Product Overview en PDF

Structural Analysis and Design Software
Product Overview
2015
Dlubal Software GmbH

FEA Analysis Dlubal - Product Overview 2015
F-STEEL IS
R F-STEEL Fatigue
R IN 1045-1 for RFEM
D
RFEM
Member design according Members Extension by design
to IS 800:2007 Fatigue design according to
for members DIN 1045-1:2008
F-STEEL BS
R
Member design according F-ALUMINIUM
R IA 262 for RFEM
S
Finite elements for
to BS 5950-1:2000 Member design according Extension by design
plates, walls, shells,
frame structures, solid F-STEEL GB
R to Eurocode 9 according to SIA 262:2013
and contact elements Member design according F-FE-LTB
R CI 318-11 for RFEM
A
to GB 50017-2003 Lateral torsional buckling Extension by design
F-STEEL CSA
R design according to according to ACI 318-11
Member design according FE Method
F-CONCRETE NL
R B 50010 for RFEM
G
to CSA S16-09 F-PLATE-BUCKLING
R Non-linear reinforced con Extension by design ac-
F-STEEL AS
R Plate buckling analysis of crete design according to cording to GB 50010:2010
Member design according stiffened plates according Eurocode 2*), DIN 1045*),
to AS 4100-1998 to Eurocode 3 and SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*) F-FOUNDATION Pro
R
DIN 18800 and GB 50010*) Design of single, bucket
F-STEEL NTC-DF
R and plate foundations
Member design according F-CONCRETE Deflect
R according to Eurocode 2
1.1 A
dd-on Modules to NTC-DF (2004) Analytical design of
Steel 1.2 A
dd-on Modules and Eurocode 7
surface deflections
F-STEEL SP
R Concrete according to Eurocode 2*), F-TENDON
R
Member design according DIN 1045*), SIA 262*), Defnition of tendons in
F-STEEL
R to SP 16.13330.2011 pre-stressed concrete
General stress analysis of
RF-CONCRETE ACI 318-11*) and
GB 50010*) members
surfaces and members F-STEEL SANS
R Reinforced concrete design
Member design according for plates, walls, shells and F-PUNCH
R
F-STEEL EC3
R to SANS 10162-1:2011 members according to Design of punching shear
Member design according Eurocode 2*), DIN 1045*),
RF-STEEL NBR New resistance according to
to Eurocode 3
Member design according SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*) Eurocode 2*) and
F-STEEL AISC
R to ABNT NBR 8800:2008 and GB 50010*) DIN 1045*)
Member design according F-STEEL Plastic
R *) c orresponding standard

RF-CONCRETE Columns
to ANSI/AISC 360-05 and Plastic design of extension required
Reinforced concrete design
360-10 cross-sections with model column method C2 for RFEM
E
F-STEEL SIA
R according to Eurocode 2*), Extension by design
Member design according DIN 1045*), ACI 318-11*) according to
to SIA 263:2013 and GB 50010*) Eurocode 2 incl. NAs
Frame Analysis
RSTAB LATE-BUCKLING
P
Plate buckling analysis of
stiffened plates according
B 50010 for RSTAB
G
Extension by design ac
cording to GB 50010:2010
OWER Effective
T
Lengths
Calculation of buckling
to Eurocode 3 and OUNDATION Pro
F lengths for lattice tower
Analysis and design
DIN 18800 Design of single, bucket members
of 2D and 3D © www.wernersobek.de
and plate foundations OWER Design
T
frame structures according to Eurocode 2
2.2 A
dd-on Modules Design of lattice tower
and 7
TEEL AS
S Concrete members according to
2.1 A
dd-on Modules
Steel Member design according Eurocode 3
to AS 4100-1998 ONCRETE
C 2.3 A
dd-on Modules
Reinforced concrete design Timber
TEEL
S TEEL NTC-DF
S 2.5 A
dd-on Modules
Member design according for members according to Connections
General stress analysis of IMBER Pro
T
to NTC-RCDF (2004) Eurocode 2*), DIN 1045*),
members Member design according
SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*)
TEEL EC3
S TEEL SP
S to Eurocode 5, RAME-JOINT Pro
F
and GB 50010*)
Member design according Member design according DIN 1052:2008-12 Frame joints for frames
to SP 16.13330.2011 ONCRETE Columns
C and SIA 265:2012 according to Eurocode 3
to Eurocode 3
Reinforced concrete design IMBER AWC
T and DIN 18800
TEEL AISC
S TEEL SANS
S with model column method
Member design according Member design according SS
H
Member design according according to Eurocode 2*),
to SANS 10162-1:2011 to ANSI/AWC NDS-2012 Welded hollow structural
to ANSI/AISC 360-05 and DIN 1045*), ACI 318-11*)
360-10 IMBER CSA
T section connections
TEEL NBR New
S and GB 50010*)
Member design according according to Eurocode 3
TEEL SIA
S Member design according *) c orresponding standard to CSA 086-09
Member design according to ABNT NBR 8800:2008 extension required J OINTS Steel -
to SIA 263:2013 Column Base
TEEL Plastic
S C2 for RSTAB
E 2.4 A
dd-on Modules Connections of steel
TEEL IS
S Plastic design of Extension by design accord Tower column bases according
Member design according cross-sections ing to Eurocode 2 incl. NAs to Eurocode 3
to IS 800:2007 TEEL Fatigue
S OWER Structure
T
DIN 1045-1 for RSTAB
TEEL BS
S Members Generation of lattice J OINTS Steel - Tower
Extension by design accord
Member design according Fatigue design for members tower structures Hinged connections of
ing to DIN 1045-1:2008
to BS 5950-1:2000 OWER Equipment
T lattice tower members
LUMINIUM
A IA 262 for RSTAB
S Generation of equipment according to Eurocode 3
TEEL GB
S Member design according Extension by design for communication towers
Member design according to Eurocode 9 according to SIA 262:2013 J OINTS Steel -
to GB 50017-2003 OWER Loading
T
E-LTB
F CI 318-11 for RSTAB
A DSTV New
Generation of wind, ice
TEEL CSA
S Lateral torsional buckling Extension by design and variable loads for Standardised joints in steel
Member design according design according to according to ACI 318-11 lattice towers structures according to
to CSA S16-09 FE Method Eurocode 3
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Product Overview
at www.dlubal.com
F-TENDON Design
R F-TOWER Design
R F-JOINTS Steel -
R 1.8 A
dd-on Modules
Design of pre-stressed Design of lattice tower DSTV New Others
concrete members members according to Standardised joints in steel
according to Eurocode 2 Eurocode 3 structures according to RF-DEFORM
Eurocode 3 Deformation and deflection
1.3 A
dd-on Modules 1.5 A
dd-on Modules
F-JOINTS Steel -
R analysis for members
Timber Glass
Pinned New F-MOVE
R
F-TIMBER Pro
R F-GLASS
R Pinned joints according Load case generation from
Member design according Design of planar and to Eurocode 3 moving loads on members
to Eurocode 5, curved glass surfaces F-SOILIN
R
F-JOINTS Timber -
R
DIN 1052:2008-12 F-MOVE Surfaces New
R Soil-structure interaction
and SIA 265:2012 1.6 A
dd-on Modules Steel to Timber New analysis according to
Load case generation from
Connections Indirect timber connections Eurocode 7, DIN 4019
F-TIMBER AWC
R moving loads on surfaces
according to Eurocode 5 and CSN
Member design according
to ANSI/AWC NDS-2012 F-FRAME-JOINT Pro
R F-LIMITS
R F-IMP
R F-INFLUENCE
R
Frame joints for frames Design by comparison Equivalent geometric im Determination of influence
F-TIMBER CSA
R according to Eurocode 3
Member design according of results with defined perfections and pre-de- lines and influence surfaces
and DIN 18800
to CSA 086-09 limit states formed initial structures
F-HSS
R F-MAT NL
R
for members and surfaces Consideration of non-linear
Welded hollow structural
1.4 A
dd-on Modules section connections 1.7 A
dd-on Modules F-STABILITY
R material behavior
Tower according to Eurocode 3 Dynamics Buckling modes, critical F-STAGES
R
F-JOINTS Steel -
R load factors and effective Consideration of different
F-TOWER Structure
R F-DYNAM Pro - Natural
R construction stages
Generation of lattice Column Base lengths
Connections of steel Vibrations New F-LAMINATE
R
tower structures
column bases according Analysis of natural Design of multi-layer
F-TOWER Equipment
R to Eurocode 3 vibrations surfaces
Generation of equipment
for communication towers F-JOINTS Steel - Tower
R F-LOAD-HISTORY
R
F-DYNAM Pro - Forced
R
Hinged connections of Consideration of perma-
F-TOWER Loading
R lattice tower members Vibrations New
nent (plastic) deformation
Generation of wind, ice according to Eurocode 3 Analysis of forced
of previous load states
and variable loads for vibrations
lattice towers F-COM
R
F-TOWER Effective
R F-DYNAM Pro -
R Programmable COM
Lengths Equivalent Loads New interface
Calculation of buckling Equivalent seismic loads F-LINK
R
lengths for lattice tower according to Eurocode 8 Import of IGES, STEP and
members and international standards ACIS files
© www.pirminjung.ch
Cross-Sections
© www.ib-rohmer.de
Stand-Alone Programs
X-TIMBER
R
J OINTS Steel -
YNAM Pro -
D Stand-Alone Glued-Laminated Beam
Pinned New
Pinned joints according to Equivalent Loads New Programs Glued-laminated beams according to
Equivalent seismic loads Eurocode 5 and DIN 1052:2008-12
Eurocode 3
according to Eurocode 8
J OINTS Timber - and international Stand-alone programs X-TIMBER
R
Steel to Timber New standards (no RFEM or RSTAB Continuous Beam
Indirect timber connections license required) Continuous beams according to
according to Eurocode 5 Eurocode 5 and DIN 1052:2008-12
2.7 A
dd-on Modules
IMITS
L Others 4.1 S
tand-Alone Programs X-TIMBER Purlin
R
Design by comparison Steel Purlins according to Eurocode 5
of results with defined and DIN 1052:2008-12
EFORM
D
limit states RANEWAY
C
Deformation and
Crane girder analysis X-TIMBER Column
R
deflection analysis
2.6 A
dd-on Modules according to Eurocode 3, Columns according to Eurocode 5
Dynamics SMOVE
R DIN 4132 and DIN 18800 and DIN 1052:2008-12
Load case generation
RF-PLATE-BUCKLING
from moving loads X-TIMBER Frame
R
YNAM Pro - Natural
D Plate buckling analysis of
Vibrations New SIMP
R Cross-Sections stiffened plates according 2D frames according to Eurocode 5
Equivalent geometric to Eurocode 3 and and DIN 1052:2008-12
Analysis of natural
vibrations imperfections and DIN 18800
pre-deformed initial Cross-section properties X-TIMBER Brace
R
YNAM Pro - Forced
D structures of any type of cross- Roof bracings according to
section and calculation 4.2 S
tand-Alone Programs Eurocode 5 and DIN 1052:2008-12
Vibrations New SBUCK
R of stresses and design Composite
Analysis of forced Effective lengths, X-TIMBER Roof
R
vibrations buckling loads, 3.1 T
hin-Walled OMPOSITE-BEAM
C Rafters according to Eurocode 5
bifurcation load factors Cross-Sections Composite beam design and DIN 1052:2008-12
UPER-RC
S according to
Superimposing results HAPE-THIN
S DIN V ENV 1994-1-1
of different structures Cross-section properties
(construction phases) and stress analysis
4.3 S
tand-Alone Programs
TAGES
S 3.2 S
olid Timber
Consideration of different Cross-Sections
construction stages X-TIMBER Package
R
S-COM
R HAPE-MASSIVE
S Analysis Package with
Programmable COM Cross-section properties, RX-TIMBER Glued-Laminated
interface stress analysis and Beam/Continuous Beam/
© www.ib-rohmer.de reinforced concrete design Column
Dlubal Software GmbH Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0 www.dlubal.com

Am Zellweg 2 Fax: +49 9673 9203-51 info@dlubal.com
D-93464 Tiefenbach
2015
Program Overview
FEA Analysis Page
Main Programs and

Add-on Modules
Dlubal software is based on a modular system. There 1. Main Program RFEM 6
are two main program families: RFEM and RSTAB. 1.1 Add-on Modules - Steel RF-STEEL 10/12
Each family is made up of the main program RF-STEEL EC3 13
and its add-on modules. These modules RF-STEEL AISC 15
are either integrated into the main RF-STEEL SIA 16
RF-STEEL IS 17
program or, in a few cases, run as
RF-STEEL BS 18
independent programs. Integrated
RF-STEEL GB 19
modules only run with the corres-
RF-STEEL CSA 20
ponding main program. Each main
RF-STEEL AS 21
program provides the basis for RF-STEEL NTC-DF 22
defining the structure, loads and load RF-STEEL SP 23
combinations. By the project’s completion, RF-STEEL SANS 24
the program shows deformations, internal RF-STEEL NBR New 25
and support forces. Materials can be freely defined RF-STEEL Plastic 26
in both main programs. Models of RFEM and RSTAB RF-STEEL Fatigue Members 27
can be opened in both programs. In RFEM, for examp- RF-ALUMINIUM 28
le, you can open a framework structure from RSTAB to RF-FE-LTB 29
model additional surface elements. RF-PLATE-BUCKLING 30
The add-on modules either facilitate the data input by 1.2 Add-on Modules - Concrete RF-CONCRETE 31/33
an automated creation of structures, loads and load RF-CONCRETE Columns 34
combinations or carry out further analyses and designs. RF-PUNCH 35
RF-FOUNDATION Pro 36
RF-MOVE and RF-IMP, add-on modules of the RFEM
RF-TENDON 37
program, represent the modular approach for genera-
RF-TENDON Design 37
ting input data. RF-DYNAM is a module that can be
1.3 Add-on Modules - Timber RF-TIMBER Pro 39
used for further dynamic analyses. RF-/STEEL,
RF-TIMBER AWC 41
RF-/TIMBER Pro or RF-/CONCRETE are typical modules RF-TIMBER CSA 42
for designing materials according to various construc- 1.4 Add-on Modules - Tower RF-TOWER Structure 43
tion standards. The modular approach allows you to RF-TOWER Equipment 44
combine the main programs individually with the mo- RF-TOWER Loading 44
dules required for your structural projects. Upgrades at RF-TOWER Effective Lengths 45
a later date are always possible. This booklet describes RF-TOWER Design 45
the modules in detail. In addition, almost every modu- 1.5 Add-on Modules - Glass RF-GLASS 46
le can be tested as a trial version provided with your 1.6 Add-on Modules - Connections RF-FRAME-JOINT Pro 47
Dlubal program DVD. RF-HSS 49
RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base 50
For further information RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower 50
and current events, RF-JOINTS Steel - DSTV New 51
see our website RF-JOINTS Steel - Pinned New 52
www.dlubal.com. RF-JOINTS Timber - Steel to Timber New 53
RF-LIMITS 54
1.7 Add-on Modules - Dynamics RF-DYNAM Pro - Natural Vibrations New 55
RF-DYNAM Pro - Forced Vibrations New 56
RF-DYNAM Pro - Equivalent Loads New 57
1.8 Add-on Modules - Others RF-DEFORM 58
RF-MOVE 59
RF-MOVE Surfaces New 60
RF-IMP 61
RF-STABILITY 62
RF-SOILIN 63
RF-INFLUENCE 64
RF-STAGES 65
RF-LAMINATE 66
RF-LOAD-HISTORY 67
RF-COM 68
RF-LINK 69
Download the current Product Overview

at www.dlubal.com
Product Overview
Content
Cross-Sections
Frame Analysis Page
Cross-Sections Page
2. Main Program RSTAB 70 3.1 Thin-Walled Cross-Sections SHAPE-THIN 76

2.1 Add-on Modules - Steel STEEL 10 3.2 Solid Cross-Sections SHAPE-MASSIVE 78
STEEL EC3 13
STEEL AISC 15
STEEL SIA 16
STEEL IS 17
STEEL BS 18
STEEL GB 19
STEEL CSA 20
STEEL AS 21

STEEL NTC-DF 22
STEEL SP 23
Stand-Alone Programs Page
STEEL SANS 24
STEEL NBR New 25
Stand-Alone Programs

STEEL Plastic 26
STEEL Fatigue Members 27
4.1 Stand-Alone Programs - Steel CRANEWAY 79
ALUMINIUM 28
PLATE-BUCKLING 30
FE-LTB 29
PLATE-BUCKLING 30
2.2 Add-on Modules - Concrete CONCRETE 31 4.2 Stand-Alone Programs - Composite COMPOSITE-BEAM 80
CONCRETE Columns 34
FOUNDATION Pro 36 4.3 Stand-Alone Programs - Timber RX-TIMBER
2.3 Add-on Modules - Timber TIMBER Pro 39 Glued-Laminated Beam 81
TIMBER AWC 41 RX-TIMBER
Continuous Beam 81
TIMBER CSA 42
RX-TIMBER Purlin 81
2.4 Add-on Modules - Tower TOWER Structure 43
RX-TIMBER Column 82
TOWER Equipment 44
RX-TIMBER Frame 82
TOWER Loading 44
RX-TIMBER Brace 82
TOWER Effective Lengths 45
RX-TIMBER Roof 82
TOWER Design 45
2.5 Add-on Modules - Connections FRAME-JOINT Pro 47
HSS 49
JOINTS Steel - Column Base 50
JOINTS Steel - Tower 50
JOINTS Steel - DSTV New 51
JOINTS Steel - Pinned New 52
JOINTS Timber -
Steel to Timber New 53
LIMITS 54
2.6 Add-on Modules - Dynamics DYNAM Pro -
Natural Vibrations New 55
DYNAM Pro -
Forced Vibrations New 56
DYNAM Pro -
Equivalent Loads New 57
2.7 Add-on Modules - Others DEFORM 58
RSMOVE 59
RSIMP 73
RSBUCK 74
SUPER-RC 75
STAGES 65
RS-COM 68

at www.dlubal.com
RFEM 5
Main Program
FEA Analysis
FEA Analysis for Plates, Walls, Shells, Solids

and Frameworks
RFEM is used to define structural sys-

tems, materials and actions of planar
and spatial constructions consisting
of plates, walls, shells and members.
Furthermore, RFEM determines defor-
mations, internal and support forces
as well as soil contact stresses accor-
ding to the FE method. Creating
combined structures as well as mo-
deling solid and contact elements is
also possible.
Due to the use of multi-core proces
sor and 64-bit technology, efficiency
of calculation algorithms is especially
emphasized.
RFEM user interface with navigator, graphic and table (© www.ibehlenz.de)
Convert Nodal Load to Surface Load Together with its user-friendly and in- sents the perfect tool for a smooth
tuitive graphical user interface, RFEM interaction between CAD and struc-
RFEM is the appropriate program to stands out for its clear program tural analysis in Building Information
Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com
use when you want to determine in- structure. All functions and add-on Modeling (BIM).
ternal forces or stresses in thin-walled
modules can be accessed directly Furthermore, it is possible to switch
or solid structures. For reinforced con-
from one main menu. Thus, program languages: you can work with a
crete design, common structural com-
handling is easy allowing you to German, English, Czech, Italian,
ponents like flat slabs supported by
work efficiently and quickly. RFEM Spanish, French, Portuguese, Polish
columns as well as special construc-
tions like cooling towers consisting of offering numerous interfaces repre- or Russian user interface.
shells with rotational symmetry can Graphical results display of a model‘s substructure
be analyzed by the program, even in
combination with members.
In steel design, RFEM analyzes frame
work structures as well as connec-
tions modeled in detail such as com-
plex frame joints or connections for
columns on tanks.
Basically, RFEM has been conceived
as a software for structural engineer
ing but can also be used in other
fields like mechanical engineering,
plant construction or glass design.
The modular structure of the RFEM
program family allows you to cus
tomize the software according to
your individual needs. Various addi
tional modules are available for
design and structural analysis.
6
Graphical User Interface

