stratification After Greedy Moaching Sea cevesag ease 100 1065 us 4 ws Ds 2 135 2s 1 Mo 6 Me ive Ww 153 ir) 154 ie 5.53 Computing Ides of Covariates 554 Outcome hls igh Hodes imo lg ‘Rank Te or Optinal Matching 4555 Ravin Ament Bolo Semple Crate by Opin! ae Mating Ss Rasim Adusnet Uig Hae ahaa ‘Alig Rok Sees fer Optna Making 56 Popes Sore Weg 5:7 Modaing Does of Tament 5.8 Overview of the Sits ad Programs 59 Boamples 21 Greet Maching a Susu Aa of ser Retr 592 Optinal aching 59. Poul Marching Anas ig he Hoe Lehane ark Tat 5.944 PoP hing ays ang Reresion of Dice ares 495 Propo Sore Weighing 56 Maden Des of Tamed 59,7 Campari of Mads and Conon ofthe ‘Sy of fe gt of over ot Chl fate Achevoent 58:8 Capuron of Random and State's Bont Alito 5.10 Conlsons 6, Matching Estimators ‘51 Overview 152 Methods of Marching Estimators 1621 Simple Matching Estimator (622 Bias Cored Matching Exinator (£23 Variance BstimatorAsoming Homescadasticiy (624 Variance xtimator lowing for Heerscdatty £25 Lange Sample Popris and Cavection 63 Oveviw a the Sats Progam mumatch 4 Bamples| (61 Matching With Bia Cored and Rabat Veron Eximatars (642 Bf Suet Analy With Machin Eins 155 Coneusone 17, ropensty Score Anayss With Nonparametric Regression 721 Oneview 7 Metis of Propensity Sore Ansys With Nonparametric Regressions met Ldshine te 197 19 10 161 18 19 m5 19 95 195, 7 19 a2 26 2s a 9 230 26 ery 2s 5