 Structure creation in CAD-like envi-
ronment or by table input
 Interface design can be modified
and set in nine different styles
 Free configuration of menus and
toolbars, customizable arrangement
of tables, navigators and toolbars,
Configuration Manager for saving
user-defined settings
 Immediate check of input by means
of photo-realistic model visualiza- Generation of torispherical and vaulted heads, with or without loads
tion in 3D rendering
 Display control of objects  Surface modeling using preset sur S
ets of members for easier load
 Model dimensioning using lines, face types like standard, ortho application on several members
arcs, angles, inclinations or height tropic, glass, laminate, rigid, memb- C
onversion of nodal and line loads
indications rane into area loads
 Free definition of guidelines,  Selection of material models: isotro- S
urface division into surface com-
sections and comments for pic, isotropic plastic - 2D/3D, plastic ponents and member division into
comfortable input and evaluation - 1D, orthotropic - 2D/3D, transver- surfaces
 Global dialog box controlling units sal isotropic - 3D, temperature, Tsai-
 L oad generators for frameworks to
for input data, loading and results Wu - 2D/3D and masonry - 2D
create wind, snow and coating loads
of RFEM and all add-on modules  Specification of non-linearities for according to Eurocode and DIN
Modeling member end releases (yielding, te-
 L oad case creation depending on
 Comprehensive cross-section and aring, slippage, friction etc.) and roof shape
material libraries supports
S
aving recurring load case and
 Import of special cross-sections from  Determination of spring stiffnesses
result combinations as schemes
SHAPE-THIN and SHAPE-MASSIVE of columns and walls based on
geometric specifications O
ption to renumber structural
 Object snap, user-defined input objects subsequently
grids and guidelines for easy  Eccentric arrangement of members,
graphical input elastic foundation or definition as R
eferring imperfections to members
 Import of DXF files as wireframe rigid connection and continuous members
display model or provided as layer  Eccentricities available also for sur- M
ember extension or graphical
for specific use of snap points faces member division
 Generating tools for input of para-
Generation of wind loads according to EN 1991-1-4
metric models such as frames, halls,
trusses, spiral stairways, arcs, roofs
 Various possibilities to create load
cases and loading from weight,
snow, wind FEA Analysis
 Parameterizable data input and
guideline technique for efficient
editing of recurring structural
systems
 Zooming, rotating and moving
structures to switch viewing
direction and work plane directly as
well as setting of appropriate views
 Partial views for clearer data
overview of structure
 Transparent representation of
inactive objects
 Input in 2D or 3D model
 Easy definition of member proper-
ties due to default types like truss
girder or tension member
7
Results and Printout
FEA Analysis
C
olored representation of positive
and negative internal forces in
results tables and their relation
to extreme values
Q
uick detection of governing
design locations due to display
of design ratios in results tables
of design modules
pecific evaluation of results due to
S
free configuration of result diagrams
for members, surfaces and supports
where you can define smoothing
ranges with average values or hide
and display result diagrams as
required
T
ransfer of diagrams into printout
Equivalent stresses for solid
report
S
tructure check to correct input er-  Incremental application of loads C
olored graphic display of results
rors like identical nodes or members (useful for calculations according to on rendered model
C
onnecting intersecting members large deformation analysis)
 F ree setting of colors for range of
automatically during data input  Considering shear deformations for values in control panel
M
easuring lengths and angles of members and referring internal forces
to deformed or undeformed system C
omputer animation of defor
members and surfaces
mations, surface stresses as well as
V
arious load types for member and  Performance of post-critical analysis
internal forces and saving as video
surface loads (force, moment, tem- O
ptimized FE mesh generator and
 F irst results table showing results
perature, precamber etc.) support of multi-core processor
overview summarizing equilibrium
A
ssignment of member loads to as well as 64-bit technology of forces in system and maximum
members, sets of members or P
arallel calculation of linear load deformations, presenting informati-
member lists cases and load combinations due on about calculation process
D
etermination of inclination and to several processors without  F urther results tables sorted by par-
precamber for imperfections ac additional memory utilization ticular criteria like extreme values or
cording to Eurocode and DIN because of unique generation design locations
 Editing structures in rendering of stiffness matrix
O
ption to print model, loading and
 F unction „Regenerate Structure“ to P
ossibility to follow development results as mail merge including gra-
correct minor deviations of node of deformation during calculation phics from different directions to
coordinates to evaluate convergence behavior be defined
R
eduction of singularities with
Internal forces of selected surfaces of a bridge construction with sections (© www.elu.se)
round or angled surface corners
Calculation
C
alculation of all member types and
surfaces for load cases as well as
result combinations according to
linear static, second-order or large
deformation analysis
 Individual setting of calculation
parameters for load cases, load
and result combinations
A
utomatic creation of load and
result combinations according to
Eurocode, DIN etc. in accordance
with respective combination rules
C
opying, adding and recreating
load cases
8
 Output in German, English, French,

Spanish, Italian, Czech, Slovak,
Hungarian, Polish, Dutch,
Portuguese and Russian
 Creation of more languages possible
 RTF import of additional texts
 Option to configure paging, for
example for prefixes
 Report export in RTF or PDF
 Adjusting printout extent with
various selection criteria
 Creating templates from existing
reports for cross-project use
 Application of title boxes for
graphical print presentations
Project Manager
P roject management of all Dlubal Result diagrams of sections with smooth range
programs in one central place due

to network-compatibility
Interfaces
 Organization of projects from dif-
ferent RSTAB/RFEM versions and D
irect interfaces with Tekla Struc
SHAPE-THIN, SHAPE-MASSIVE, RX- tures, Autodesk Revit Structure,
TIMBER Autodesk AutoCAD and Autodesk
 Results deletion in Project Manager Structural Detailing (reinforcement
before archiving and without file transfer)
opening
E
xchange with many programs
 File management of subprojects via integrated interfaces: STP, DXF,
 Display of model information such IFC, SDNF, GEO, FEM, CFE, ASF, ESF, File formats for data export
as date of creation and recent background layers, VCmaster
modifications, user name, size
and structure weight E
xport from and import to MS Excel O
ption to define rules for materials
and OpenOffice.org Calc for each and cross-sections by user-defined
 Integrated recycle bin to avoid
input and output table or for all conversion files (except for
irrecoverable deletion
tables of model MS Excel, OOo Calc, CSV)
 Archiving projects with backup of
related files contained in project R
TF interface for additional printout P
lausibility checks after import
folder report editing including graphics in or before export
 Data compression in ZIP format MS Office E
xport of specifically selected
objects
Preview in printout report with automated graphics
D
efinition of Z-axis direction for
data exchange
FEA Analysis
 Mirroring and resetting coordinates
P
ossibility to open files of frame
work program RSTAB directly in
RFEM to add surface elements
P
rogrammable COM interface for
customer input macros or post-
processing programs (add-on
module RF-COM)
 Interfaces IGES, STEP and ACIS
(add-on module RF-LINK)
9
RF-/STEEL
General Stress Designs for Members
Steel
RF-/STEEL is one of the add-on

modules integrated into RSTAB.
It performs general stress analy-
ses for members according to EN
1993, DIN 18800 and other stand-
ards based on the principle of
comparing existing stresses with
limiting stresses.
In case that internal forces are deter-
mined according to the second-order
analysis including the application of
imperfections, you can carry out the
stability analysis (DIN 18800) also in
the RF-/STEEL module.
Features
 Import of materials, cross-sections
and internal forces from RSTAB or
RFEM
D
esign of all thin-walled cross-sections
including SHAPE-THIN sections
Graphical representation of stress ratio for a steel hall
D
etermination of maximum stresses
of sets of members Input Members and sets of members can
 F lexible design in different design To make the data input easier, the be arranged in groups for different
cases members, sets of members, materials design cases. In this way you can, for
 Graphic of stress points and cross-sections already defined in example, combine groups of structu
G
raphic of stresses and stress ratios RSTAB/RFEM are preset. Thus, the input ral components or define particular
on the cross-section and in the required for the analysis is minimized. design specifications for them (limit
RSTAB/RFEM model In many situations, you can use the stresses, partial safety factors, opti-
pick function offered by the program mization).
D
etermination of governing inter-
nal forces to select objects graphically. Further You can specify comprehensive detail
more, you have access to the global settings for the design in a separate
 F ilter options for graphical results in
material and cross-section libraries. dialog box.
RSTAB/RFEM
G
raphic display for stresses and Maximum stresses arranged by cross-sections
stress ratios in the rendered view
 Color scales in the results tables
C
onnection between tables and
RSTAB/RFEM work window when
selecting the current member
graphically
V
iew mode for modifying the view
in the work window
O
ption for optimizing rolled and
welded cross-sections
T
ransfer of optimized cross-sections
to RSTAB/RFEM
 Parts list and quantity surveying
 Data export to MS Excel
10
Design
For every stress point, it is possible
to determine the normal, the shear
and the equivalent stresses to com-
pare them with the allowable stress-
es. When analyzing superimposed in- Design details
ternal forces of load combinations,
you can select between two calcula- assignment of colors and corres-
tion options. ponding values can be adjusted.
Stress ratios in the 3D rendering
The diagrams for result distribution
on the member or set of members al-
Results
low for a specific evaluation.
After the design‘s completion, the For every designed location on the
maximum stresses and stress ratios member, you can open a dialog box
are displayed in results tables accord- to check the relevant cross-section
ing to cross-sections, members and properties and stress components
sets of members. In addition, the for every stress point. The respective
stress curve on the cross-section is graphic can be printed including all
displayed graphically. Furthermore, design details.
the stress components can be shown
Design details for every internal force individually.
The factors for determining equiva- For detailed analyses (for example fa-
lent stresses are considered accord- tigue design), stresses are available
ing to the user‘s specifications. for every stress point. Optionally, the
RF-/STEEL calculates the stress ra- maximum difference of the normal
tios for every stress component dur- stresses σDelta is displayed.
ing the design. The governing inter- The stress ratio is represented by dif-
nal forces will be related to the type ferent colors in the RSTAB/RFEM
of stress selected by the user. model so that oversized or crucial ar-
The design is completed by determin- eas of the structure can be recog-
ing the masses. nized immediately. If necessary, the Optimization parameters of an I-section
Cross-section Optimization
The automatic optimization of cross-
sections is a special RF-/STEEL feature.
The module determines the cross-
section of the specified cross-sec-
tion table that fulfils the analysis re-
quirements in the most optimal way,
i.e. comes as close as possible to the
maximum stress ratio of 1.00. The
Steel
optimization is also available for the
parameterized cross-section tables as
well as for tapered members.
If required, the optimized cross-sec-
tions can be transferred to RSTAB/
RFEM to calculate the internal forc-
es again.
Detailed representation of stresses on the cross-section
11
RF-STEEL
General Stress Designs for Members and Surfaces
Steel
The add-on module RF-STEEL used

for general stress designs with the
main program RFEM consists of
two parts: RF-STEEL Surfaces allows
for the design of surface and shell
elements. RF-STEEL Members is
used for the design of member ele-
ments. The stress design for mem-
bers has already been described
for STEEL.
By comparing existing stresses with
limit stresses, it is possible to design
also structural parts made from other
materials than steel.
Features
 Integration in RFEM with import of
all required structural information
and internal forces Display of stresses sorted by surfaces
D
esign and analysis of almost any
modeled structural parts you want to design and to check the The results tables and graphics can
preset material properties and sur- be integrated into the printout re-
D
etermination of the following
face data. port. In this way a clearly arranged
stresses including stress ratios:
documentation is guaranteed.
- normal stresses The limit stresses can be taken from
- shear stresses Due to various combination possibili-
a comprehensive library, but they can
- equivalent stresses according to ties of surface and member elements
also be modified manually or freely
von Mises, Tresca, Rankine or Bach in RFEM and the option to analyze
defined. New material properties can
them separately in both RF-STEEL
O
ptional output of membrane be stored in the library for later use
add-on modules, crucial areas like
stresses only due to axial loading in other design cases.
frame joints can be modeled and
T
ransversal shear stresses in neu- Subsequent to the design, all stresses designed as surface elements. The re-
tral axes of surfaces according to and stress ratios are available for nu- maining structure can be designed by
Kirchhoff, Mindlin or user-defined merical and graphical evaluation. member analyses.
specifications
Equivalent stresses of base plate with surface-related extreme values
 Serviceability limit state design
O
ption to use different material or
element properties as basis for op-
timizations
N
umerical results output displayed
in user-defined grid with colored re-
lation scales
G
raphical design results displayed
on RFEM model with various filter
options
V
in the RFEM work window
The input data required is reduced
to a minimum. You only have to se-
lect the surfaces and load cases that
12
RF-/STEEL EC3
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design, Stability Analysis and Fire Resistance
Design According

to Eurocode 3
The add-on module RF-/STEEL EC3
for RSTAB/RFEM performs the
cross-section design, the stability
analysis, the deformation analysis,
and the fire resistance design for
members and sets of members
according to
 EN 1993-1-1
 EN 1993-1-2
 EN 1993-1-4
 EN 1993-1-5.
Program Features
 21 National Annexes
 Analysis of load cases, load combi-
nations, and result combinations
 Design of any cross-section speci-
fied in Eurocode 3
Graphical representation of design results of RF-STEEL EC3 in RFEM
 Cross-section classification, auto-
matically or manually
G
raphical representation of design to EN 1993-1-1:2010-12, clause 5.5.2
 Determination of effective cross-
ratio in RSTAB/RFEM for design but can be defined also manually.
section properties for sections of
cross-section class 4 groups (e.g. cross-section designs, The effective length factors required
stability analyses) for the stability analyses are manually
 Cross-section designs for all cross-
D
etailed results filterable by design defined. A dialog box showing the
section classes including plastic
ratio Euler buckling modes is additionally
interaction checks
offered.
 Tension analyses with input option
Country-specific Furthermore, it is possible to import
for net cross-section
Arrangements the effective length factors from the
S
tability analysis acc. to EN 1993-1-1, stability analyses performed with
The National Annexes of many coun-
clauses 6.3.1 – 6.3.4 RSBUCK/RF-STABILITY.
tries are already integrated. You can
V
arious intermediate lateral always adjust the preset parameters
restraints used for stabilization Cross-section Designs
or create a new National Annex that
 Input of rotational restraint and The designs required by EN 1993-1-1
can be saved in a library.
shear panel acc. to EN 1993-1-3 are performed depending on the
Input cross-section class. The elastic design
V
isualization of nodal supports
for set of members design acc. The members, sets of members, ma- considers, if applicable, effective
to general method terials (also stainless steel) and cross- cross-section values for local plate
sections are imported from RSTAB/ buckling of the cross-section class 4
D
esign extended by transverse
RFEM. The most efficient design according to EN 1993-1-5. For the
bending for general method
method conforming to standards plastic interaction designs of the
E
igenvalue resolver integrated to is preset in the program. cross-section classes 1 and 2 the
determine critical loads
Steel
The design situations according to program performs, in addition to

 Cross-section optimization EN 1990 are available for the ultimate the linear interaction, the interaction
 F ire resistance design considering limit state as well as the serviceability
Graphical representation of mode shape
protective coatings or encasements limit state designs.
D
esign of longitudinal welds for The cross-section classes 1 to 4 are
welded cross-sections automatically determined according
13
checks according to clause 6.2.9.
Steel
Moreover, for the tension analysis

you can define net cross-sectional
areas for the member start and end
in order to take account of holes for
connecting elements.
Stability
The stability analyses for buckling
around the y- and x-axis as well as
for lateral torsional buckling is car-
ried out for each member.
For the lateral-torsional buckling
analysis the add-on module deter
mines the critical moment Mcr for
members and sets of members con
Input of nodal supports with visualization
sidering load application, distribution
of moments, intermediate supports
and stabilization options like the ro- perature-time curve, the external fire Results Output and Report
tational restraint and the shear panel curve and the hydrocarbon curve.
All results are clearly represented in
by means of an integrated resolver It is also possible to define the final results tables that are sorted by load
for eigenvalues. temperature manually. Furthermore, cases, cross-sections, members, sets
It is possible to consider load combi you can specify protective coatings of members or x-locations.
nations as well as result combina and encasements in the add-on
The number of result rows can be
tions. The entered boundary condi module.
reduced effectively in the tables and
tions of a set of members, which are
the printout report by using filters
used by the eigenvalue resolver, can Serviceability (design ratio).
be checked graphically in the add-on
module. The limit values of the deformations When you select a particular result
for the serviceability limit state design row, detailed design information
Fire Resistance can be defined in the settings of the about the performed designs is
National Annex. available.
The design for the case of fire is car
ried out according to EN 1993-1-2. RF-/STEEL EC3 uses the member’s or The design ratios can be checked
Several methods can be selected for member set’s reference length that is graphically in the work window of
the design performance. either entered manually or calculated RSTAB/RFEM or in a separate window
showing the result diagrams. Parts
The temperature of gases can be by the program. Optionally, a pre-
lists available for individual cross-
determined for the standard tem- camber is considered.
section types and sorted by members
Design results sorted by cross-section displayed in tables
or sets of members complete the
detailed and clearly arranged results
representation.
All material and cross-section pro

perties, design internal forces and
factors are clearly documented in
the global printout report of RSTAB/
RFEM.
14
RF-/STEEL AISC
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design According to ANSI/AISC 360-05
and 360-10 (US Standard)

The add-on module can be used for
RSTAB and RFEM and is based on
the US standard Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings released
by the American Institute of Steel
Construction (AISC). RF-/STEEL AISC
performs the ultimate limit state
design, the stability as well as the
deformation analysis for members
and sets of members according to
the two design methods mentioned
in ANSI/AISC 360-05 and 360-10:
 Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

 L oad Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
Standard-specific libraries facilitate
the design challenge: Selection of members, sets of members, loads and design method
 Material library according to ASTM

C
ross-section classification: com- When entering design relevant data,
C
ross-section library according to
pact, noncompact, slender you decide if you want to use the
AISC and CAN/CSA S16-01
 Cross-section optimization ASD or the LRFD method. It is also
S
erviceability limit state design by possible to adjust the intermediate
checking the deformation lateral supports, the effective lengths
D
esigns for rolled and welded I-, C- and further design parameters such
and T-sections, angles, rectangular as the modification factor Cb or the
hollow sections and pipes, round shear lag factor U.
bars and combined L-sections Subsequent to the calculation, the
 Metric and imperial units maximum design criteria of each ac-
D
etailed results documentation tion are displayed. In addition, the
with reference to decisive equations program shows all intermediate re-
O
utput of member slenderness and sults of the various design locations
governing internal forces on the member.
 F ilter options for results in tables All module data is documented in
and graphic the global RSTAB or RFEM printout
Library for US materials
 Parts list report.
Features
Detailed results output for every designed member
D
esign for tension and compres-
sion, bending and shear, combined
actions and torsion
S
tability analysis for buckling, tor-
sional buckling and lateral torsion-
al buckling
 Integrated eigenvalue analysis to
Steel
determine the buckling load and

the ideal critical moment for lateral
torsional buckling, or analytical so-
lution for standardized conditions
S
pecification of lateral member
supports
15
RF-/STEEL SIA
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design According to SIA 263:2013
Steel
(Swiss Standard)
The add-on module RF-/STEEL SIA
for RSTAB and RFEM is used to car-
ry out the ultimate and serviceabi
lity limit state design according to
the Swiss standard SIA 263:2013.
You can design members as well
as sets of members.
Selection of members, sets of members and load cases for the design
Details for stability analysis

The RSTAB/RFEM library already In the program’s background, a spe-
contains materials according to cial FEA tool determines the buckling
Features
SA EN 1993-1-1. In addition, RSTAB loads and moments that are required
D
esign for tension, compression,
and RFEM allow for an automatic cre- for the stability analysis.
bending, shear and combined actions
ation of relevant load combinations in The results tables show the maximum
S
tability analysis for buckling, tor- accordance with SIA 260. design ratios including correspond-
sional buckling and lateral buckling
In the first table of the add-on mod- ing designs for each designed ac-
D
etermination of critical buckling ule RF-/STEEL SIA you select all load tion. All detailed results are displayed
loads and of critical moment for cases, groups and combinations that in extendable tree menus according
lateral torsional buckling by means to specific subjects. Furthermore, it is
you want to design. If required, you
of integrated FEA program (eigen- possible to display the intermediate
can adjust the preset parameters
value analysis) for general load ap- results for each member location.
for the lateral intermediate supports
plications and support conditions
and the effective lengths. For sets of The complete module data is part
O
ption for discrete, lateral beam members, it is possible to define indi- of the printout report of RSTAB or
supports vidual supports with eccentricities on RFEM. You can select the results that
 Cross-section classification each member node. you want to include in the output.
 Analysis of deformations
Maximum design ratios of every cross-section
 Cross-section optimization
D
esigns for rolled and parameter-
ized I-, C- and T-sections, angles,
rectangular hollow sections, pipes,
round bars and double angles
 Import option for buckling lengths
from RSBUCK or RF-STABILITY
C
omprehensive results documenta-
tion with references to the stand-
ard’s results equations used in the
calculation
O
utput of member slenderness and
governing internal forces
 Parts list
16
RF-/STEEL IS
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design According to IS 800:2007
(Indian Standard)

The Indian standard General Con
struction in Steel released by the
Bureau of Indian Standards repre-
sents the basis of this RSTAB/RFEM
add-on module. RF-/STEEL IS per-
forms the ultimate limit state de-
sign and the deformation analysis
for members and sets of members.
Standard-specific libraries facilitate
the design challenge:
M
aterial library according to
IS 800:2007
C
ross-section library for rolled
cross-sections according to
IS 808:1989
Degrees of freedom and eccentricities of nodal supports in sets of members
S
tability analysis for buckling and cross-sections into the classes 1 to 4.
lateral torsional buckling The maximum b/t and d/t ratios are
 Parts list determined according to table 2.
The members, sets of members, ma- When analyzing the data, the pro-
terials and cross-sections defined gram compares the actions’ design
in RSTAB/RFEM are already preset. values with the design values of the
When you have selected the relevant maximum resistance. When apply-
actions, you can add lateral interme- ing bending and compression to the
Library of Indian rolled cross-sections
diate supports and specify effective structural components at the same
Features lengths for buckling and lateral tor- time, interactions will be considered
D
esign for tension, compression, sional buckling to adjust the input to by the design.
bending, shear and combined ac- the real situation. For sets of mem- All results are clearly represented in
tions bers, it is possible to define individual results tables, arranged according to
supports with eccentricities on each load cases, cross-sections, members,
S
tability analysis for buckling and
member node. sets of members and x-locations.
lateral torsional buckling
In accordance with IS 800:2007, sec- When you click into a result row, de-
 Integrated eigenvalue analysis to
tion 3.7, RF-/STEEL IS divides the tailed design information is available.
determine the critical buckling
loads and the ideal critical moment Member analysis with detailed results
for lateral torsional buckling
S
pecification of lateral member
supports
C
ross-section classification with de-
sign for classes 1 to 3
S
erviceability limit state design by
Steel
checking the deformation

D
esigns for rolled and welded I-, C-
and T-sections, angles, rectangular
hollow sections and pipes, round
bars and double angles
17
RF-/STEEL BS
Design of Steel Members According to BS 5950-1:2000 (British Standard)
Steel
or BS EN 1993-1-1
Features
D
bending, shear and combined inter-
nal forces
S
tability analysis for flexural buck-
ling and lateral torsional buckling
A
utomatic determination of critical
buckling loads and critical moment
for lateral torsional buckling for
general load applications and sup-
port conditions, by means of a spe-
cial FEA program (eigenvalue analy-
sis) integrated in the module
O
ption to apply a discrete lateral
support for beams
A
utomatic cross-section classifica-
tion Input of general data
A
nalysis of deformations (service-
Working with RF-/STEEL BS bers are used, you can define individ-
ability) ual support conditions and eccentrici-
The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM for
 Cross-section optimization material, loads and load combina- ties for each intermediate node.
 L arge selection of cross-sections, tions must be entered in accordance Results Output
for example rolled I- and C-sections, with the design concept described in The first results table shows the max-
BS 5950 (or Eurocode). The RSTAB/ imum design ratio with the corre-
rectangular hollow sections, angle
RFEM library already contains appro- sponding analysis for each load case,
irons and double angle sections
priate materials. RSTAB and RFEM al- group or combination that has been
(flange to flange), T-sections, weld- low you to create adequate load designed. The complete module data
ed I-sections (symmetrical and un- combinations automatically. The pre- is part of the printout report. The re-
symmetrical about the strong settings for lateral intermediate support contents and the extent of the
axis), welded C-sections (symmetri- ports and effective lengths can be output can be selected specifically for
cal about the strong axis), welded adjusted. In case continuous mem- the individual designs.
rectangular hollow sections and Results graphic with design ratio
angle irons, round sections and
round bars
 Clearly arranged results tables
D
etailed results documentation
with reference to design equations
used and described in the standard
V
arious options to filter and arrange
results, including results listed by
member, cross-section, x-location or
load cases, groups and combina-
tions
R
esults tables for slenderness of
members and governing internal
forces
P
arts list with weight and volume
specifications
 Metric and imperial units
18
RF-/STEEL GB
Design of Steel Members According to GB 50017-2003
(Chinese Standard)

Features
D
nal forces
S
A
utomatic determination of criti-
cal buckling loads and factor for
overall stability for lateral-torsional
buckling according to annex B
O
support for beams
A
utomatic cross-section
classification
A
nalysis of deformations (service-
Input of general data
ability)
A
utomatic design for local stability Working with RF-/STEEL GB Results Output
and check of cross-section’s plastic The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM The first results table shows the max-
design criteria for material, loads and load combi- imum design ratio with the corre-
nations must be entered in accord- sponding analysis for each load case,
V
ariety of cross-sections, for exam-
ance with the design concept de- group or combination that has been
ple rolled I- and C-sections, rectan- scribed in the Chinese standard GB designed. Moreover, the governing
gular hollow sections, angle irons, 50017. The RSTAB/RFEM library al- internal forces and a parts list are
T-sections, welded I-sections (sym- ready contains appropriate materials. displayed. The complete module data
metrical and un-symmetrical about The presettings for lateral interme- is part of the RSTAB/RFEM printout
strong axis), C-sections (symmet- diate supports and effective lengths report. The report contents and the
rical about strong axis), rectangu- can be adjusted. When specifying the extent of the output can be selected
lar hollow sections and angle irons, parameters for the lateral torsional specifically for the individual designs.
round sections, round bars buckling design, you can define the
torsional length lT in addition to lw.
Results graphic with design ratio
D
V
arious options to filter and
arrange results, including results
listed by member, cross-section,
x-location or load cases, groups and
combinations
R
esults table for governing
Steel
internal forces
P
specifications
 Seamless integration in RSTAB/RFEM
19
RF-/STEEL CSA
Design of Steel Members According to CSA S16-09
Steel
(Canadian Standard)
Features
D
esign of members and sets of
members for tension, compression,
bending, shear, combined internal
forces and torsion
S
al buckling
A
port conditions by means of a spe-
A
lternative analytical calculation of
critical moment for lateral torsional
buckling for standard situations
Design by cross-sections in STEEL CSA
O
support for members and continu-
Working with RF-/STEEL CSA termediate supports and effective
ous members lengths can be adjusted. In case con-
The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM
 Automatic cross-section classification tinuous members are used, you can
for material, loads and load combi
S
erviceability limit state design (de- define individual support conditions
nations must be entered in accord
flection) and eccentricities for each intermedi-
ance with the design concept de ate node.
 Cross-section optimization scribed in the standard CSA S16-09.
The design results are listed in results

V
ariety of cross-sections provid The RSTAB/RFEM library already con tables, sorted by members, cross-
ed for selection, for example rolled tains appropriate materials. RSTAB sections, x-locations or load cases,
I-sections, C-sections, T-sections, and RFEM allow you to create ade- groups and combinations. The com-
angles, rectangular and circular quate load combinations automati- plete module data is part of the
hollow sections, round bars, sym- cally. The presettings for lateral in- RSTAB/RFEM printout report.
metrical, asymmetrical and para
meterized I- and T-sections as well Results graphic with design ratio in RSTAB
as angle irons and double angles

C
learly structured input and out-
put tables
D
with references to design equations
V
arious filter and sorting options
for results
R
esults tables for member slender-
nesses and governing internal forces
P
specifications
20
RF-/STEEL AS
Design of Steel Members According to AS 4100-1998
(Australian Standard)

The add-on module RF-/STEEL AS
performs the ultimate and the
serviceability limit state design ac-
cording to the Australian Standard
AS 4100-1998 + annex 1 - 1999.
Features
 Design of members and sets of
forces and torsion
 Stability analyses for buckling and
lateral-torsional buckling
 Automatic determination of critical
general load applications and
support conditions by means of
Output of calculation results shown by load case in STEEL AS
a special FEA program (eigenvalue
analysis) integrated in the module
 Alternative analytical calculation of Working with RF-/STEEL AS
the critical moment for lateral tor- First, you decide which load cases, background, a special FEA tool deter-
sional buckling for standard situa- load combinations and result combi- mines the critical loads and moments
tions nations you want to analyze. Then, required for the stability analysis.
 Option to apply a discrete lateral you can adjust lateral intermediate Together with RSTAB/RFEM it is also
supports, effective lengths and other possible to apply the Direct Analysis
support
standard-specific design parameters. Method taking into account the in-
 Automatic cross-section classifica-
In case continuous members are fluence of a general calculation ac-
tion (compact, noncompact and
used, it is possible to define individ- cording to the second-order analysis.
slender)
ual support conditions and eccentric- When you use this option, you can
 Deflection analyses ities for each intermediate node of do without special enlargement fac-
 Optional cross-section optimization the single members. In the program’s tors.
 Variety of cross-sections provid-
ed for selection, for example rolled Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RSTAB
I-sections, C-sections, T-sections,
angles, rectangular and circular hol-
low sections, round bars, paramet-
ric I- and T-sections, etc. as well as
user-defined cross-sections from
SHAPE-THIN
 Clearly structured input and out-
put tables
 Detailed results documentation
Steel

 Various filter and sorting options
for results
21
RF-/STEEL NTC-DF
Design of Steel Members According to NTC-DF (2004)
Steel
(Mexican Standard)
The add-on module RF-/STEEL NTC-DF
performs the ultimate and the ser-
viceability limit state design ac-
cording to the Mexican Standard
NTC-RCDF (2004), section about
metal structures.
Features
D
esign of members and sets of
forces and torsion
S
al buckling
A
port conditions by means of a spe- Input of nodal supports for member sets in RF-STEEL NTC-DF
sis) integrated in the module Working with RF-/STEEL NTC-DF program’s background, a special FEA
A
lternative analytical calculation of First, you decide which load cases, tool determines the critical loads and
the critical moment for lateral tor- load combinations and result combi- moments required for the stability
sional buckling for standard situa- nations you want to analyze. Then, analysis.
tions you can adjust lateral intermediate Together with RSTAB/RFEM it is
supports, effective lengths and other possible to consider by default the
O
standard-specific design parameters. influence of a general calculation

support for members
In case continuous members according to second-order analysis.
A
utomatic cross-section classifica- are used, it is possible to define Alternatively, you can take into
tion individual support conditions and account the effects according to
 Deflection analyses eccentricities for each intermediate second-order analysis by enlargement
node of the single members. In the factors.
V
ariety of cross-sections provided Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RFEM
for selection, for example rolled
low sections, round bars, symmet-
rical, asymmetrical and parameter-
ized I- and T-sections, etc.
C
learly structured input and output
tables
D
V
for results
22
RF-/STEEL SP
Design of Steel Members According to SP 16.13330.2011
(Russian Standard)

The add-on module RF-/STEEL SP
performs the ultimate and the
serviceability limit state design
according to the Russian Standard
SP 16.13330.2011.
Features
 Design of single and continuous
forces and torsion
 Stability analysis for flexural buck-
 Automatic determination of stability
factors according to annex E, F, G
 Option to apply a discrete lateral
support for beams
Design results sorted by members in RF-STEEL SP
 Automatic slenderness check for
cross-section parts subjected to Working with RF-/STEEL SP you want to design, and then the load
compression cases, load and result combinations.
The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM
 Analysis of deformations (service- concerning material, loads and com- During the next steps, you can adjust
ability) binations must have been entered in the presettings for lateral intermedi-
 Cross-section optimization accordance with the design concept ate supports and effective lengths.
 Variety of cross-sections provided, described in the Russian Standard SP The complete module data is part of
for example rolled I-sections, 16.13330.2011. The RSTAB/RFEM ma- the RSTAB/RFEM printout report. The
Csections, rectangular hollow sec- terial library already contains appro- contents chosen for the report and
tions, angles, T-sections. Welded priate materials according to GOST. the extent of output data can be se-
cross-sections: I-shaped (symmetri- In RF-/STEEL SP, you select first the lected specifically for the individual
cal and asymmetrical about major members and sets of members that designs.
axis), channel sections (symmetrical
Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RFEM
about major axis), rectangular hol-
low sections, angles, round pipes,
round bars
 Clearly arranged module windows
for results
V
member, cross-section, x-location
or load cases / load combinations /
Steel
result combinations
 Results window for slendernesses
of members and governing internal
forces
23
RF-/STEEL SANS
Design of Steel Members According to SANS 10162-1:2011
Steel
(South African Standard)

Features
D
esign of single and continuous
forces and torsion
S
al buckling
A
port conditions by means of a spe-
A
lternative analytical calculation of
critical moment for lateral torsional
Design results sorted by member in STEEL SANS
buckling for standard situations
O
Working with RF-/STEEL SANS eccentricities for each intermediate
support for members and continu- node.
ous members
material, loads and load combina- The following results windows show
A
utomatic cross-section classifica- tions must be entered in accordance all detailed results in extendable
tion with the design concept described tree menus sorted by specific topics.
S
erviceability limit state design in the standard SANS 10162-1:2011. Moreover, it is possible to display all
(deflection) The RSTAB/RFEM library already intermediate results for each location
contains appropriate materials. The along the members. In this way, you
presettings for lateral intermediate can easily retrace how the individual
V
ariety of cross-sections provid-
supports and effective lengths can designs have been carried out by the
ed for selection, for example rolled
be adjusted. In case continuous module. The complete module data
members are used, you can define is part of the RSTAB/RFEM printout
individual support conditions and report.
low sections, round bars, symmet-
rical, asymmetrical and parameter- Results graphic with design ratio in RSTAB
ized I- and T-sections as well as an-
gle irons and double angles
C
learly structured input and output
tables
D
V
for results
R
esults tables for member slender-
nesses and governing internal
forces
P
specifications
24
RF-/STEEL NBR
Design of Steel Members According to ABNT NBR 8800:2008
(Brazilian Standard)
Program Features
 Design of single and continuous
forces and torsion
 Stability analysis for buckling,
torsional buckling and lateral
torsional buckling
 Option to apply a discrete lateral
support for members and
continuous members
 Serviceability limit state design
(deflection)
 Variety of cross-sections provided
for selection, for example rolled
angles, rectangular and circular
hollow sections, round bars, sym-
metrical, asymmetrical and para Design by cross-section in STEEL NBR
meterized I- and T-sections as well
as angle irons and double angles The results windows show all detailed The design results and ratios of the
 Clearly structured input and output results in extendable tree menus designs performed in RF-/STEEL NBR
tables sorted by specific topics. Moreover, all can be directly displayed on the
intermediate results can be displayed model available in RSTAB/RFEM.
along the members for each location. Thus, the locations with maximum
In this way, it is possible to easily re- loading can quickly be seen.
trace how the individual designs have
 Various filter and sorting options been carried out by the module.
for results
 Results tables for member slender- Results graphic with design ratio in RSTAB
nesses and governing internal forces
 Parts list with weight and volume
specifications
Working with RF-/STEEL NBR

material, loads and load combina-
tions must be entered in accordance
with the design concept described in
the standard ABNT NBR 8800:2008.
Steel
The RSTAB/RFEM library already con-

tains appropriate materials and cross-
sections of the Brazilian standard.
The presettings for lateral intermedi-
ate supports and effective lengths
can be adjusted.
25
RF-/STEEL Plastic
Plastic Design of Cross-Sections
Steel
The add-on module RF-/STEEL Plastic

uses the plastic reserves of cross-
sections. In this way, a very efficient
design is possible.
Taking into account the interaction

conditions, the action effects must
not exceed the limit internal forces.
The following design methods are
available:
C
ross-sections consisting of two or
three sheets (I-, C-, Z-, L-sections,
channels, tees), flat steel, pipes
and hollow sections according to
the Partial Internal Forces Method
(PIFM) with redistribution by
Kindmann/Frickel
E
lliptical cross-sections with ana-
lytical nonlinear optimization pro-
Design results sorted by cross-sections shown in STEEL Plastic
cedure
S
implex Method for general cross-
sections Working with RF-/STEEL Plastic user-defined values are taken into
First, you select the members/member account for the calculation.
RF-/STEEL Plastic includes an extensive
sets as well as load cases, load com- Design-relevant parameters like for
as well as extendable cross-section /
binations or result combinations that example the calculation of all cross-
material library with standard-specific
you want to take into account for sections according to the Simplex
strength values.
the ultimate limit state design. The Method can be adjusted as desired.
materials from RSTAB/RFEM are pre- The results of the calculation can be
Features
Download the current product overview at www.dlubal.com
set but can be adjusted. represented graphically or in tables.

 F ull integration in RSTAB/RFEM with When checking the cross-sections, It is also possible to print them in the
import of all relevant information you can decide if the design values printout report.
and internal forces are taken from the standard, or if
D
esign of cross-sections for tension,
compression, bending, torsion, Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RSTAB
shear and combined internal forces

O
ptimization of cross-sections with
transfer option to RSTAB/RFEM
 F reely definable yield strengths, also
dependent on structural thickness
D
with references to used design
equations
V
results such as designs sorted by
member, cross-section, x-location
etc.
D
esign criterion visualized on
RSTAB/RFEM model
26
RF-/STEEL Fatigue Members
Fatigue Design for Members and Sets of Members
With the add-on module RF-/STEEL

Fatigue Members you can perform
the fatigue design according to
EN 1993-1-9 for steel members
and member sets.
The fatigue design according to

EN 1993-1-9 is based on the nominal
stress concept. The internal forces
are determined according to the
structural analysis for members. The
stresses are calculated according to
the mechanics of materials at the
location where the crack formation is
expected.
This means that the ranges of the
nominal stress Δσ and Δτ as a result
of the actions are contrasted with
the design values of the fatigue
strength ΔσR and ΔτR.
Furthermore, the concept of the
partial safety values applies in
EN 1993-1-9. The partial safety factor
Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RSTAB
γMf for the fatigue strength is graded
depending on the reliability concept
O
ptimization of cross-sections with listed by member, cross-section,
and the possible consequences of
transfer option to RSTAB/RFEM x-location or load cases / load com-
failure.
D
etailed results documentation with binations / result combinations
The add-on module RF-/STEEL Fatigue
Members includes an extensive cross- references to used design equations D
section library and an extendable V
arious options to filter and RSTAB/RFEM model
material library with standard-specific arrange results, including results D
ata export to MS Excel
strength values.
Moreover, it is possible to optimize
the cross-sections automatically and
to export the modified cross-sections
to RSTAB/RFEM.
Features
 Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with
import of all relevant information
and internal forces
 Determination of stress ranges for
the available load cases, load com
binations or result combinations
 Free assignment of detail categories
Steel
on the available stress points of the

cross-section
 User-defined specification of dam
age equivalent factors
 Design of members and sets of
members according to EN 1993-1-9 Module window 2.1 Design by Cross-Section
27
RF-/ALUMINIUM
Aluminum Design of Members According to Eurocode 9
Steel
Features
D
bending, shear and combined
internal forces
S
ling, torsional buckling and lateral-
torsional buckling
A
port conditions, by means of a spe-
O
support for beams
A
utomatic cross-section
classification
S
erviceability limit state design for Working with RF-/ALUMINIUM In case continuous members are
characteristic, frequent or quasi- The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM for used, you can define individual sup-
permanent design situation material, loads and load combina- port conditions and eccentricities for
tions must be entered in accordance each intermediate node.
with the design concept described
T
ransfer of optimized cross-sections in the Eurocode. The RSTAB/RFEM Results Output
to RSTAB/RFEM library already contains appropriate The first results table shows the max-
materials. For design according to imum design ratio with the corres
V
ariety of cross-sections provided, EN 1999-1-1 the parameters presented ponding analysis for each load case,
for example I-sections (symmetric in the national annexes (NAs) of group or combination that has been
and unsymmetric), C-sections, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, designed. The complete module data
T-sections, rectangular hollow Italy, Slovakia, Czech Republic and is part of the RSTAB/RFEM printout
sections, square sections, round Cyprus are provided. The presettings report. The report contents and the
sections, angles with equal and for lateral intermediate supports and extent of the output can be selected
effective lengths can be adjusted. specifically for the individual designs.
unequal legs, flat steel, round bars
 Clearly arranged results tables Results graphic with design ratio
D
V
arious options to filter and
arrange results, including results
listed by member, cross-section,
x-location or load cases, groups
and combinations
R
esults table for governing
internal forces
P
specifications
28
RF-/FE-LTB
Lateral Torsional Buckling Design According to FE Method
The add-on module RF-/FE-LTB is

used to detach planar sub-struc-
tures from spatial RSTAB/RFEM
models to calculate them accord-
ing to the second-order analysis
for torsional buckling considering
warping. The geometrical, support
and load data is imported to
RF-/FE-LTB automatically. The mod-
ule allows for further input specific
for lateral torsional buckling.
Features
S
tress design el-el with warping
torsion
S
tability analysis for buckling and
lateral torsional buckling of buckled
planar continuous members
D
etermination of critical load fac-
tor and hence Mcr, Ncr (if applicable,
these values can also be used for Stress ratio of a tapered cantilever
the el-pl design in RF-/LTB)

 L ateral torsional buckling design When modeling, lateral supports de- Subsequent to the calculation, de-
for thin-walled cross-sections fined as nodal supports, shear panels formations, internal and support
(also SHAPE-sections) or rotational restraints can be ap- forces as well as stresses are displa-
plied. To determine the spring stiff- yed. As the warping torsion is con-
A
nalysis of members and sets of nesses, powerful tools are available sidered, you also get information
members with applied torsion so that you don‘t have to look up about the distribution of warping bi-
(e.g. crane runway girder) buckling curves or properties of cor- moments as well as primary and se-
O
ption to determine the factor for rugated sheets. condary torsional moments.
ultimate load capacity The load application points can be Imperfections are taken into account
D
isplay of torsional and eigen- freely defined on the cross-section. for stability analyses. In addition,
modes on the rendered cross-sec- When imperfections are taken into the critical load factor is determined
tion account, you can select the system‘s which can be used to calculate Mcr
governing eigenmode graphically. and Ncr.
P
owerful tools for determi-
The cross-section‘s torsions are clear- RF-/FE-LTB allows for the management
ning shear panels and rotational
ly visible in the rendered model. of varied designs in different design
restraints, e.g. from corrugated
sheets, purlins, bracings All additional data relevant to lateral cases. In this way, you can calculate,
torsional buckling can be determined for example, the ultimate load capa-
C
omfortable determination of
conforming to standards by using city with stress limitation before a
discrete springs like warp springs comfortable input tools. system failure occurs.
from end plates or rotational
springs from columns
Determination of tension fields and rotational Determination of
G
raphical selection of load applica- restraints warp spring
Steel
tion point on cross-section

 F ree arrangement of eccentric nodal
and line supports on cross-section
D
etermination of values for inclina-
tion and precamber
29
RF-/PLATE-BUCKLING
Plate Buckling Analysis of Stiffened Plates
Steel
RF-/PLATE-BUCKLING is used to
perform the plate buckling design
for rectangular plates according to
EN 1993-1-5 and DIN 18800-3. The
plates can be reinforced by horizon-
tal or vertical stiffeners. The load
on the plates’ edges can be user-
defined as well as imported from
RSTAB/RFEM.
The plate buckling analysis always
takes into account the entire panel
because in this way the existing stiff-
eners are considered in the FE model.
Thus, you can do without a design
for single (c/t) parts or buckling panel
sections.
Input of boundary stresses with load import option
First, material data, panel dimensions ideal buckling values for the indivi-
and boundary conditions are defined. dual stress conditions as well as the
Options to import data from RSTAB buckling value for the simultaneous
or RFEM are available. Then, bounda- effectiveness of all stress compon-
ry stresses can be defined for each ents. To determine the buckling be-
load case either manually or imported havior similar to buckling members,
from RSTAB/RFEM. the eigenvalues of the ideal c/t parts‘
Import of panel and loading Stiffeners are modeled as spatially buckling values are calculated with
effective surface elements that are longitudinal panel sides assumed to
Features eccentrically connected to the plate. be free.

 Import of internal forces from The bending, shear, strain and Then, RF-/PLATE-BUCKLING deter-
RSTAB/RFEM by selecting number St. Venant stiffness (or Bredt stiffness mines slenderness and reduction
of members and buckling panels for closed stiffeners) of these stiffe- factors according to EN 1993-1-5
including determination of gover- ners is considered automatically due or DIN 18800, part 3, table 1. Thus,
ning boundary stresses to the use of the real 3D model. designs are performed according to
S
ummary of stresses in load cases Analyses are carried out successively EN 1993-1-5, chap. 10 or DIN 18800
with determination of governing by calculating the eigenvalues of the part 3, eq. (9), (10) or (14).
load case The buckling panel is discretized in
 Import of stiffeners from a compre- finite quadrilateral or, if necessary,
hensive library: flat plate and bulb triangular elements. Each node of an
flat steel, angle, rolled sections L, T element has six degrees of freedom.
and C as well as trapezoidal Subsequent to the FE calculation, the
stiffener results are displayed for every load
D
etermination of effective widths case in detail. The graphic of the
according to EN 1993-1-5 and buckling mode facilitates the results
DIN 18800-3 evaluation.
B
uckling effects according to Graphic of buckling mode
DIN 18800 part 3, eq. (13) are
optionally taken into account.
P
hoto-realistic representation of
buckling panel together with stiffe-
ners, stress conditions and buckling
modes including animation Input of T-stiffener
30
RF-/CONCRETE
Linear and Non-linear Analysis for Cross-sections of Reinforced Concrete with
Reinforcement Concept

CONCRETE or RF-CONCRETE
Members are RSTAB or RFEM add-
on modules used for reinforced
concrete design of member ele-
ments. The design is carried out
for uni- and biaxial bend-ing with
axial force as well as shear and tor-
sion according to the following
standards:
 Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
 DIN 1045*)
 SIA 262*)
 ACI 318-11*)
 GB 50010*)
*) corresponding standard extension
required
Reinforcement in 3D rendering
 Design of tapered members tions of cracking sections). For

 L imitation of crack widths for ser-vi- RFEM available with add-on module
ceability RF-CONCRETE NL
 Iterative non-linear design consi-

Design process
dering cracked section for stiffness
and appropriate redistribution of After opening the program, you de-
Reinforcement in 3D rendering moments (Eurocode 2, DIN 1045) fine the standard or method accor-
 Considering creep and shrinkage ding to which the design is carried
Features out. The ultimate and serviceability li-
C
onsidering tension stiffening ef-
 F ull integration in RSTAB/RFEM with mit state can be designed according
import of all design relevant infor- fects of concrete
to the linear as well as the non-line-
mation E
xplanation of possible reasons for ar calculation theory. The load cases,
D
etermination of longitudinal, failed design groups and combinations are then
shear and torsional reinforcement N
on-linear determination of defor assigned to the different types of cal-
R
epresentation of minimum and mations in cracked state (deflec culation.
compression reinforcement
Reinforcement proposal for longitudinal reinforcement
O
ption to specify secondary and
minimum longitudinal reinforcement
 Free selection of concrete cover
Concrete
O
ptional settings for partial safety
and reduction factors, neutral axis
depth limitation and material pro-
perties
S
hear design by using default me-
thod or variable inclination of con-
crete strut
D
etermination of neutral axis
depth, concrete and steel strains
C
onsideration of biaxial compres-si-
on stresses
31
allows for useful checking and docu-
Concrete
mentation options when creating re-

inforcement drawings including steel
schedule.
With the selected reinforcement, the
crack width analysis is carried out for
the internal forces governing in the
serviceability limit state. The results
output includes steel stresses, mini-
mum reinforcement, limit diameters,
maximum bar spacings as well as
crack spacings and crack widths.
Reinforcement group with specifications for longitudinal reinforcement
Further input tables are available for Subsequent to the design, CONCRETE
defining material and cross-sections. lists the results of the required rein-
In addition, you can assign the pa- forcement in clearly arranged tables.
rameters for creep and shrinkage. For traceability purposes, all interme-
Depending on the age of concrete, diate values are displayed, too. In ad-
the modulus of creep and the coef- dition, the cross-section‘s strains and
ficient of shrinkage will be adjusted stresses are represented graphically. Moments linear and non-linear
immediately. Reinforcement proposals are docu-
The geometry of supports is deter- mented in the same way, with tables As a result of the non-linear calcula-
mined by design relevant data like including sketches ready for use. The tion, you get ultimate limit states for
suggested reinforcement can be mo- the cross-section with the defined re-
support widths and types (direct or

indirect, monolithic, end or interme- dified by adjusting, for example, the inforcement (determined linear ela-
diate support), redistribution of mo- number of rebars or the anchor-age. stically) as well as the member‘s ef-
ments and moment as well as shear All modifications will be updated au- fective deflections considering stiff-
force reduction. tomatically. nesses in cracked state.
The final table consisting of several CONCRETE provides a 3D rendering
tabs is provided to enter specific rein- visualization of the concrete cross-
forcement data as diameters, concrete section including reinforcement. This
cover and curtailment type, number
Reinforcement in x-locations with intermediate results
of layers, cuts of links and type of an-
chorage. Members or sets of mem-
bers can be summarized in special
„reinforcement groups“, each defined
by different design parameters.
The reinforcement layout can be de-
fined top-bottom, uniformly sur-
rounding, in corners or as symme-
trical distribution. Furthermore, it
is possible to specify minimum and
corner reinforcement, secondary re-
inforcement and limits for crack
widths. Checking the preset standard
specifications completes the input.
32
RF-CONCRETE
Reinforced Concrete Design for Plates, Walls, Shells and Members
The add-on module RF-CONCRETE

used for the design of reinforced
concrete with the main program
RFEM consists of two parts:
RF-CONCRETE Surfaces allows for
the design of surface and shell
elements. RF-CONCRETE Members
is used for the design of member
elements. The design for members
has already been described for
RF-/CONCRETE.
Due to the module‘s integration into
the RFEM user interface, you can pass
smoothly from the FE analysis to the
reinforced concrete design. The design
for bending and axial force as well as
shear and torsion is carried out accord-
ing to the following standards:
 Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
 DIN 1045*)
 SIA 262*) Definition of reinforcement layout in two different reinforcement groups
 ACI 318-11*)
 GB 50010*)
*) corresponding standard extensions After selecting the standard and load Due to the vectorial representation of
required cases as well as the material for con- main stress directions you can adjust
crete and reinforced concrete, the rel- the third reinforcement layer to the
Features
evant design parameters are defined actions in an optimal way.
 Import of relevant information and
by surface. Reinforcement ratios, re- The results are displayed graphical-
results from RFEM
inforcement layout and standard set- ly as isolines, isosurfaces or numeri-
 Complete and reasonable presetting
tings can be assigned in detail. cal values. Areas covered by the ba-
of input parameters
sic reinforcement can be set inactive
 Consideration of relevant code In case the program detects some so that only the additional reinforce-
requirements with control options non-designable locations during the ment is shown.
 Free definition of reinforcement
design, it displays the reason for it. The isolines can be exported as DXF
layers (2 or 3 layers)
In this way it is possible to carry out file and reused in CAD programs
 Independent reinforcement on both
surface sides specific modifications to the model where they provide the basis for rein-
 Option to use basic reinforcements or the design specifications. forcement drawings.
for top and bottom layers
 Design variety to avoid compression Representation of reinforcement in sections and isosurfaces
or shear reinforcement
 Design with design moments at
column edges
 Tabular output in freely selectable
grid points with description of non-
designable elements
Concrete
 Numerical result values can be add-

ed to graphical design results on
RFEM model
 Analytical serviceability limit state
design
 Deflection and crack width analysis
in cracked state (state II) with add-
on module RF-CONCRETE NL (sur-
charge required)
 Analytical design of surface
deflections with add-on module
RF-CONCRETE Deflect
33
RF-/CONCRETE Columns
Reinforced Concrete Design According to Model Column Method
Concrete
(Based on Nominal Curvature)

This RSTAB/RFEM add-on module is
used for the flexural buckling as
well as the fire resistance design for
rectangular or circular compression
elements according to the model
column method (method based on
nominal curvature).
The design is carried out according to:
 Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
 DIN 1045*)
*) corresponding standard extension
required
Features
 F ull integration in RSTAB/RFEM with
import of geometry and load case
data
 Creep is considered
Specifications for fire resistance design
D
iagram based determination of
buckling lengths and slenderness
First, you enter the columns and load risks, displacement of system, equiva-
from the restraint ratios of columns
cases relevant for the ultimate limit lent height, end of column).
A
utomatic determination of ordi- state design and, if necessary, the
nary and unintentional as well as Subsequent to the design, the design
creep-producing permanent load.
additionally available eccentricity results are clearly arranged showing
The materials and cross-sections
according to second-order analysis all result details. In addition to the
defined in RSTAB/RFEM are already
D
esign of monolithic constructions required longitudinal and shear rein-
preset.
and precast parts forcement, the output includes a re-
The specifications for the reinforce-
inforcement concept that can be ad-
 Analysis for common design ment and its layout as well as the
justed.
D
etermination of internal forces ac- boundary conditions for the fire re-
cording to the linear static and the sistance design are entered in a spe- The columns including their reinfor
second-order analysis cial table consisting of several tabs. cement can be visualized in the 3D
Finally, you define the parameters rendering as well as in the work win-
A
nalysis of decisive designed loca-
of the model columns (e.g. buckling dow of RSTAB or RFEM.
tions along the column due to
existing load
Graphical representation of results in the work window with connection to tables
O
utput of required longitudinal and
link reinforcement
 Output of design safety
 F ire protection design according to
EN 1992-1-2
R
einforcement concept with graph-
ic display in 3D rendering for longi-
tudinal and link reinforcement
O
ption to dimension longitudinal
reinforcement for fire resistance
design
S
ummary of design ratios with op-
tion to access all design details
G
raphical representation of impor
tant design details in RSTAB or
RFEM work window
34
RF-PUNCH
Design of Punching Shear Resistance
The RFEM add-on module RF-PUNCH

is used for the design of punching
shear resistance for surfaces
supported by columns or nodal
supports. The governing punching
load is automatically determined
from the existing load.
RF-PUNCH allows for a quick pun-
ching shear design without entering
lots of data. The following standards
are available:
 Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
 DIN 1045*)
*) c orresponding standard extension
required
Concentrated loads represent another
possibility to apply punching loads to
a plate.
Input of details for nodes of punching shear with overview graphic
Input
Designs
After opening the module, the mate-
The punching shear designs are clear- punching shear reinforcements for
rials and surface thicknesses defined
ly arranged and represented with all each analyzed node.
in RFEM are already preset. If neces-
sary, missing nodes can be selected result details in order to guarantee As RF-PUNCH is integrated in RFEM,
manually or graphically. traceability. RF-PUNCH shows the go- further nodes of punching shear are
verning punching loads, the exist- known in the surface. Therefore it is
Openings near areas bearing the risk
ing and allowable shear stresses for possible to carry out an interference
of punching shear are either known
the plate‘s design shear resistance as check of the determined sections
from the RFEM model or can be spe-
well as the different sections and re- with the sections of the adjacent
cified additionally in RF-PUNCH so
inforcement ratios. If required, a de- columns.
that the model‘s stiffness won‘t be
scription is indicated. Finally all design results in the RFEM
affected. These openings can be de-
fined in the surface graphically as In another output table, the program work window are available for graph-
rectangular or circular sections. lists the required longitudinal and ical evaluation.
As parameters of the longitudinal rein- Representation of required punching shear reinforcement in RFEM work window
forcement, the number and direction
of layers as well as the concrete cover
are defined by surface, separately for
the plate‘s top and bottom sides.
Detailed specifications for the nodes
Concrete
of punching shear complete the data

input, e.g. applicable perimeters, lon-
gitudinal or punching shear rein-
forcement. For reasons of clarity, the
program always shows the surface
including the relevant node in the
info graphic.
In addition, you have access to the
design software of HALFEN-DEHA
(HDB), a German producer of shear
rails.
35
RF-/FOUNDATION Pro
Single, Bucket and Plate Foundations According to
Concrete
Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 7

The add-on module
RF-/FOUNDATION Pro is used to de-
sign single, bucket and plate foun-
dations for all support forces of
an RSTAB or RFEM model accord-
ing to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1997-1.
The following foundation types are
available:
 Foundation plate
B
ucket foundation with smooth bu-
cket sides
B
ucket foundation with rough bu-
cket sides
 Single foundation with rough sides
The column can be placed either cen-
trically or eccentrically. For assign
ing foundations, it is possible to se-
lect the support nodes graphically in Governing design criteria
RSTAB/RFEM. When the load cases re-
quired for the design are defined, the  Safety against punching The foundation‘s dimensioning can
governing load will be determined A
nalysis of concrete compressive be controlled by parameters.
automatically. stress in bucket walls The calculation results are documen
In addition to the support forces O
verlapping length of vertical buted in tables and graphics. The rein-
from RSTAB/RFEM, the program al- cket reinforcement with reinforce- forcement drawings include sections
lows for specifying loads to be inte- ment of columns and may be submitted to test en-
grated into the foundation‘s design. RF-/FOUNDATION Pro provides a gineers. All intermediate results are
These are the following: reinforcement proposal for the up- traceable and can be displayed, if
C
onstant surface load, e.g. due to per and lower plate reinforcement. desired.
earth covering The program automatically finds the The complete foundation including
U
nfavorable constant surface load, most favorable reinforcement com- reinforcement and column can be
e.g. due to traffic bination of a mat and added rebars. visualized in the 3D rendering.
If required, these bars will be distri-
S
ubsoil water level for considering
buted by curtailment across two rein-
buoyancy
forcement areas.
V
ertical and horizontal single loads
The reinforcement concept can then
in any place on the foundation
be adjusted individually:
plate
 Select a different mat
C
onstant line loads with free ar
rangement on the plate S
elect a different diameter or spac
ing for an added rebar
Designs  F ree selection of width for reinfor
The following designs are possible: cement areas
 Safety against lifting  Individual curtailment of reinforce-
 Safety against ground failure ments Reinforcement of foundation in 3D rendering
 Static equilibrium analysis
Reinforcement drawing In addition, the foundation outline
 L oad eccentricity desgin (lateral can be represented in the RSTAB/
buckling) RFEM model. This allows for a quick
 Safety against sliding overview about the foundations‘
S
afety against bending failure of orientation and their positions in the
foundation plate model.
36
RF-TENDON / RF-TENDON Design
Prestressed Concrete Design According to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-2

With the external add-on modu

les RF-TENDON and RF-TENDON
Design you can calculate mem-
bers consisting of pre-tensioned
and bonded post-tensioned con-
crete according to EN 1992-1-1
(Concrete Structures) and EN 1992-2
(Concrete Bridges).
RF-TENDON
Use this module to define tendons in
prestressed concrete members.
The program provides the following
features:
 Import of cross-sections and mate-
rials from RFEM
 Input of straight and parabolic ten-
dons, layout definition for prestres-
sing steel
A
utomatic calculation of pre-stres-
sing forces and equivalent mem-
Visualization of tendon layout in RF-TENDON
ber loads
E
xport of equivalent prestressing
P
rintout or RTF export of results is based on the results calculated in
forces to RFEM possible RF-TENDON and RFEM. The following
T
aking into account immediate loss S
etting options for displayed features are provided:
of prestressing stress due to friction, parameters and units (metric  Clear data overview in input tables
anchorage set, relaxation, elastic or imperial, decimal places etc.)
deformation of concrete etc. D
esign for axial force, biaxial ben-
A
utomatic cross-section check in RF-TENDON Design ding, shear, torsion and combined
background or fully interactive in internal forces
With RF-TENDON Design you perform
graphical user environment the design process for prestressed U
ltimate and serviceability limit
C
lear representation of tendon lay- concrete members according state design for relevant design
out in 3D rendering to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-2, situations
O
ptional design in section selected
Equivalent loads in RF-TENDON
by the user or automatically
generated
C
omfortable automatic or manual
input of additional nonprestressed
reinforcement
Concrete
C
lear specification of exposure
classes
O
ptional user-defined input of
factor for creeping
D
D
escriptive graphics in printout
report
37
Results Output
Concrete
The results are displayed in clearly

arranged results tables. You can
select the designs and the design
extent that you want to print into
the printout report.
Graphics integrated in the report
help to understand the output
shown and listed in the tables.
Finally, you can print the report or
export it in an RTF file.
Cross-section with reinforcement in RF-TENDON Design
Working with the Add-on When you open RF-TENDON Design,

Modules all data determined so far is imported.
In addition to the already defined
After defining the structure, load
pre-stressed concrete reinforce-
cases (load case for prestress without
ment, you can specify non-prestress-
loading) and load groups in RFEM,
ed longitudinal and shear reinforce-
you define the tendons in RF-TENDON.
ments, automatically or manual-
The database offers you a variety of
ly. Then, RF-TENDON Design designs
prestressing steels for selection. You
the prestressed concrete members
Printout Report of RF-TENDON Design

can define straight and parabolic
according to EN 1992-1-1, optionally
tendons automatically as well as ma-
according to EN 1992-2. You can car-
nually. The load cases and groups are
ry out all general designs and check
allocated to time intervals.
if the reinforcement rules according
to Eurocode 2 are observed.
Serviceability Limit State (Crack Width) in RF-TENDON Design
Construction stages in RF-TENDON
Finally, RF-TENDON calculates the

prestressing forces which are then
transferred automatically to RFEM
where the internal forces are deter-
mined by the main program.
38
RF-/TIMBER Pro
Design According to Eurocode 5, DIN 1052 and SIA 265
The add-on module RF-/TIMBER

Pro is used for the ultimate and
serviceability limit state design
according to EN 1995-1-1,
DIN 1052:2008-12 and SIA 265:2012.
The fire resistance design accord-
ing to EN 1995-1-2, DIN 4102-4/A1
and SIA 265 is also available.
Features
and internal forces
C
omprehensive material libraries
according to EN 1995-1-1,
DIN 1052 annex F and SIA 265
D
esign of user-defined composite
cross-sections (hybrid)
Selection of members, loads and design method
S
pecific assignment of structure to
service classes and classification of
actions into load duration classes After opening the module, you de- erties listed in DIN 1052 annex F are
D
esign of members and sets of fine the members or sets of members stored in the library.
that you want to design by manual
members as well as member lists After checking the cross-sections,
entries or by selecting them graphi-
for deformation analysis you assign the load duration classes
cally. Then you choose the relevant
S
tability analysis according to (LDC) and the service classes (SECL).
load cases, groups or combinations
equivalent member method or for the ultimate and the serviceability They can be assigned by load case or
second-order analysis limit state design as well as the fire member.
D
etermination of governing resistance design. If the stability analysis is carried out
internal forces The materials defined in RSTAB/RFEM according to the equivalent mem-
 Info icon for successful or failed are already preset but can be adjust- ber method, the effective lengths for
design ed in the module. The material prop- members and sets of members must
V
isualization of design criteria in
RSTAB/RFEM model Graphic of structure and stress ratio of selected members
C
olored reference scales in results
tables
S
ynchronization of tables and
RSTAB/RFEM work window when
selecting current member graphi-
cally
V
Timber
in RSTAB/RFEM
 Optimization of cross-sections
T
ransfer of optimized cross-sections
to RSTAB/RFEM
 Parts list and quantity surveying
D
irect data export to MS Excel or
OpenOffice.org Calc
39
be defined. The buckling lengths that
Timber
are preset with the member lengths

can be adjusted directly or by means
of b.
For the deformation analysis, the refe
rence lengths of the relevant members
and sets of members must be speci-
fied, considering direction of displace-
ment, precamber and beam type.
For the fire resistance design,
RF-/TIMBER Pro allows for detailed
specifications like the determination
of cross-section sides where charring
occurs.
Designs by load case: ultimate limit state, serviceability limit state, fire protection
When designing the cross-section tions is determined for beams and

resistance, RF-/TIMBER Pro analyz- cantilevers.
Detailed specifications for the design es ten-sion and compression along
Separate RF-/TIMBER design cases
the grain, bending, bending and ten-
Subsequent to the successful de- allow for a flexible analysis of specif-
sion/compression as well as shear ic members, sets of members and ac-
sign, the results are displayed in de- due to shear force with and without
tail. Every intermediate value can be tions as well as for individual stability
torsion. The analysis is carried out checks.
represented, which makes the design
with the stresses‘ design values.
more transparent. The results are list- In addition to the input and results
ed by load case, cross-section, mem- For the serviceability limit state de- data including design details dis-
ber or set of members. sign, the program considers axial played in tables, all graphics of
If the analysis fails, the relevant compression, bending with and with- stress ratios can be integrated into
cross-sections can be modified in an out compressive force as well as the global printout report of RSTAB/
optimization process. The optimized bending and tension. Furthermore, RFEM. In this way a comprehensible
cross-sections can be transferred to the deflection in the characteristic and clearly arranged documentation
RSTAB/RFEM to calculate them again. and quasi-permanent design situa- is guaranteed.
Printout report with graphic and designs
Optimization parameters
The stress ratio is represented by

different colors in the RSTAB/RFEM
model so that oversized or crucial
areas of the structure can be re
cognized immediately. In addition,
the result diagrams for the member
or set of members allow for a specific
evaluation.
40
RF-/TIMBER AWC
Timber Design According to ANSI/AWC NDS-2012
The add-on module RF-/TIMBER AWC

performs designs for the ultimate
and the serviceability limit state
as well as fire protection for tim-
ber members and member sets ac-
cording to the American Standard
ANSI/AWC NDS-2012. The program
includes the analysis methods ac-
cording to the:
 Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
 Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
Features
and internal forces
D
esign of members and continuous
Design results sorted by members
nal forces
C
onsideration of temperature Design-relevant parameters such as
S
tability analyses for buckling and
influences and wood moisture time of load duration in case of fire,
lateral-torsional buckling according
conditions limit deflection, member slenderness-
to the equivalent member method
es can be adjusted as desired.
or second-order analysis V
isualization of design criterion
S
erviceability limit state design by on RSTAB/RFEM model In addition to input and results data
limitation of deflections including design details displayed in
 F ree setting of charring time and tables, it is possible to integrate any
charring rates as well as free choice  Metric and imperial units graphic into the printout report.
of charring sides for the design in
case of fire
M
aterial database and cross-sec-
tion library based on the extension
for ANSI/AWC NDS-2012 including
stored adjustment factors
U
ser-defined input of rectangular
and circular cross-sections
O
ptimization of cross-sections with
transfer option to RSTAB/RFEM
O
ptional import of buckling lengths
from add-on modules RSBUCK or
Timber
RF-STABILITY
D
V
arious options to filter and ar-
range results, including results list-
ed by member, cross-section, x-lo-
cation or load case, load combina-
tion and result combination 3D rendering with design ratio
41
RF-/TIMBER CSA
Timber Design According to CSA 086-09
Timber
The add-on module RF-/TIMBER CSA

performs the ultimate and the ser-
viceability limit state design for
members and sets of members ac-
cording to the Canadian Standard
CSA 086-09. The program includes
the analysis method according to
the:
 Limit States Design (LSD)
Features
and internal forces
D
esign of members and continuous
nal forces
S
tability analyses for buckling and
lateral-torsional buckling according
Representation of design results sorted by cross-section
to the equivalent member method
or second-order analysis
S
erviceability limit state design by Working with RF-/TIMBER CSA slendernesses and limit deflections
limitation of deflections can be adjusted as desired.
First, you define the members/mem-
C
anadian material and cross-section Then, you assign the load duration
ber sets, load cases, load combina-
library classes (LDC), the service conditions,
tions or result combinations that you
and the timber treatment for the
U
ser-defined input of rectangular want to take into account for the de-
and circular cross-sections cross-sections to be designed.
signs of the ultimate as well as the
In addition to input and results data
O
ptimization of cross-sections with serviceability limit state.
including design details displayed in
transfer option to RSTAB/RFEM Design-relevant parameters such as tables, it is possible to integrate any
O
ptional import of buckling lengths the stability analysis type, member graphic into the printout report.
from add-on modules RSBUCK or
RF-STABILITY
3D rendering with design ratio
D
V
member, cross-section, x-location or
load case, load combination and re-
sult combination
C
onsideration of wood moisture
conditions
D
RSTAB/RFEM model
42
RF-/TOWER
Generating Lattice Towers with Equipment and Loading and Design
According to Eurocode

Take advantage of the five
powerful add-on modules for
RSTAB or RFEM to model complex
lattice tower structures including
equipment and loading:
 F-/TOWER
R Structure
 RF-/TOWER Equipment
 RF-/TOWER Loading
 RF-/TOWER Effective Lengths
 RF-/TOWER Design
Each of the modules has a clear
structure and can be used intuitively.
Input of tower segments with interactive graphic
specifying the tower segments. When the tower model has been
It is possible to define the slopes via completely generated, the module
widths or width changes. displays all data in a clearly arranged
When you have entered the tower output table. The output includes all
poles, you can define various stiffe- specifications concerning member re-
nings for the lattice tower. The pro- leases and buckling lengths. To check
Library of parameterized bracings gram provides detailed specifications
the data graphically, you can use
for horizontal girts and bracings as
the Viewer function providing a full
RF-/TOWER Structure well as for vertical bracings of towers
screen display.
The basic module represents an inno- having non-identical sides. A compre-
vative tool for generating 3D tower hensive library with various types of Finally, it is possible to transfer the
structures being rather complex in bracings facilitates the input. generated model data of the lattice
their geometry. Furthermore, you can Each input table shows an interactive tower (geometry, cross-sections) to
use this module to adjust already
graphic that makes entering the mo- RSTAB or RFEM by mouse click.
existing structures comfortably.
del easier.
Features
Definition of vertical bracings
 Generation of triangular, rectangu-
lar or square towers
 Access to the comprehensive mate-
rial and cross-section libraries from
RSTAB or RFEM
 Easy geometry input by means of
tower segments
Tower
 Databases for vertical, horizontal

and inner bracings
 Easy export of generated model
data to RSTAB/RFEM
First, define the tower type and the
cross-sections that you want to use.
Then, enter the tower geometry by
43
RF-/TOWER Equipment
Tower
Towers are used as supporting struc-

tures for transmitting antennas and
further equipment such as platforms,
ladders and cable lines that must be
taken into account for the design.
With this add-on module you can
create transmitter towers including
all required equipment in no time.
Features
G
eneration of inside and outside
platforms using a comprehensive li-
brary with adjustment options due
to parametrization
 L ibraries for tubular extensions and
antenna brackets as 2D and 3D
constructions placed on selected
objects Specification of antennas from operator library with interactive graphic
A
ntenna groups for evaluation ac
cording to mobile network opera RF-/TOWER Loading Features
tors Using this add-on module, you can A
utomatic consideration of the
S
election of different antennas create design relevant actions for tower‘s self-weight including equip-
based on databases: parabolic, RSTAB or RFEM. When generating ment
lense, shell, compact and cuboidal the load, the program considers the
antennas tower‘s structural data and equip-
P
arameterized input of inner ducts, ment that have been previously de-
cable lines and ladders with inter- fined.
active graphic The module covers all requirements ac
The various equipment elements are cording to EN 1993-3-1, EN 1991-1-4,
defined in the respective input tables. DIN 1055 and DIN V 4131 for self-
Extendable libraries and interactive weight, wind, human, ice and traffic
graphics help you to enter the data. loads. However, you can also create
Finally, it is possible to transfer all individual load situations. Specifications for ice loads
equipment that is structurally effec- To export the generated loads to RSTAB

S
pecification of wind load distribu-
tive to RSTAB or RFEM easily. or RFEM, use the Export button.
tion for windward and leeward to-
wer faces, or user-defined distribu-
tion
Specifications for wind pressure and direction of wind loads
D
etermination of wind loads ap-
plied to tower and equipment espe-
cially for structures prone to vibrati-
on (gust factor)
O
ption to reduce total wind load by
selecting single objects
D
etermination of ice loads for icing
classes G and R with automatic
specification of ice thickness and
length of unidirectional ice increase
G
eneration of traffic load cases
with surface and human loads
44
RF-/TOWER Effective
Lengths
The add-on module RF-/TOWER
Effective Lengths determines the
buckling lengths of members used in
lattice towers with square, rectangu-
lar or triangular floor plans.
When entering data the program
considers user-created lattice towers
generated in the main programs
RSTAB and RFEM as well as lattice
towers from the add-on modules
RF-/TOWER Structure and RF-/TOWER
Equipment. Subsequent to the
determination of the effective
lengths you can export them to the Output of buckling lengths for truss girders
add-on module RF-/TOWER Design

for further use.
possible to define intersection points RF-/TOWER Design
of horizontal and vertical bracings to
With the add-on module RF-/TOWER
Input and Detail Settings be supported in such a way that they
Design you can design lattice
The tower type, the equipment cannot deflect in perpendicular direc
towers according to EN 1993-1-1,
number as well as the member tion to the bracing plane.
EN 1993-3-1 and EN 50341.
assignment in the individual
Results Relevant input from the add-on mod
categories are defined with the
After the generation RF-/TOWER ules RF-/TOWER Structure, RF-/TOWER
general data settings. For lattice
Equipment, RF-/TOWER Loading and
towers defined in the add-on Effective Lengths shows the effective
RF-/TOWER Effective Lengths are tak-
modules RF-/TOWER Structure lengths in clearly-arranged results
en into account for the design.
and/or RF-/TOWER Equipment the tables. It is possible to modify single
program performs the assignment buckling lengths manually in the Features
automatically. tables. The effective lengths can be A
utomatic cross-section classification
With the detailed settings you can exported to the add-on module
D
esign of triangular and quadrilate
control the nodal restraints of the RF-/TOWER Design for further work
ral lattice towers
single bracing types. For example it is by using the export function.
P
arameters of national annexes
(NAs) integrated for the following
countries: Germany, United King
dom, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Netherlands, France and Poland
 F lexural buckling analysis of truss
girders on the basis of effective
slenderness ratio, considering brac-
ings and support conditions
D
esign of equipment, for example
platforms according to EN-1993-1-1
O
utput of parts list
C
reation of printout report pre
Tower
pared for test engineers

The results are shown in clearly-
arranged module tables. In addition
to the design results the output in-
cludes all design-relevant parameters.
Finally, it is possible to export the re-
Results output for designs sorted by cross-sections sults to a spreadsheet program.
45
RF-GLASS
Design of Planar and Curved Glass Surfaces
Glass
The add-on module RF-GLASS fa-

cilitates the deflection analysis and
stress design for laminated or in-
sulated glass. As this module is in-
tegrated in RFEM, many functions
can be shared.
RF-GLASS allows for analyzing the
following glazing types:
T
empered or laminated safety glass
with layer structure
 Insulating glass consisting of sin-
gle panes or laminated safety glass
with enclosed gas layer
Definition of glass and gas layers for insulating glass
Input of climatic load parameters pal axis orientations are displayed for subdivided in summer loads (temper-
each glass layer at top and bottom ature, atmospheric pressure and al-
Layer Structure and Materials sides. titude for manufacturing and moun-
The pane structure can be defined
Climatic Loads ting) and winter loads (external glass
freely. You can select between three
For insulating glass you can consider side, load distribution on external
layer types: glass, foil and gas. The
program includes a comprehensive climatic load parameters. They are and internal glass sides).
library with all common types of
glass, laminated material and gases
according to DIN 18008-1:2010-12,
TRLV:2006-08 and E DIN EN 13474.
It is possible to edit the materials‘
thickness as well as its parameters.
For panes consisting of laminated
glass, you can consider the
laminating foil‘s shear capacity.
Design
Panes of tempered and laminated sa-
fety glass without gas layer can be
designed linearly (linear static analy-
sis) or non-linearly (large deformati-
on analysis).
Insulating glazings with gas layers
are represented by special solids.
They are calculated by iterations
according to the large deformation
analysis (Newton-Raphson).
Subsequent to the calculation, the
displacements, stresses and princi- Results: Stresses in glass layers
46
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro
Frame Joints for Frames According to
Eurocode 3 and DIN 18800

Features
D
esign of knee joints, T-joints, cross
joints and connections with contin-
uous columns and I-shaped cross-
sections
 Import of geometrical and load
data from RSTAB/RFEM or manual
specification of connection (for
example for recalculating without
available RSTAB/RFEM model)
 F lush top connections or connec-
tions with bolt row in extension
D
esign for positive and negative
frame joint moments
D
ifferent inclinations for horizontal
beams right and left as well as
application to frames of duopitch
and monopitch roofs
T
aking into account additional
thicknesses, welds, bolt spacings In RSTAB/RFEM you select the
flanges in horizontal beam, for
and all dimensions required for node that you want to design. All
example for cross-sections with
tapering construction connected members are recognized
S
ymmetrical and asymmetrical automatically and the connection
Working with type is assigned. Then, depending on
T-joints or cross joints
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro
C
onnection on both sides with the connection type, you define fur-
different cross-section depth right With RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro you can ther details for ribs, backing plates,
and left dimension and design connections web plates, bolts, welds and hole
A
utomatic suggestion of bolt layout for structures calculated in RSTAB/ spacings by further input options.
and required stiffenings RFEM. If no RSTAB/RFEM model is The loads are entered by selecting
O
ptional design mode with possi- available, you can enter geometry the load cases, groups and combina-
bility to specify all bolt spacings, and loading also by manual defini- tions from RSTAB/RFEM. If you work
welds and sheet thicknesses tions, for example to check external in the „preliminary design“ mode,
C
hecking the screwability with calculations. RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro will suggest
adjustable dimensions of used
Connections
wrenches Input table for bolt data and welds of end-plate of horizontal beam
C
lassification of connection by stiff-
ness with calculating the connec-
tion‘s spring stiffness to take it into
account for calculation of internal
forces
C
hecking up to 45 individual de-
signs (components) of connection
A
utomatic determination of govern
ing internal forces for each single
design
C
ontrolling graphical output of
connection in rendering mode with
specifications of material, sheet
47
appropriate layouts after the first cal-
Connections
culation run. When the relevant lay-

out is selected, the program shows
all designs both in detailed tables
and various graphics.
Results Output
First, the governing designs for col-
umn and horizontal beam are shown
together with the connection‘s ge-
ometry displayed in a table. In fur-
ther results tables you can check all
important design details like lengths
of flow lines, load bearing capacity
Details for individual designs of horizontal beam, overview above and design details below
of screws, stresses in welds or stiff-
nesses of connections. All connec-
tions are visualized in a 3D rendering Further Features
graphic. Dimensions, material prop-
 Integrated and flexibly extendable P
ossibility to update cross-section
erties and welds significant for the settings for national annexes depth of horizontal beam for taper
connection‘s construction are imme- according to EN 1993-1-8 connections subsequent to optimi-
diately displayed and can be included zation of connection geometry in
A
utomatic conversion of internal
in the printout. RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro
forces from framework analysis
in respective design locations,
also in case of eccentric member
connections
A
utomatic determination of initial
stiffness Sj,ini of connection
D
etailed control of all dimensions
concerning plausibility including
specifications of input limits (for
example for edge distances and

Construction data for end-plate hole spacings)
O
ptional introduction of compres-
The connections can be represent-
sion forces into column by menas Unsymmetric cross-joint in rendering
ed graphically in the add-on module
of contact
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro or directly in
the RSTAB/RFEM model. All graphics
can be integrated in the RSTAB/RFEM
printout report or printed directly. An
optimal visual check is already possi-
ble in the design phase due to the re-
sults output that is true to scale.
Graphical output of connection in add-on

module FRAME-JOINT Pro Visualization of connection in RSTAB/RFEM model
48
RF-/HSS
Ultimate Limit State of Welded Hollow Structural Section Connections
According to Eurocode 3

The RSTAB or RFEM add-on module
RF-/HSS is used to design planar and
spatial framework joints of steel
hollow sections. The connections
can be defined with round, square
or rectangular hollow sections.
Take advantage of RF-/HSS to carry out

the ultimate limit state design accor-
ding to EN 1993-1-8:2005.
Features
 Integration in RSTAB/RFEM with au-
tomatic geometry recognition and
transfer of internal forces
O
ption to define connection ma-
nually
Specification of general geometry and connection parameters
C
omprehensive library providing ta-
bles of hollow sections for chords
and struts: The connection nodes can be se- gap between the struts or an overlap
- Round pipes lected graphically in the RSTAB or of the struts themselves. The verifica-
- Square pipes RFEM model. The relevant data for tion of the applicable geometric con-
- Rectangular pipes cross-sections and geometry will be ditions represents the basis for a suc-
imported automatically. It is also pos- cessful structural design.
 Implemented steel grades:
sible to define the parameters of the
S 235, S 275, S 355, S 420, S 450 The design includes detailed speci-
hollow section connection manually.
and S 460 fications concerning design internal
If required, you can adjust the cross-
S
election of available connection ty- forces, validity limits and design con-
sections in the module. The pre-
pes according to standard speci-fi- ditions. They are also documented in
set angles between struts and chord
cations: the global RSTAB or RFEM printout
member can be modified as well. The
K, N, KT, DK, T, Y, X report.
geometric relation of the struts to
S
election of partial safety factors each other is important for the ap- Separate design cases enable a flexi-
according to national annex for propriate selection of the design. This ble analysis of several structural com-
Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, relation is defined by specifying a ponents in complex systems.
Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Switzer-
Connections
land or Denmark Results with detail designs
A
djustable angles between struts
and chord members
O
ptional chord rotation by 90° for
rectangular hollow sections
P
ossibility to consider gap between
struts or overlap of struts
O
ption to consider additional no-
dal force
C
onnection design as maximum ul-
timate limit state of a truss‘ struts
for axial forces and bending mo-
ments
49
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base/Tower
Design of Connections According to Eurocode

Connections
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base

With the add-on module
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base you
can design footings of hinged and
restrained steel columns according
to EN 1993-1-8. For hinged column
bases four different base plate con-
nections are provided:
C
olumn base plate without stiffeners
C
olumn base plate with stiffeners
in cavity
C
olumn base plate for rectangular
hollow sections
 Column base plate for round pipes
Five different design types can be
selected for restrained footings:
C
olumn base plate without
stiffeners
Input table for anchors in JOINTS Steel - Column Base
C
olumn base plate with stiffeners in
center of flanges
shear key strength, concrete com-
C
olumn base plate with stiffeners pression, failure of concrete edges,
on both sides of column friction, welds etc. in a clear over-
C
olumn base plate with channel view.
profile stiffeners on both sides of
column including crossbars RF-/JOINTS Steel - Tower
 Bucket footing Use RF-/JOINTS Steel - Tower do
The base plate is welded all around design connections of lattice tower
the steel column for all connections. members according to EN 1993-1-8.

Anchors are set in concrete within You can choose among the following
the foundation. You can select connections:
Connection visualized in RSTAB
anchors of type M12 – M42 with B
olted connection of diagonals
steel grades of 4.6 – 10.9. Working with RF-/JOINTS without gusset plate 2D
The top and bottom side of anchors Steel - Column Base B
olted connection of diagonals
can be provided with round or angled First, enter the type of anchorage without gusset plate 3D
sheets for a better load distribution into the first input table. Select also
the design standard. Then, in table  Bolted column joint
or anchorage. In addition, you can
decide to use threaded bars or round 1.2, define the node where the foot- You can work with T-, K- and KT-
bars with threads applied at ends. ing anchorage is to be designed. joints for the diagonal connections.
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base will The add-on module RF-/JOINTS Steel
Material and thickness of the grout
import the node from RSTAB/RFEM. - Tower offers the following designs:
joint as well as dimensions and ma
Optionally, you can define a column net section, hole bearing, shear and
terial of the foundation can be set
cross-section/material manually. In sliding.
freely. Furthermore, you can select
the subsequent input tables, speci-
an edge reinforcement in the foun For optimal checks it is possible to
fy the parameters of the column base
dation. visualize clearly all connections that
such as base plate, anchor, shear key,
For a better transfer of shear forces stiffeners etc. Loads are imported have been generated in RF-/JOINTS
you can arrange a shear key (cleat) from RFEM/RSTAB. When you define both in the add-on module and in
on the bottom side of the base plate. the joint manually, you have to en- RFEM/RSTAB. Input data and results
Shear forces are introduced by either ter the loads yourself. After the cal- of RF-/JOINTS are part of the RSTAB/
the cleat, anchors or friction. It is culation RF-/JOINTS shows you the re- RFEM printout report where you can
also possible to combine two or quired designs for base plate bend- easily define the amount for output
three of these components. ing, tension/shear force of anchor, data.
50
RF-/JOINTS Steel - DSTV
Standardised Joints in Steel Structures
RF-/JOINTS Steel - DSTV (German
Steel Construction Association) de-
signs moment-resistant and simple
I-beam connections for members
in accordance with the German
guideline „Standardised Joints in
Steel Structures“. The resistances
are determined according to
DIN EN 1993-1-8: complete edition
2013.
It is possible to design moment
resisting connections with flush and
extended end plates as well as bend-
ing-resistant purlin joints, pinned
girder joints using end plates and
angles, and notching of beams (IK).
RF-/JOINTS Steel - DSTV displays all
required structural dimensions and
the respective additional sections as
well as the corresponding hole
arrangements.
Program Features Parameters and graphics of IG joint in RF-JOINTS Steel - DSTV
D
esign of moment-resisting and
simple joints for I-shaped rolled bolt number, end plate dimensions, A
utomatic determination of govern
cross-sections according to and welds ing internal forces for several load
Eurocode 3: utput of stiffnesses Sj,ini for
O cases and connection nodes
-M
oment resistant joints with end bending-resistant connections C
lear visualization of joints in
plates (type IH) D
ocumentation of available add-on module as well as in entire
-M
oment resistant purlin splices loadings and comparison with model displayed in RSTAB/RFEM
(type PM) resistances R
esults documentation with tables
-S
imple joints with normal angle O
utput of design ratio for each and graphics in printout report of
cleat and long angles individual joint RSTAB/RFEM
(types IW and IG)
-S
imple joints using end plates 3D rendering of an IH joint designed in RF-JOINTS Steel - DSTV and displayed in RFEM
with mounting either on web
Connections
only or on web and flange
(type IS)
C
hecking coped connections (IK)
in combination with pinned end
plates (IS) and angle connections
(IW)
A
utomatic layout of required joint
with bolt sizes (all types)
C
heck of required thickness of load-
bearing member for shear connec-
tions
O
utput of all required structural
details such as appliances, hole
arrangements, necessary extensions,
51
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Pinned
Pinned joints according to EN 1993-1-8
Connections

RF-/JOINTS Steel - Pinned, you
can configure and design shear
connections of I-beams.
The design is carried out according
to the following standards and
guidelines:
D
IN EN 1993-1-8:2010
(incl. National Annexes)
E
uropean Recommendations for
the Design of Simple Joints in Steel
Structures, 1st Edition 2009
Four different types are available:
web cleat connection, fin plate con-
nection, short end plate connection
and end plate connection with cleat.
A three-dimensional graphic shows
all connections, with the output of
all necessary dimensions for sheets
and angles, including bolt hole
arrangements. Parameters of a fin plate connection in RF-JOINTS Steel - Pinned
The graphics can be transferred to
the printout report with dimension
lines as well as with descriptions of Design
bolts and welds. All necessary checks (bolts, fin plate, Therefore, for the web cleat and the
angle, girder web, tension transmis- fin plate connection, an eccentric
General Features
sion into the column etc.) are moment is determined which addi-
P
ossible connection on the column performed. tionally acts on the bolt group at the
flange as well as on the column web
It is assumed for all joint types that girder flange. Further eccentric mo-
B
olt sizes from M12 to M36 with the moment release is at the column ments may result from the locations
the strength grades 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 flange or in case of rotated column of the angles and sheets.
and 10.9 at the column web.
A
rbitrary bolt hole spacing and
edge distances 3D rendering of an angle connection in RSTAB designed with JOINTS Steel - Pinned
 Notching of beam is possible
P
ossible connection with pure nor-
mal force load (tension joint), pure
shear loading or combination of
normal and shear force possible
C
heck if the requirements of a
pinned joint are met
C
heck of the minimum and maxi-
mum bolt hole spacing and edge
distances
V
ivid visualization of the connec-
tions in the module as well as on
the overall model in RSTAB/RFEM
R
esults documentation with tables
and graphics in the RSTAB/RFEM
printout report
52
RF-/JOINTS Timber - Steel to Timber
Design of Indirect Timber Connections According to Eurocode 5
The add-on module RF-/JOINTS

Timber - Steel to Timber is used
for the design of joints that are
indirectly connected by means of
steel plates. Dowels are used as
fasteners. The design is performed
according to EN 1995-1-1
(including National Annexes).
Program Features
D
esign of hinged, bending-resistant
and semi-rigid connections
D
efinition of up to 5 steel plates
slotted in timber beams
U
p to 8 members connected to one
node
 Thickness of steel plate: 5 – 40 mm
 Dowel diameter: 6 – 30 mm
A
utomatic check of minimum spac- Input of connection geometry in RF-JOINTS Timber - Steel to Timber
ing between dowels

O
ptional free definition of dowel The add-on module checks automati the calculation: check of minimum
and plate distances cally if all geometric conditions are spacings, load bearing capacity of
D
efinition of asymmetric dowel lay- fulfilled. Alternatively, it is possible each dowel, steel plate (hole bearing
outs (e.g. any polygonal chain) to enter the connection including and stress according to EC 3), stress
 J oint graphically visualized in add- loading manually. analyses with reduced timber cross-
In the Geometry module window, section, block shear failure, entire
on module and RSTAB/RFEM
steel plate dimensions and dowel connection.
A
ll required steel and timber
layouts are defined for the connected The results tables and detailed joint
designs including reduction of
members. graphics can be printed into the
cross-section values
RF-/JOINTS Timber - Steel to Timber printout report of RSTAB/RFEM.
D
esign of stiffenings for transversal
shows the following designs after
tension
E
xport of member eccentricities to
RSTAB/RFEM 3D rendering of a joint designed in JOINTS Timber - Steel to Timber displayed in RSTAB
D
owel length optionally shorter than Connections
width of cross-section (for use of
wooden plugs)
A
utomatic calculation of joint stiff-
ness
C
alculation of failure mechanisms
according to Johansen
Working with RF-/JOINTS

Timber - Steel to Timber
First, the joint type, the design stand-
ard as well as the plate and dowel
grades are selected. The members
to be connected as well as their
position and inclination are imported
from the RSTAB/RFEM model.
53
RF-/LIMITS
Comparison of Results with Defined Limit States
Connections
RF-/LIMITS analyzes the load bear-

ing capacity of members, member
ends, nodes, nodal supports and
surfaces (only RFEM) by means of
a defined ultimate load capacity.
Features
D
esign of member ends, members,
nodal supports, nodes and surfaces
(in RFEM)
C
onsideration of defined design
areas
 Check of cross-section dimensions
D
esign according to EN 1995-1-1 +
DIN 1052 + DSTV DIN EN 1993-1-8
(standard for timber) with respec-
tive national annexes
O
ption to design other materi-
als than timber such as steel, con-
crete etc.
N
ot necessarily bound to specific
standards Definition of limit parameters
U
ser-defined database that can be
extended
In the other results windows, the re- Application fields
 Connection to OpenOffice or Excel sults can be represented separately S
teel construction: checking the
O
ptimization of connecting ele- for sets of members, surfaces, cross- limit tensile forces of cables
ments (the best utilized connecting sections, members, nodes and nodal
T
imber construction: layout of
element is calculated) supports.
approval-controlled connection

Furthermore, the ratios can be dis- components
Input played graphically in RSTAB/RFEM. S
olid construction: check of slab
First, the standard, where applicable, The displayed results can be further internal forces
and the loads needed for the design reduced by using filter settings to G
lass construction: comparison
are selected. Then, the maximum ad- ensure a clearly structured results of allowed nodal deformations
missible loading is defined in module overview. and others
window 1.2 Limit Parameters.
In addition to the manufacturers al-
ready available in the database, it is Design ratios shown on nodal supports
possible to add further producers.

When all elements are selected for
the design, you can define the load
duration class (LDC).
The third module window, however,
will be displayed only if you design
timber connecting elements accord-
ing to EN 1995-1-1.
Results
The first results window shows the
connection’s governing designs for
the respective load case, load combi-
nation or result combination.
54
RF-/DYNAM Pro – Natural Vibrations
Analysis of Natural Vibrations
RF-/DYNAM Pro - Natural Vibrations,
it is possible to quickly analyze
conveniently natural frequencies
and mode shapes for spatial
member models (in RFEM also
for member and solid models).
All required input values can be

imported directly from RFEM/RSTAB.
Powerful eigenvalue solvers are
available to determine up to 9,999
eigenvalues.
General Features
 Automatic consideration of masses
from self-weight
 Direct import of masses from load
cases or load combinations possible
 Optional definition of additional
line masses (nodal, member, linear
and area masses as well as inertia
masses)
 Combination of masses in different Input of mass combinations in RF-DYNAM Pro - Natural Vibrations
mass cases and mass combinations
 Eigenvalue solvers for RFEM: root D
ifferent scaling options for mode
 Preset combination coefficients
of the characteristic polynomial, shapes
according to EC 8
Lanczos method, sub space D
ocumentation of numeric and
 Optional import of normal force iteration, ICG iteration method graphic results in the printout
distributions (for example for
 Eigenvalue solvers for RSTAB: sub report
considering prestress)
space and shifted inverse iteration
 Stiffness modification (for example,
you can import deactivated
members or stiffnesses from
RF-/CONCRETE)
 Consideration of failed supports
or members possible
 Definition of several natural vibra-
tion cases possible (for example to
Dynamics
analyze different masses or stiffness
modifications)
 Output of eigenvalue, angular
frequency, natural frequency and
period
 Determination of mode shapes and
masses in nodes as well as FE mesh
points (RFEM)
 Output of modal masses, effective
modal masses, and modal mass
factors
Natural vibration as graphic results display in RFEM
55
RF-/DYNAM Pro – Forced Vibrations
Analysis of Forced Vibrations

Dynamics

RF-/DYNAM Pro - Forced Vibrations,
you have the possibility to analyze
dynamically a supporting structure
with regard to external excitation.
It is necessary to determine the
mode shapes in RF-/DYNAM Pro -
Natural Vibrations. You can define
the various excitation functions via
time history analysis, accelerations
(accelerograms) or harmonic loads
and link them with load cases.
With the multi-modal as well as with

the multi-point response spectra
analysis, you can perform seismic
analyses. The required spectra can be
created according to the standards
or user-defined. The add-on module
contains an extensive library of
accelerograms from earthquake
zones. They can be used to generate
response spectra.
Features of the time

Accelerogram library
history analysis
C
ombination of user-defined time Features of the multi-modal R
elevant mode shapes for the
diagrams with load cases and load response spectrum analysis response spectra can be selected
combinations (nodal, member and manually or automatically (the 5 %
R
esponse spectra of numerous
surface loads as well as free and standards (EN 1998, DIN 4149, rule from the EC 8 can be applied)
generated loads can be combined IBC 2012 etc.) R
esult combinations by modal
with functions varying over time) superposition (SRSS or CQC rule)
R
esponse spectra can be user-defined
C
ombination of several independ- or generated from accelerograms and by direction super-positioning
ent excitation functions possible (SRSS or 100 % / 30 % rule)
D
irection-relative response spectra
E
xtensive library of earthquake approach
recordings (accelerograms)
M
odal analysis or direct integration Table "Time Diagrams" in RF-/DYNAM Pro - Forced Vibrations
(only in RFEM) available in the time

history analysis
S
tructural damping possible
by using the Rayleigh damping
coefficients or Lehr’s damping
values
D
irect import of initial deformations
from a load case or a load
combination possible
G
raphical results display in a time
history diagram
E
xport of results in user-defined
time steps or as an envelope
56
RF-/DYNAM Pro – Equivalent Loads
Generation of Equivalent Seismic Loads
In the add-on module
RF-/DYNAM Pro - Equivalent Loads,
you can perform seismic analyses
with the multi-point response
spectra analysis. The required
spectra can be created according
to the standards or user-defined,
from which the equivalent static
loads are generated.
In RF-/DYNAM Pro - Equivalent Loads,

the results from the natural frequency
calculation with RF-/DYNAM Pro -
Natural Vibrations are required.
Features
 Response spectra in accordance
to various standards
 The following standards are
available:
- EN 1998-1:2010 (EU with
numerous National Annexes,
amongst other things Germany,
Austria, Italy, France etc.)
- DIN 4149:1981-04 (Germany) Definition of response spectra
- DIN 4149:2005-04 (Germany)  Input of user-defined response G

enerated equivalent static loads
- IBC 2000 (USA) spectra are exported into load cases
- IBC 2009-ASCE/SEI 7-05 (USA) D
irection-relative response spectra separate for each mode and
approach separate for each direction
- IBC 2012-ASCE/SEI 7-10 (USA)
R
elevant mode shapes for the R
esult combinations by modal
- ÖNORM B 4015:2007-02 (Austria) response spectra can be selected superposition (SRSS or CQC rule)
- NTC 2008 (Italy) manually or automatically (the 5 % and by direction super-positioning
rule from the EC 8 can be applied) (SRSS or 100 % / 30 % rule)
- NCSE-02 (Spain)
- SIA 261/1:2003 (Switzerland)
- O.G. 23089 + O.G. 23390 (Turkey)
- SBC 301:2007 (Saudi Arabia)
- GB 50011 - 2001 (China)
Dynamics
- NBC 2005 (Canada)
- DTR B C 2-48 (Algeria)
- DTR RPA99 (Algeria)
- CFE Sismo 08 (Mexico)
- CIRSOC 103 (Argentina)
- NSR - 10 (Colombia)
- IS 1893:2002 (India)
- NBC 2005 (Australia)
- NCh 433 1996 (Chile) Display of the equivalent loads from mode shape in RSTAB
57
RF-/DEFORM
Deformation and Deflection Analysis
Others
The add-on module RF-/DEFORM is

used for the deformation analysis
of indi-vidual members as well as
complete sets of members defined
in RSTAB or RFEM structures.
The allowable limit deformations can
be determined in relation to either
the undeformed system or the defor-
med member ends.
Specifications for allowable deformations
Features
Selection of load cases, groups and combinations
D
eflection analysis for members
and continuous members
G
raphical selection of members and the members and sets of members The analyses carried out with
continuous members for design that you want to design either ma- RF-/DEFORM can be integrated into
 L imit deformations referring to glo- nually or graphically. Finally, the re- the global printout report such as the
bal, local or resulting member di- spective allowable limit deformation data of all other add-on modules. If
rections is assigned with reference to the de-
necessary, they can be arranged ap-

S
pecification of limit deformations formed member ends or the undefor- propriately there.
with reference to length of mem- med system.
bers or continuous members, al- The results are displayed in a clearly RF-/DEFORM has a very short learning
ternatively as absolute deformati- structured table. If the analysis for a curve due to its clear arrangement
on values member or a continuous member has and proceeding based on enginee-
H
andling of several load cases, failed, it is marked accordingly. ring requirements.
groups and combinations
M
anagement of designs in different
design cases Deformation analysis for all members and sets of members
A
utomatic determination of go-
verning load cases and governing
members and continuous members
 F ree selectable units for lengths and
deformations independent of main
program RSTAB/RFEM
 Integration of deformation analy-
ses into global RSTAB/RFEM prin-
tout report
All data is entered in clearly arranged
input tables. First, you select the de-
sign relevant load cases, groups and
combinations. Then you can define
58
RF-MOVE/RSMOVE
Load Case Generation from Moving Loads
RSMOVE and RF-MOVE are RSTAB/

RFEM add-on modules that create
different load cases from positions
of moving member loads such as
of cranes or cars on bridges. When
generating these loads, it is pos-
sible to create an enveloping load
combination additionally.
Sets of members and generation parameters
Generated moving loads

runs over the end of the continuous can be related to the true lengths on
Features member (like for a bridge) or stops the member or the projections in one
(like for crane runways). of the global directions.
G
eneration of up to 9,999 load
In this way a series of load cases may When generating moving loads, it is
cases from the moving load‘s single
be created for RSTAB/RFEM whose possible to add loads to already exist-
positions
number can be influenced by specify-
ing load cases. In this case, superpo-
S
ummarizing moving load positions ing the increment for the individual
sitioning loads in the form of a load
in one generation case load positions.
combination may be unnecessary.
O
ption to add loads to load cases As load types you can select line-
RSMOVE or RF-MOVE is distinguished
already created in RSTAB/RFEM ar and single forces as well as mo-
ments, trapezoidal loads, load pairs by its simple input options available
G
eneration of load combination to in two single tables. Thus, numerous
and several similar single forces and
determine the most unfavorable
moments. They can be applied in lo- load positions can be created quic-
load position
cal and global directions. To deter- kly and are immediately available for
O
ption to save load specifications mine the reference lengths, the loads RSTAB or RFEM.
in libraries for later use in other
structures Definition of moving loads
The members on which the load runs
over can be selected graphically in
the RSTAB/RFEM work window. The
simultaneous and similar load appli-
cation on several sets of members
Others
using different load types is possi-

ble, too.
To model the load‘s moving start on
the continuous member, the program
allows for the exact definition of the
first load position. It is also possi-
ble to decide whether a moving load
consisting of multiple components
59
RF-MOVE Surfaces
Generation of Moving Loads on Surfaces
Others
The RFEM add-on module RF-MOVE

Surfaces creates load cases from
various positions of moving loads
such as vehicles on bridges. It is
also possible to create an envelop-
ing result combination.
The data is entered in only four input

windows. In this way, and due to the
quick load case generation for RFEM,
you can save a lot of time.
Features
P
arameterized load positions for
different concentrated, distributed,
surface and axle loads
A
ccess to different stored axle load
models (database)
 F avorable or unfavorable load
application taking into account Definition of the lane using sets of lines in RF-MOVE Surfaces
influence lines and surfaces

to the sets of lines and on the basis The descriptions of the individual
S
ummarizing several moving loads of this information, individual load moving loads are deduced from the
in one load scheme cases are generated. respective load step number. It is
G
eneration of a result combination With a single mouse click, you can possible, however, to replace those
to determine the most unfavorable create a variety of load cases. When names in RFEM by other load case
the generation has been completed, descriptions.
internal forces
RF-MOVE Surfaces displays the Finally, the entire window input
O
ption to save different sets of
numbers of the created load cases can be exported to MS Excel or
movements to use them in other
for information. OpenOffice Calc.
structures
Working with
RF-MOVE Surfaces
The surfaces on which the load is
moving are selected graphically
in the RFEM model. It is possible
to define a load on a surface with
several different sets of movements
at the same time.
You can define the „lane” by using
sets of lines. They can be selected
graphically in the model. The moving
step of single load steps is also
specified.
RF-MOVE Surfaces provides several
load types such as single, linear,
rectangular, circular loads as well
as different axle loads. They can
be applied in local and in global
directions. The different loads are
summarized in load models. The
defined load models are allocated Generated Loads in RFEM
60
RF-IMP
Equivalent Geometric Imperfections and Pre-deformed
Initial Structures
The RFEM add-on module RF-IMP
creates imperfections as equivalent
lateral loads for members or
pre-deformed initial structures
for surfaces.
If these generated imperfections are
considered in a non-linear calculation
according to the second-order analy-
sis, stability analyses for frameworks
and shell structures can be carried
out comfortably in RFEM.
Results: Pre-Deformed Initial Structure - Surfaces General data in RF-IMP
Features buckling curves according G

eneration of imperfections for sin-
to Eurocode 3, equation (5.5) gle members or several members as
 Imperfections for members as
or DIN 18800 part 2, el. (205) set of members (e.g. columns con-
equivalent loads according to sisting of several members)
Eurocode 2, Eurocode 3, DIN 1045-1,  Generation of imperfections in
G
eneration of surface and member
DIN 18800 and DIN 1052 accordance with
imperfections by displacing all FE
C
onsideration of reduction factors - deformations of a load case
mesh nodes or only the RFEM struc-
ah and am or r1 and r2 as well as of - buckling shapes from RF-STABILITY ture nodes
rise of precamber depending on - eigenvibrations from RF-DYNAM
C
omfortable assignment of prede-
formed initial structures when defi-
Buckling shape from RF-STABILITY (above) and corresponding pre-deformed structure in RF-IMP (below) ning new load groups without the
need for calculating a new struc-
ture
Others
V
isualization of generated imper-
fection modes in RFEM user inter-
face
O
ption to carry out buckling
designs according to second-order
analysis with RF-STABILITY and
RF-STEEL
61
RF-STABILITY
Critical Load Factors and Buckling Modes for Structures
Others
The RFEM add-on module

RF-STABILITY determines the criti-
cal load factors and correspond-
ing buckling shapes for frame-
works and shell structures. They
are required for the stability anal-
ysis which is important, together
with the general stress analysis, for
structural components subjected
to compression.
The structure’s stability risk is re

presented by the critical load factor
of the entire system. The respective
buckling mode gives you information
about the risk-bearing area in the
structural model.
Features
General data: parameters for stability analysis
S
imultaneous determination of se
veral buckling shapes in one calcu- It is possible to calculate up to 1,000 RF-STABILITY proves to be particularly
lation run stability eigenvalues at the same time useful for analyzing structures bear-
A
utomatic import of the axial forces which are sorted by critical load fac- ing risks for buckling such as slen-
of a load case or group from RFEM tors in the output table later. In this der beams or thin-walled shells. On
O
ption to consider favorable effects way you can evaluate the governing the one hand, you can quickly evalu-
due to tension failure modes of the analyzed struc- ate the structure concerning its gene
ture. Due to the graphical represen- ral instability risk (buckling and late
O
ption to consider a load case‘s ax-
tation of buckling modes you can ral torsional buckling) by checking

ial forces as prestress
easily recognize the areas bearing in- the critical load factor. On the other
D
irect control option to determine stability risks. This allows for intro- hand, it is possible to deduce appli-
axial forces according to non-linear ducing structural provisions counter cations for imperfections from the
calculation (Newton-Raphson) acting these failure modes. critical (lowest) eigenvectors.
O
ption to reduce stiffness by means
of partial safety factor gM Critical load factors of cantilever with representation of eigenmodes
P
owerful equation solvers to deter-
mine eigenvalues according to sub-
space iteration method for default
cases or ICG iteration method for
complex structures with high me
mory requirements
T
abular output of critical load fac-
tors and corresponding buckling
modes
V
isualization of buckling mode as
isosurfaces or isolines in the RFEM
user interface
B
asis for calculation with imperfect
equivalent structures in RF-IMP
62
RF-SOILIN
Soil-structure Interaction Analysis
The representation of soil condi-

tions as elastic foundations has
a great influence on the structur-
al analysis of buildings. To simpli-
fy the design, a rigid support is of-
ten presumed or a surface elastic
foundation with uni-form stiffness
along the entire floor slab (e.g. ac-
cording to the Winkler foundation
model) is applied.
The add-on module RF-SOILIN takes

into account the results of a subsoil
expertise for the structural analysis.
In this way the interaction between
structure and soil can be considered
realistically.
Definition of soil layers for individual soil samples
Features
 Expandable library for soil constants C
alculation of settlement values on
C
onsideration of several soil sam- the basis of freely selectable load
ples (probes) at different locations, case or group
even outside the building E
fficient design of floor slabs and
C
onsideration of groundwater as buildings due to consideration of
well as side effects due to excava-ti- realistic soil conditions
on and rock at last layer
Definition of subsidence basin C
alculation of stress diagrams
C
alculation of elastic foundation
in direction Z according to elastic
The foundation coefficients can be coefficients in finite elements
half-space theory
determined according to the follow- D
etermination of stress diagrams
ing standards: in direction Z and of settlements in
grid points
 Eurocode 7 (EN 1997-1)
 DIN 4019 Results: Stresses and settlements, elastic foundation coefficients in RFEM work window
 CSN 73 1001
RF-SOILIN allows for settlement cal-
culations based on exploration dril-
lings. The results are used to calcu-
late the corresponding foundation
coefficients for each finite element.
The program is able to consider seve-
Others
ral different layers of soil at

any definable recording point. As
basis for the settlement calculati-
on you can select either the stiffness
modulus or the modulus of elastici
ty in connection with the Poisson‘s
ratio. Furthermore, it is possible to
freely define the subsidence basin.
63
RF-INFLUENCE
Determination of Influence Lines and Influence Surfaces
Others
RF-INFLUENCE is an add-on module

for RFEM which creates influence
lines and influence surfaces for a
given magnitude, such as a reac-
tion, axial force, shear force, or
bending moment.
Influence lines and surfaces visualize

the variations of a particular structu-
ral effect on a section or location for
all positions of the unit load on the
model.
Features
E
asy definition of unit loads in the
RFEM model
E
asy definition of inspected points
on members, surfaces and supports
N
umerical result listing and graphical
view of results for a unit load or for
an inspected point
D
etailed printout report including Graphical representation of influence lines of a truss girder in RFEM
all model and load data for each

Calculation Process Results and Export
inspected point and for each used
unit load When the points that are to be in- After the analysis, the results of each
spected have been defined, the influ- influence line and surface are listed
ence lines and surfaces can be gene- in a table and can also be evaluated
Input rated. After that, the results of all in- in the graphics. The result tables
The RFEM model, which may consist spected points are available in a table. can be exported to MS Excel or
They are listed individually, depending OpenOffice.org Calc.
of members and/or surfaces, can
on the location and the unit load ap-
be analyzed at a specific point by
plied on a member, surface or support.
applying a unit load which acts
in a defined direction. The results Display of influence surfaces in RFEM user interface
contain the influence of the unit load
position on the size of the chosen
magnitude in the given inspected
point.
This simulation is represented graph-

ically by influence lines and influence
surfaces of this magnitude (such
as reaction, force, moment) in the
inspected point on the model. It
can be used for further analyses or
simply to check the behavior of the
model. RF-INFLUENCE determines
the influence lines and surfaces of
models containing both beams and
surfaces.
64
RF-/STAGES
Consideration of Different Construction Stages
The add-on module RF-/STAGES

for RSTAB/RFEM is used to calcu-
late framework structures (in RFEM
also structures of surfaces and
solids) by taking into account
the sequence of construction.
Features
E
asy definition of structural condi-
tions for the structure including
visualization
A
dding and removing objects as
well as modifying object properties
such as end releases or degrees of
freedom for supports
O
ptional superposition of stages
with additional temporary loads,
for example for construction load
cases
C
onsideration of non-linear effects
due to failed members, foundations Assigning members to construction stages
or supports
Calculation Results and Export
R
esults display for individual struc-
tural stages or as envelope (Max/ Permanent Loads are analyzed succes- Subsequent to the calculation, you
Min) of all construction stages sively according to the non-linear the- can evaluate the results of the indi-
ory by Newton-Raphson (large defor- vidual stages in tables or graphically
Input mation analysis) for each structural in the RSTAB/RFEM model.
stage. If geometric differences occur The module also provides an export
When the creation of a structure
between the ideal system and the function so that the results can be
has been completed in the main
system that has been deformed be- used in further designs: For example,
program, you can assign individu-
cause of the previous stage, they will you may use the exported internal
al structural components as well as
be compensated internally. When an- forces of members in steel or rein-
load cases and load groups to the alyzing the structure, the new struc- forced concrete designs. Alternatively,
respective structural stages. Within tural system is applied to the already the data can be exported to MS Excel
these stages, you can modify releas- stressed system of the previous stage. or OpenOffice.org Calc.
es, eccentricities and supports in
order to represent system modifica- Internal forces of a construction stage
tions such as the step-by-step com-
pound of bridge beams or column
settlements.
The load cases and groups created
in RSTAB/RFEM are subdivided into
Others
Permanent Loads and Temporary

Loads. For temporary loads, you can
even create load combinations. In this
way it is possible, for example, to de-
termine the maximum internal forces
from different crane positions or to
consider construction loads that are ef-
fective only in one construction stage.
65
RF-LAMINATE
Design of Multi-layer Surfaces
Others
The add-on module RF-LAMINATE

is used to perform deflection anal-
yses and stress designs for lami-
nate surfaces. The calculation tak-
ing into account shear coupling fol-
lows the sandwich (laminate) the-
ory. Based on a user-defined layer
structure, the program creates a lo-
cal overall stiffness matrix for the
respective surface.
Take advantage of RF-LAMINATE to
design for example cross laminated
timber elements, or to calculate layer
elements used in concrete construc-
tions or structures consisting of dif-
ferent elements.
Features
 General stress design
G
raphical and numerical output of
stresses and design ratios completely
integrated in RFEM
H
igh efficiency due to few data
required for input
Stress graphic in RFEM
O
n the basis of the selected material
model and the layers contained
DIN EN 1995-1-1 as well as the in- C
oupling of layers entirely without
within, RF-LAMINATE generates
teraction of those stresses. shear possible
a local overall stiffness matrix of
the surface in RFEM. The following  Calculation of transversal shear
Input
material models are available: stresses according to Mindlin,
Kirchhoff, or user-defined specifi- Load cases, groups and combinations
- Orthotropic
cations can be combined in various design
- Isotropic
cases for the design of the ultimate

- User-defined  Serviceability limit state design by
and the serviceability limit state.
- Hybrid (for combinations checking surface displacements
of material models)  User-defined specifications for limit The structure of layers forming the
deflections basis for the stiffness calculation can
O
ption to save frequently used
vary. The 3*3 matrix of the layers can
layer structures in a database  D etailed output showing the various
be adjusted as well. In this way,
 In addition to the basic stresses, stress components and ratios in
RF-LAMINATE ensures a completely
RF-LAMINATE shows in its results tables and graphic free selection when generating the
tables the stresses required by  Output of stresses for each layer in stiffnesses.
the model
Maximum stresses sorted by load cases Results
Subsequent to the design,
RF-LAMINATE displays the maximum
stresses, stress ratios and displace-
ments, sorted by to load cases, sur-
faces or grid points. The design ra-
tio can be displayed for any kind of
stress type. The location currently
active is highlighted in the RFEM
analysis model.
In addition to the results evaluation
in tables, it is possible to represent
the stresses and design ratios graphi-
cally in the RFEM work window. The
colors and values assigned in the
panel can be adjusted appropriately.
66
RF-LOAD-HISTORY
Consideration of Plastic Deformations of Previous Load States
RF-LOAD-HISTORY is an RFEM add-

on module that takes into account
the permanent (plastic) deforma-
tion of previous load states. The
calculation is performed for mod-
els consisting of surfaces or solids.
Features
 Easy definition of load steps
 Easy assignment of load cases, load
combinations, result combinations
to load steps
 Consideration of permanent (plas-
tic) deformations of previous load
steps
 Results (deformations, support forc-
es, internal forces, stresses, strains,
etc.) displayed numerically and
Module window 2.21 Surfaces - Equivalent Stresses - von Mises
graphically for the individual load
steps
trol the global settings of the calcula- surfaces as well as deformations and
 Detailed printout report with results tion via the add-on module. stresses of solids.
documentation for all load steps
After the successful calculation you The result combinations for each
can see the results of the individu- load step can be exported to RFEM.
Working with
al load steps directly displayed in the These enveloping combinations can
RF-LOAD-HISTORY
tables of the add-on module. You be used for further designs in other
Once the entire model and load- can also evaluate them graphically on RFEM add-on modules.
ing is defined in RFEM, you enter the structural model. The results out- For calculations with RF‑LOAD‑HISTORY
the load steps and their descriptions put includes for example deforma- the add-on module RF-MAT NL is
in RFLOAD-HISTORY. Then, you as- tions, stresses and internal forces of required.
sign the load cases or load and result
combinations to the different load Graphical representation of beam deformation due to
full load and plastic deformation after relief in RFEM
steps. You also have the option to
multiply them by a load factor.
The calculation is carried out succes-
sively for each load step. Permanent
(plastic) deformations of previous
load steps are considered when cal-
culating further load steps. In this
way, it is possible to also perform a
calculation implicating a relief of the
Others
structure. The loads of the individu-

al steps are added up (depending on
the signs) throughout the calculation
process.
The method of analysis can be freely
selected (linear static, second-order,
large deformation, and postcritical
analysis). Furthermore, you can con-
67
RF/RS-COM
Programmable COM Interface
Others
RS-COM and RF-COM are pro-

gramm-able interfaces for RSTAB
or RFEM based on COM technolo-
gy. By using these interfaces you
can adjust RSTAB or RFEM to your
individual needs as customized in-
put macros or follow-up programs
can be created.
Due to this add-on module, struc-
tures can be created to write new
data in there. The same applies to
load cases, load and results combi-
nations.
The COM interface consists of an in-
struction set that can be integrated
in common programming languages
like Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Ap-
plications (VBA), Visual C++, C# and
other application develop-ment tools
supporting COM technol-ogy. The
instruction set provides objects and
methods that allow access to RSTAB
or RFEM data. Program used to dimension dowel connections
To use RS-COM or RF-COM, you only

need an editor, a compiler and some Functions RF-/DYNAM Addition I,
R
ead and write access to structural RF-/CONCRETE, RF-/DSTV, SUPER-RC,
basic programming skills. The object
and load case data, load and super RF-STABILITY, SHAPE-THIN, RX-TIMBER
library provided by the interface can
Glued-Laminated Beam
be easily included in the editor and combinations (RS-COM)
is then ready for use. In MS Excel, for O
ption to intercept possible errors
 External control of calculation
by error messages
example, a VBA editor is already in-

O
ption to open, recreate or edit
tegrated. C
ontrol of views and transfer of
structures
In addition to the licenses for RSTAB graphics to clipboard
and RS-COM or RFEM and RF-COM, a A
ccess to all results such as deforma
W
riting results in a RSTAB structure
valid license for each add-on module tions, internal and support forces
(RS-COM)
whose data is used is required in or- A
ccess to control elements and
der to be able to work with the COM stresses of RF-/STEEL, RF-/STEEL EC 3, Ranges of Application
interface. RF-/ALUMINIUM, RF-/DYNAM,
S
tructure generators for typical ge-
Program code in Visual C#
ometries with loads and combina-
tions, e.g. for RF-COM: welded steel
connections, reinforced concrete
floors with openings, silos, column
supports
 Import and export of data from
spreadsheets like MS Excel or MS
Access
C
onnection to various programs
compatible with COM technology,
e.g. CAD programs
C
ustomized pre- and post-process-
ing programs
P
reparation and output of data in
customized format
68
RF-LINK
Import of IGES, STEP and ACIS Files
RFEM provides various options to

exchange data. The add-on module
RF-LINK allows for the import of
IGES, STEP and ACIS files. Due to
these file formats you can import
the model’s geometry in the form
of border lines and surfaces.
The quality of the model depends on

the application used for the export.
Only files can be considered for the
import process. The corresponding
file formats are commonly used in
mechanical engineering.
Further Interfaces
The program systems RSTAB and
RFEM include a number of free inter-
faces for different formats: Dialog box extended by RF-LINK formats for import of structures
- IFC interface
- Interface to Nemetschek Allplan Remark:
- German DSTV product interface with Round-trip Engineering func- RSTAB and RFEM provide application
- Interface to MS Excel tionality (import of geometries of programming interfaces (API) allow-
single surfaces and return of rein- ing for access to geometry, load data
- DXF interface forcement) and results as well as to further func-
- SDNF interface - Interface to CADKON (*.esf) tions of RSTAB/RFEM. For detailed in-
formation, see the text for RS/RF-COM
- ASCII interface  Integration in Revit Structure
in this product description.
RFEM provides a direct bidirection-
- Interface to CAD programs such
al connection to Revit Structure
as Tekla Structures, ProSteel 3D,
(Autodesk). It is possible to import
Advance Steel, bocad, SEMA,
analytical models from Revit Struc-
cadwork and Intergraph
ture as well as to update modifi
Frameworks based on files
cations in Revit Structure.
 Integration in Tekla Structures
Round-trip Engineering by using Direct interface to Revit Structure for direct exchange of files
analytical model
 Integration in Bentley ProStructures

direct bidirectional data exchange
by ISM
 Integration in AutoCAD
direct bidirectional data exchange
based on DXF format
Others
S
pecial interfaces in RFEM
In RFEM, the following data based
interfaces are additionally available:
- Interface to Glaser ISB-CAD with

Round-trip Engineering functionali
ty (import of geometry and rein-
forcement)
69
RSTAB 8
Main Program
Frame Analysis
Calculating Planar and Spatial Structures

The RSTAB program family for struc-
tural design is used to determine in-
ternal forces, support reactions and
deformations of any planar or spa-
tial structure. The open and modular
RSTAB program concept meets indi-
vidual user demands for specific pro
ject requirements by integrating ad-
ditional modules.
Due to its user-friendliness, RSTAB
has a small learning curve, which
means that you will be quickly able
to handle the program.
The program system offers you many
helpful tools making structural calcu-
lations in engineering offices easier.
You can use the program in German,
English, French, Italian, Polish,
Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and
Czech.
RSTAB‘s graphical user interface: navigator, graphic display with rendered results, tables
RSTAB User Interface
T
hreepart navigator for checking face by specifying colors, font type Modeling
and controlling data, graphic dis- and size, buttons and style
O
ption for parameterized input for
play and results E
qual and synchronized input in default projects with varying di-
 Integration of Windows capabilities graphic display, tables and dialog mensions
for efficient work (drag-and-drop, boxes

P
arameterizable guideline technique
context menus, clipboard etc.)
D
ockable and automatically mini- for flexible spatial modeling
P
hoto-realistic structure visualiza- mizable tables and navigator
tion with 3D rendering to check the
defined position of members and N
etwork-compatible Project
cross-sections Manager for structure administra-
tion with graphical preview, sub-
 Working in the active rendering
projects, delete function for results
 Individual customization of inter- and display of editing history
Project Manager: preview and details of selected structure
Parameter list
 Import of CAD templates by means

of DXF layers with snap points
C
omprehensive and expandable
cross-section and material libraries
with specifications for cross-section
and material properties
U
se of blocks as parameterized par-
tial structures
70
Adjustable scales for result values and colors
Results
 F reely selectable display and partial
views for results evaluation
Generation of a 2D frame including permanent loads, snow and wind
R
esults visualization on the ren-
M
ember non-linearities such as  Incremental load application dered model
yielding, tearing, slippage or plas- A
utomatic creation of load and re- D
etermination of centroid for se-
ticity sults combinations according to lected objects
N
on-linear supports and releases Eurocode, DIN and others in ac-
with ineffectivities as well as work- T
able output with filter options and
cordance with corresponding com-
ing and stiffness diagrams color scale panel
bination rules
G
enerating tool for structures such D
iagrams of result distribution on
C
opying, adding and recreating
as 2D frames with tapers, truss members with smoothing option
load cases
girders, roofs, 3D frames and 3D
halls, stairs, arcs and bracings O
ptional activation of shear defor- A
nimation of deformations by
mations means of video recording
C
onverting area and coating loads
into member loads A
nalysis of independent sub-  F ilter option for graphical member
W
ind and snow load generation for structures results
various roof structures according to
U
ninterrupted calculation run with E
xport of results to MS Excel or
EN 1991-1-4/3 and DIN 1055-4/5
Frame Analysis
summarized statistical data OpenOffice.org Calc
 Imperfections on continuous members
Results display for specific structure parts with remaining parts being inactive
Calculation
A
nalysis according to the line-
ar static, the second-order and the
large deformation analysis as well
as analysis for postcritical failure
N
on-linear analysis with reactivation
of failed elements
D
etermination of the critical load
factor according to the second-
order analysis
Cross-section library
71
Printout
Frame Analysis
V
arious options for creating the
printout of input data and results
by means of the printout report
P
ossibility to integrate texts and
graphics
O
ption for creating graphic groups
automatically
T
itle boxes, cover sheet and adjust-
able paging
P
rintout in English, German,
French, Spanish, Italian, Czech,
Slovak, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch,
Portuguese and Russian
 Creation of more languages possible
 RTF import of additional texts
 Adjustable print header
 Report export in RTF or PDF
Different displays showing internal forces of a particular partial view (Mero-TSK)
RSTAB represents the platform for all

add-on modules available for steel
and timber construction, reinforced
concrete design, dynamics, connec-
tions etc. All modules fit seamlessly
into RSTAB so that you don‘t have to
leave the user interface that you are
Printout report
used to.
Interfaces
The results of the design are docu-

 Integrated interfaces for the follow- mented in the central RSTAB printout
Central administration of units and decimal
ing formats: *.stp, *.dxf, *.dat, *.ifc report, too. places for RSTAB and all add-on modules
D
ata exchange with CAD programs
like ProSteel 3D, Tekla Structures, Member result diagrams for specific evaluation with smoothing option
Intergraph Frameworks, Advance
Steel, Cadwork, Bocad, AutoCAD.
Data import from CAD programs
O
ption for controlling RSTAB by
programmable COM interface
(Visual Basic) with add-on module
RS-COM
 IGES, STEP and ACIS interfaces
(add-on module RX-LINK, surcharge
required)
72
RSIMP
Generation of Equivalent Geometric Imperfections and Pre-deformed
Initial Structures

RSIMP is a powerful RSTAB add-on
module used for generating equiv-
alent imperfections (equivalent lat-
eral loads) according to Eurocode 2,
Eurocode 3, DIN 18800 or DIN 1052,
or for creating a pre-deformed ini-
tial structure in RSTAB.
Depending on the setting, RSIMP
evaluates the deformations of an
RSTAB load case, buckling modes cal-
culated by RSBUCK or eigenmodes
determined by DYNAM Basic. The
program uses the deformation, buck-
ling shape or eigenmode respectively
for the imperfection‘s orientation.
With the general stress design, you
can carry out the buckling design for
any cross-sections at the same time
when applying those generated im-
perfections in RSTAB and calculating General data with parameters for generation
them according to the second-order

analysis. considered for the exact calculation Pre-deformed Initial Structures
RSIMP allows for a quick analysis of of the inclination according to
Eurocode 3, equation (5.5) or As an alternative for equivalent later-
various imperfection cases to provide
DIN 18800 part 2, el. (205). al loads, an imperfect initial structure
the application of equivalent lateral
is often used for the calculation. This
loads in the most unfavorable direc- Equivalent imperfections can be as-
may be helpful for structures com-
tion as required in the standards. signed to single members as well as
to sets of members, which proves to posed of shells. The inclination and
be advantageous especially for precamber are represented in an RSTAB
cambers. structure that is geometrically in-
clined or precambered.
The generation results are displayed
in the table and graphic where they When using such a pre-deformed ini-
can be checked before they are trans- tial structure, RSIMP scales the node
ferred to an RSTAB load case. After deformations from load cases, buck-
the export, the main module provides ling shapes or eigenmodes by a de-
a load case that is independent of finable ordinate value and adds
RSIMP and can be adjusted, if them to the non-deformed original
necessary. structure.
Generated imperfections for members and sets of members
Generated equivalent imperfections for load case
Equivalent Imperfections
Inclination as well as camber can
be easily determined conforming to
Others
standards. Subsequently they are

transferred to the RSTAB structure.
RSIMP knows the cross-sections‘
buckling curves described in the
Eurocodes or DIN 18800 so that the
rise of the precamber can be applied
correctly without great efforts.
In the same way, the reduction fac-
tors ah and am or r1 and r2 can be
73
RSBUCK
Effective Lengths, Buckling Loads, Bifurcation Load Factors
Others
Based on an eigenvalue analysis,

the RSTAB add-on module RSBUCK
determines the buckling shapes of
a structure modeled in RSTAB. The
program calculates for each mem-
ber the structure-specific buckling
lengths and loads including the re-
spective critical load. The critical
load factor for the entire structure
is displayed additionally.
The results from RSBUCK can be used

for further stability checks such as
the flexural buckling design according
to EN 1993-1-1 in the add-on module
STEEL EC3. The buckling shapes can
also be used for the generation of
equivalent imperfections with RSIMP.
Features Definition of calculation parameters
A
utomatic import of structural data
and boundary conditions from RSTAB RSBUCK is distinguished by an easy forces imported from RSTAB or enter
handling, clear data arrangement new values manually.
O
ptional consideration of tension
and a great user friendliness. With Furthermore it is possible to create
force effects
only a few mouse clicks you can de- various RSBUCK cases so that you can
 Import of axial forces from RSTAB fine the number of buckling shapes carry out several analyses each with
load cases or of user-defined speci-
to be calculated as well as the load different boundary conditions.
fications
case that is to be considered. The The results of the buckling analysis
M
ember by member output of structural data and boundary condi- are represented in clearly structured
buckling lengths L around weak tions available in the selected load tables and descriptive graphics. In
and strong axis with corresponding case are imported automatically. this way a quick and reliable results
buckling length coefficients K Alternatively you can edit the axial evaluation is guaranteed.
M
ember by member listing of
standardized buckling shapes Graphical representation of a buckling shape in 3D rendering
B
uckling case related output of crit-
ical load factor for entire structure
G
raphic and animated visualization
of buckling shapes on the rendered
model
 Identification of members free of

compression forces
T
ransfer of buckling lengths, rele-
vant buckling coefficients and buck-
ling shapes in other RSTAB add-on
modules for designs according to
Eurocode 3 or DIN 18800 (e.g. flex-
ural buckling) or for creating RSTAB
imperfections automatically
74
SUPER-RC
Superimposing Results of Different Structures (Construction Phases)
The RSTAB add-on module
SUPER-RC facilitates the challenge
to consider construction phases
with varying structural and loading
conditions as they may occur in
bridge construction or in other
specific fields of civil engineering.
In the modeling process, you create

a base structure in the same project
but under different structure names.
It is then modified according to the
construction progress. For defining
the super combination, you take into
account the various structures with
the individual construction or opera-
tion phases. The loads are superim-
posed in a similar way as for com-
mon RSTAB result combinations.
Different construction and operation
phases may have different geometric
boundary conditions: The structure is
supported differently, members may
have been added or removed. When
determining internal forces, SUPER-
RC imports the results of the relevant Superposition of internal forces from different positions
structures and superimposes them
according to the combination crite- The combination criteria define the When the structure‘s relevant load
ria. The program compares the re- load cases, load or result combina- cases have been included in the su-
sults by means of member and node tions of a particular structure that per combination, you can integrate
numbers. In case that members have you want to consider. It is possible to further load cases from another
different lengths, SUPER-RC scales the scale the load cases by factors and to structure (next construction or opera-
internal forces to a standard length classify them as permanently or con- tional position) in the same way.
first before they are superimposed. ditionally acting.
For an alternative analysis of diffe-
Results of two load cases and enveloping super combination rent structures, you can superimpo-
se, for example, the envelopes of the
respective governing result combina-
tions as an Or superposition.
SUPER-RC provides the following
standards: Eurocode, DIN 18800,
DIN 1045, DIN 1045-1, DIN 1052,
ÖNORM, DIN 1055-100. It is possible
to adjust or extend these standards.
Others
The results of the superposition are

displayed numerically and graphical-
ly as envelope and can be integrated
into the printout report accordingly.
In addition, many RSTAB add-on mo-
dules allow for the subsequent de-
sign of a super combination.
75
SHAPE-THIN
Cross-Section Properties and Stress Analysis
Thin-Walled
The stand-alone module SHAPE-THIN

is a powerful tool for determining
the cross-section properties and
stresses of any thin-walled
cross-section.
The main programs RSTAB and RFEM
can interact with the module so that
the cross-section properties determi
ned by SHAPE-THIN are available in
the framework or FEM program. It is
also possible to import internal forces
from RSTAB or RFEM for further
design.
Data can be entered in the graphic
or table. A DXF import is also possi-
ble. In addition, the module can be
controlled by using a special external
COM interface.
Determination of effective cross-section properties according to EN 1993-1 with classification
- Location of shear center yM, zM hear stresses t due to shear for

-S
- Warping constants IωC, IωM or IωD ces as well as primary and second-
- Max./min. section moduli Sy, Sz, Su, ary torsional moments
Sv, SωM with indication of position quivalent stresses seqv with stress
-E
in cross-section as well as St ratio of allowable stress
- Section ranges ru, rv
S
hear wall section properties of
- Reduction factor lM non-connected cross-sections with

 Plastic section properties: indication of forces from bending
- Axial force Npl,d and torsion
Import of a DXF template
-S hear forces Vpl,y,d, Vpl,z,d, Vpl,u,d, Vpl,v,d P
lastic calculation with determina-
Determination of Cross- - Bending moments Mpl,y,d, Mpl,z,d, tion of enlargement factor apl
Section Properties and Mpl,u,d, Mpl,v,d C
ross-section classification according
Stresses - Section moduli Zy, Zz, Zu, Zv to EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1999-1-1 as
 Possible cross-section shapes - Shear areas Apl,y, Apl,z, Apl,u, Apl,v well as check of c/t limits according
Open, closed, connected or non- - Area bisection coordinates fu, fv to DIN 18800
connected partial cross-sections - Inertia ellipse C
alculation of effective cross-
(e.g. cores of high-rise buildings) S
tatical moments and warping sections according to EN 1993-1-1,
S ection properties: statical moments: EN 1999-1-1 and DIN 18800
- Cross-sectional area A -S tatic moments Qu, Qv with indi-
Cross-section library
- Shear areas Ay, Az, Au, Av cation of maxima as well as posi-
- Centroid position yC, zC tion and direction of shear flow
- Moments of inertia Iy, Iz, Iyz, Iu, - Warping ordinates ωM
Iv, Ip, IpM - Warping areas Qω,M
- Radii of gyration iy, iz, iyz, iu, iv, ip, ipM - Cell areas Am
- Inclination of principal axes a
 Stresses:
- Cross-section weight G
- Section perimeter U ormal stresses sx due to axial
-N
- Torsional constants J, JSt. Ven., JBredt, force, bending moments and
Jsecondary warping bimoment
76
Library cross-section with point elements
The cross-sections are modeled by

means of nodes, single or polygonal Shear wall system
elements, arcs and point elements. In
addition, parameterized rectangular
A
ccess to material properties, yield
and circular hollow sections as well and limit stresses of an extendable
as a comprehensive library offering library
rolled and welded cross-sections are
available. O
ption to define yield stress and
limit stresses depending on mem-
Due to the use of point elements, ber thickness
cross-sections can be modeled accu-
S
tress analysis for primary and sec-
rately. Elements like roundings, rec-
ondary torsional moments as well
tangles, circles or triangles can be
as warping bimoments Short form printout of combined cross-section
added or removed. Even the rolled
cross-sections from the library al- C
alculation of ideal cross-section
ready provide appropriate point ele- properties for cross-sections con- SHAPE-THIN also can check (c/t) limit
ments. sisting of different materials values, the program provides for
a complete design. The (c/t) cross-
Elements can be divided or graphi- O
ption to select particular table
section parts of continuous elements
cally connected to other elements or rows for display
are recognized automatically.
cross-sections. SHAPE-THIN is able D
ata exchange with MS Excel for
to divide the elements automatical- You can access the cross-sections
table import and export
ly ensuring, by means of dummy ele- calculated by SHAPE-THIN from
P
rintout report with option for a RSTAB and RFEM as well as from all
ments, that the shear flow won‘t be
short form printout on one page add-on modules. In addition to the
interrupted.
relevant cross-section properties, the
E
xport of printout report in RTF file
programs import the cross-sectional
or to BauText
geometry so that the cross-section
The plastic stress design considering can be visualized appropriately
plastic interactions is carried out ac- in the RSTAB or RFEM rendering.
cording to the Simplex method. The
yield hypotheses can be selected ac-
cording to Tresca or von Mises. As
Plastic resistance with interaction: normal stresses sx, plastic normal stresses sx,pl Thin-Walled
Composite cross-section
Features
M
odeling of roundings by using arc
elements
C
ontrollable treatment of overlaps
for calculation
O
ption to divide cross-sections into
elements and to arrange elements
in groups as cross-sections
 Import of member internal forces

from RSTAB and RFEM
77
SHAPE-MASSIVE
Cross-Section Properties, Stress Analysis and
Solid
Reinforced Concrete Design

The stand-alone program SHAPE-
MASSIVE determines cross-section
properties of massive cross-sec-
tions. In addition, it is possible to
perform a general stress analysis
or reinforced concrete design ac-
cording to the following standards:
 N 1992-1-1
E
 DIN 1045-1
 DIN 1045
 ÖNORM B 4700
The cross-sections for SHAPE-MASSIVE
are available in RFEM and RSTAB using
the same cross-section library. Of
course, it is also possible to import
internal forces from RSTAB or RFEM
in SHAPE-MASSIVE for further design.
Bridge section with concrete and steel strains
-P
lastic section moduli Wy,pl, Wz,pl, areas (reinforcements). In addition, a
Wu,pl, Wv,pl with factors apl DXF interface is integrated to import
S
tress analysis: geometrical data.
- Normal stresses sx due to axial
force and bending moments
- Shear stresses t due to shear
Section of pre-stressed concrete

forces and torsional moment
- Equivalent stresses seqv (yield
Cross-Section Properties and hypotheses from Mises or Tresca)
Designs including comparison with limit
S
ection properties: stress
- Cross-sectional area A R
einforced concrete design:
- Shear areas Ay, Az with and with- - Stresses s and strains e for
out transversal shear concrete and reinforcements
- Centroid position yS, zS - Calculation for state of failure
- Moments of inertia Iy, Iz, Iu, Iv, Iyz, Ip (design safety) or for available
- Torsional constant It internal forces
- Radii of gyration iy, iz, iyz, iu, iv, ip - Position of neutral axis
- Inclination of principal axes a - Curvatures ky, kz Specifications for reinforcement bar
- Cross-section weight G - Determination of required rein-
- Cross-section perimeter U forcement according to priorities Stress points can be arranged auto-
- Location of shear center yM, zM You can model all cross-sections freely, matically or individually. A compre-
- Warping constants IωS, IωM using shapes defined by polygonal hensive and extendable material
- Max./min. section moduli Wy, Wz, surfaces including cutouts and point library facilitates the modeling of
Wu, Wv with indication of position composite cross-sections.
in cross-section Equivalent stresses of a casing section
Finally, SHAPE-MASSIVE allows you to
- Torsional section modulus Wt
- Stability parameters rM,u, rM,v, control the curtailment of reinforce-
ru,Kindem, rv,Kindem, rω,M ments by specifying limit diameters
- Prandtl stress function F and priorities. In addition to the con-
- Warping function ω crete cover it is possible to take into
- Inertia ellipse account prestress.
78
CRANEWAY
Crane Girder Analysis According to Eurocode 3,
DIN 4132 and DIN 18800

CRANEWAY is a stand-alone pro-
gram and designs crane runway
girders. For a design according to
EN 1993-6 it is possible to select
the crane type (overhead or trave-
ling crane).
The following designs are possible:
S
tress design for crane runway and
welds
A
nalysis of fatigue behavior and
fatigue design for crane runway
and welds
 Deformation analysis
P
late buckling design for wheel
load introduction
S
tability analysis for lateral-torsional Input of crane parameters and crane loads
buckling according to second-order

analysis for torsional buckling Imperfections loads according to EN 1993-6
Applying imperfections follows the or DIN 18800-3.
Geometry first eigenmode that is assigned
You define beam length, supports, either automatically or manually for
stiffeners, material (S235 - S460) and each load combination. For scaling
cross-sections. eigenmodes CRANEWAY provides
The following cross-section types are comfortable tools (rise of precamber).
available: Calculation
 I-shaped rolled sections can be Based on particular crane positions,
combined with angle irons or chan CRANEWAY generates load cases and
nel sections as well as rail or splice result combinations with correspond-
using customized dimensions. ing partial safety factors. The calcula Combinatorics in CRANEWAY
U
nsymmetrical I-sections also with tion is carried out according to second-
angle irons or C-sections and rail order analysis for torsional buckling. Analysis for Fatigue
or splice A stability analysis against lateral- The fatigue design is performed
torsional buckling is performed, in for up to three cranes operating
Actions addition to stress design, by consid- at the same time, based on the con-
Actions of up to three cranes operat ering imperfections. For the deforma- cept of nominal stress according to
ing at the same time can be consid tion analysis, fatigue design as well EN 1993-1-9.
ered by the program. In the simplest as determination of support forces
When fatigue is analyzed in accord
case, you select a standard crane further result combinations are cal-
ance with DIN 4132, CRANEWAY re-
from the library, but specifications culated with characteristic values,
cords the stress curve of crane pas-
can also be entered manually. considering relevant dynamic coeffi
sages for each stress point to evalu-
cients. The calculation also includes
N
umber of cranes and crane axes ate data according to the Rainflow
the buckling design, taking into
(maximum: four per crane), center method.
account local introduction of wheel
distances, position of crane buffers Analysis results are arranged in
Steel
C
lassification into lifting class and Deformations and diagram of internal forces tables, sorted by different topics.
exposure category In addition to the work window
V
ertical and horizontal wheel loads showing the RSTAB/RFEM model,
due to self-weight, lifting capacity, the window for result diagrams can
mass forces from drive as well as be used for graphical evaluations
skewing and design documentation.
79
COMPOSITE-BEAM
Composite Beam Design According to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1
Composite
COMPOSITE-BEAM is a stand-alone
program and allows for the design
of continuous composite beams
according to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1.
The structure and load data is enter
ed in clearly arranged tables. When
starting the calculation, the static
system including all boundary condi-
tions and loads is generated in RSTAB.
Thus, a reliable calculation of internal
forces is ensured considering even
the ideal cross-section properties.
The program analyzes internal forces
and carries out all relevant designs
according to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1 in
connection with DIN V ENV 1992-1-1
and DIN V ENV 1993-1-1.
The results are displayed in tables,
too. Based on the required designs,
Results for shear connection with intermediate values
these tables are clearly arranged,
which makes the navigation easier
C
ross-sections varying over beam Internal Forces
when evaluating results.
length with and without concrete C
alculation of cross-section proper-
Checking the input and evaluating encasement ties according to method 1 or 2
the results is supported by 3D visuali-
R
einforcement of flange and en- C
alculation of elastic internal forces
zation. All graphics can be integrated
casement varying over beam length with RSTAB
in the printout report for documenta-
tion purposes. P
rofile stiffeners, square and round  Redistribution of moments
openings in web
Structure Input Ultimate Limit State
S
ingle-span and continuous beams
Load Input D
esign for bending and shear force
with definable boundary conditions
 F ree definition of concentrated, lin- resistance with interaction
(supports, releases)
ear and linearly variable loads as P
artial shear connection with duc-
A
utomatic determination of effec-
fixed and variable loads, specifying tile connectors
tive cross-sections
concrete age on loading D
etermination of required shear
C
onstruction supports for con
C
onsideration of freely definable connectors and their distribution
struction stage can be freely
construction loads as well as mov- D
esign for longitudinal shear force
arranged
able construction loads resistance
 Cross-sections of composite beams
 Automatic load combination O
utput of governing support reac-
 F loor structure as
tions for construction and compo-
- Cast-in-place concrete
site stage including loads of con-
- Cast-in-place with haunch
struction supports
- Pre-cast concrete slab with in-situ
concrete flange  Design for lateral torsional buckling
- Profiled steel sheeting with in-situ
Serviceability Limit State
concrete
 Limitation of crack widths
R
olled cross-sections and singly
symmetrical welded I-sections of  Check of natural frequency
RSTAB cross-section library D
eformations and initial precam-
C
ross-sections of class 1 and 2 with bering determined by the ideal
plastic designs, cross-sections of cross-section properties from creep
class 3 and 4 with elastic designs Graphic of reinforcement and shear connectors and shrinkage
80
RX-TIMBER
 Glued-laminated Beam
 Continuous Beam

 Purlin
The stand-alone programs
RX-TIMBER Continuous Beam,
RX-TIMBER Purlin and RX-TIMBER
Glued-laminated Beam are used
for the design of multi-span and
glued-laminated beams with
regard to the ultimate and the
serviceability limit state as well
as to fire protection.
The designs are performed
according to
E
urocode 5 (EN 1995-1-1 including
various NAs)
 DIN 1052:2008-12
Features of Glulam Type and properties of a glued-laminated beam

D esign for the following beam
types: Generators allow for a comfortable Features of Continuous
- parallel beam creation of different wind and snow Beam/Purlin
- monopitch roof beam load cases according to EN 1991 or
- duopitch roof beam with straight D
esign of single-span and continu
DIN 1055.
bottom chord ous beams as well as hinged girder
The loads are represented graphically systems (Gerber) with or without
- curved beam
and combined automatically accord cantilevers
- duopitch roof beam with inclined
ing to EN 1990/EN 1995 or DIN 1055/
bottom chord and constant or  Automatic load determination
DIN 1052.
variable height  Vibration design
- fish beam For the serviceability limit state
design, it is possible to define limit C
alculation of coupling elements
H
andling of unsymmetrical beams in coupling zone (nails, specific
values of deformations. Optionally,
with or without cantilevers dowels, bolts or free selection)
you can consider a precamber for
O
ption to consider stiffening the beam. S
hear force reduction and moment
elements for transversal tension redistribution
For the fire resistance design, the
M
aterial library for both standards program allows for detailed specifi A
llocation of framework to service
as well as for roof structure loads cations like determining the cross- classes and specification of service
E
asy geometry input with useful section sides where charring occurs. class categories
graphics
D
etermination of support forces Design overview with display of design details
and deformations
 Info icon for successful or failed
design
 L ink to MS Excel and controllable
via COM interface
Timber
Several variations are available for

selection when modeling the beam.
Entering geometry data is facilitated
by images showing the relevant
modifications immediately.
A comprehensive and extendable
material library makes the input
of all permanent loads easier.
81
RX-TIMBER
Column
Timber

 Frame
 Brace
 Roof
The stand-alone programs
RX-TIMBER Column, RX-TIMBER
Frame, RX-TIMBER Brace and
RX-TIMBER Roof are used to design
timber columns, frames, bracings
or roofs with regard to their ulti-
mate and serviceability limit state
as well as to fire protection.
The designs are performed
according to:
E urocode 5 (EN 1995-1-1 including
various NAs)
 DIN 1052:2008-12
Features of Column Type and boundary conditions for a brace
D
esign of rectangular and round
columns P
rintout report with all required de- E
ccentricities and displacements,
signs prepared for test engineer user-defined or selected from avail-
D
esign of hinged columns and
E
asy modeling of frames due to dy- able database
brackets with or without elastic end
restraints namic graphics N
on-linear calculation in RX-TIMBER
to take into account non-linearities
A
utomatic determination of effec
tive lengths for buckling and lateral Features of Brace of materials, with manual definition
D
esign of symmetric and asymmet of number of load increments, load
torsional buckling
steps etc.
 L oad input considering class of load ric roof bracings
duration and service class as well as M
onopitch, duopitch and curved Features of Roof
eccentricities roof available as roof shapes D

esign of rafters existing in roof
Features of Frame D
efinition of steel diagonals and structure
posts, comprehensive cross-section A
utomatic load generation for dif-
D
esign of symmetrical or asymmet
ric frames as well as of half-frames database is provided ferent roof shapes
D
ovetailed frame joints with or  Import of equivalent loads and ge- C
alculation in all three limit states
without intermediate piece ometrical data from RX-TIMBER (load bearing capacity, serviceability,
D
etailed definition options con Glulam fire protection)
cerning building and frame geome-
Design overview for a frame with intermediate results
try for load determination
A
utomatic calculation of buckling
lengths
A
utomatic generation of wind and
snow loads
D
XF interface to create production
documents in CAD
 L ist of designs indicating relevant
texts in standards
D
etermination of support forces
and deformations
D
etailed setting options for fire
protection design
82
Designed with Dlubal Software...
Dragon Flight, X-Train Flying Launch Coaster,
Product Overview
Ningbo, China
In many industrial sectors, China is
the future market. This is also the
case for the entertainment field in
which the German company
Maurer Söhne is working. The roller
coaster Dragon Flight was built
for Romon U-Park, an urban theme
park in Ningbo. It is the first X-Train
Flying Launch Coaster designed by
Maurer Söhne.
The roller coaster has a length of
504 m. Its seven roller coaster ele-
ments include three inversions. The
X-train has a capacity of 20 passen-
gers. With top speeds of 90 km/h,
the train reaches up to 4.5 g (g-force)
several times.
Structural System
The base area is 113 m × 51 m. At the
Representation of design ratio for fatigue design acc. to GB 50017 (1 kN = 1 %) on 3D model
highest point of the coaster ride, which displayed in RSTAB (screen shot: Dlubal)
is called the top hat, a vertex height
of approximately 30 m is reached. The
overall structure consists of a tubular
structure with 6,201 members and
86 cross-sections.
Structural Analysis
The rail structure was calculated in
RSTAB. Both model and wheel loads
were directly imported from the dy-
namic simulation by using RS-COM.
The analysis was performed accord-
ing to Chinese and European stand-
ards, including ultimate limit state
design and fatigue design.
The German engineers accessed the
RSTAB results by using RS-COM again
for the fatigue designs. Then, the de- Building owner
Romon U-Park
sign according to EN 1993-1-9 and
www.romonupark.com
GB 50017 was carried out with post-
Structural engineering
processing programs.
and fabrication
RS-COM was used again to return Maurer Söhne GmbH & Co. KG
the results of the post-processing www.maurer-rides.de
programs to RSTAB in order to re Software
present the results graphically on Dlubal Software GmbH
the rendering of the entire model. www.dlubal.com Dragon Flight, X-Train Flying Launch Coaster (photo: Maurer Söhne)

at www.dlubal.com
83
An Overview of the Company
Since its creation in 1987, Dlubal

Product Overview
Software deals with the develop- Despite the ups and downs in
ment and service of software used the construction industry, Dlubal
for structural analysis. The main pro- Software is growing. The company
gram RSTAB was actually one of the keeps introducing innovative products
first spatial framework programs and and gaining market share, including
promptly spread in use in Germany. new customers
The young company grew very quick- worldwide.
ly. With the creation of Dlubal s.r.o.
in Prague, the cornerstone for a pow-
erful development team was laid.
During the construction boom of the
1990s, the company made signifi-
cant advances in German-speaking
countries and beyond. New program
modules were rapidly introduced, fol-
lowed by the FEM solution RFEM for
the civil engineering market.
The names Dlubal, RSTAB and RFEM
have become synonyms for structural
analysis software because of its qual-
ity and efficiency.
Dlubal Headquarter
Prague
Dlubal Headquarter
Tiefenbach
realize useful tips quickly, a team of Dlubal Software is an independent

experienced engineers, specializing in company concentrating mainly on
steel, reinforced concrete and timber the customers‘ needs rather than
The software’s recipe for success lies construction, is looking for fast following strategic plans of the
in its simple handling, allowing im- implementation. larger software market.
mediate application to current pro-
jects. Fine technical details add to
the programs’ usability. At the point
where other software programs meet
their limits, Dlubal software shows
the strength of its flexibility.
Due to a close relationship to our
customers and helpful suggestions
from our users, we are generating
practical software. In order to © lignaconsult.com

at www.dlubal.com
84
Product Overview
Some Company Details

Employees in Tiefenbach and
Leipzig (D), Saint-Denis (FR): 42
(sales, support, development)
Employees in Prague (CZ)
and Katowice (PL): 140
(development, sales)
Number of sold licenses: more than 12,000
Customers all over the world:
Germany, Austria, Switzerland, UK, France, Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Greece, Turkey, Italy, USA, Canada,
South Korea, Brazil, Peru, China, Russia, Spain, Mexico, Chile, Uruguay...
Dlubal Office
Leipzig © www.ifs-peter-partner.de
Objectives
The general conditions of software
development are changing regularly
and quickly. This is also true for
civil engineering offices where
changing standards and new
technical possibilities for structural
analysis must be accommodated.
In addition to the assurance of our
leading position in the core markets, © www.josef-gartner.de
To achieve these objectives, we are
the following objectives are of taking part in several trade fairs
primary importance: and seminars. An overview of these
T
he ever-changing building stan- E
xtending the existing program events can be seen on our website
dards in structural analysis require families according to the current at www.dlubal.com.
an international and powerful com- needs of our customers. Many engineering offices, planning
pany. Dlubal Software rises to this O
pen-sourcing our software so that agencies, companies and groups are
challenge and is implementing in- programs can be optimally imple- already using Dlubal software. Some
ternational standards as well as mented in the existing workflow of of them can be found in the refe-
Eurocodes step by step. customers. rence list at the end of this booklet.

at www.dlubal.com
85
References
Many Companies
Product Overview
Already Trust in
Dlubal Software
Nothing is more important to us than ASFINAG, A-Wien
satisfied customers. We are also proud ATP, München, Offenbach am Main,
A-Innsbruck, A-Wien
that recommendations of colleagues Audi, Ingolstadt
who already work with Dlubal soft- B&W Mechanical Handling,
ware continue to call attention to our GB-Cambridgeshire
Babcock Borsig Service, Oberhausen
programs. Perhaps you know one or Babcock Noell, Würzburg
more of the companies listed below so Balfour Beatty Rail, München
that you can try to find out first hand BASF, Ludwigshafen E.ON Engineering, Gelsenkirchen
BauCon, A-Zell am See E.ON IT, Hannover
how customers are satisfied with our Bayer Technology Services, Leverkusen EADS Deutschland, Immenstaad
software, our customer support and Bernard Ingenieure, A-Hall in Tirol EDF CNEN, F-Montrouge Cedex
the performance of programs. Bilfinger Berger, Wiesbaden Ellimetal, B-Meeuwen
Bombardier Transportation, Netphen Elu Konsult, S-Danderyd
Bosch Rexroth, Wiesbaden Ernst Basler + Partner, CH-Zürich
Companies successfully Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung, Berlin Europoles, Neumarkt
using our programs: Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Karlsruhe Fast+Epp, CDN-Vancouver (BC)
Burk-Kleinpeter, USA-New Orleans (LA) fischer Befestigungssysteme, Waldachtal,
3G Gruppe Geotechnik Graz, A-Graz China Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation, GB-Wallingford
ARCH&ART, TR-Izmir CHN-Shenzhen Fritsch, Chiari & Partner, A-Wien
Abengoa, E-Sevilla Commodore Contracting, UAE-Abu Dhabi Gauthier Consultants, CDN-Longueuil (QC)
Acht. Ziviltechniker, A-Wien DB ProjektBau, Berlin Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg, ET-Kairo,
Adviesbureau Luning, NL-HC Doetinchem DB International, Berlin IND-Navi Mumbai
Ahmadiah Contracting & Trading, KWT-Safat DB Netz, Dresden Glöckel Holzbau, A-Ober-Grafendorf
Alpi, I-Welsberg DEKRA, Berlin Gruner, CH-Basel, CH-Brugg
Alpine-Energie Deutschland, Biberach Demag Cranes & Components, Wetter Haas Fertigbau, Falkenberg, A-Großwilfersdorf,
Alstom, Stuttgart, CH-Baden, USA-Windsor (CT) Dematic, Nürnberg, Offenbach am Main CZ-Horaždovice
Amte Consulting Engineers, GR-Athen Design Institute of NPIC, CHN-Chengdu Häring Engineering, CH-Pratteln
Arborescence, F-Bourg-Saint-Maurice Deutsche Shell, Hamburg Hilti, Kaufering, FL-Schaan
ArcelorMittal, Bremen Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg Hochtief Construction, Frankfurt am Main
Areva, F-Paris Dexion Australia, AUS-Kings Park Holzbau, I-Brixen
AREVA NP, Erlangen, Offenbach am Main, IMPaC Offshore Engineering, Hamburg
FIN-Olkiluoto Kaas Industri, DK-Rodekro
K+S data process, Kassel
Krebs und Kiefer, Darmstadt
Liebherr, Biberach, Ehingen, A-Nenzing
Limträteknik, S-Falun
Linde-KCA-Dresden, Dresden
Linde, Pullach
Lloyd‘s Register, Hamburg, DK-Hellerup,
GB-London, I-Triest
MAN Diesel & Turbo, Augsburg, IND-Aurangabad
Max Bögl Bauservice, Sengenthal
Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald
MERO-SCHMIDLIN, GB-Camberley
MERO-TSK International, Würzburg
Moelven Töreboda, S-Töreboda
Novum Structures, Veitshöchheim,
USA-Menomonee Falls (WI)
OTIS, A-Wien
Pabinger & Partner, A-Krumpendorf
PERI, Weißenhorn
Quarry & Mining, UAE-Ras al-Khaimah
RAG Deutsche Steinkohle, Herne
RWE, Dortmund, Essen
SAG, Essen
Scandinavian WeldTech, Kritzmow
Schaefer Systems International, Neunkirchen,
A-Wels, CH-Neunkirch, GB-Andover,
MAL-Johor, USA-Charlotte (NC)

at www.dlubal.com
86
Tecnimont, I-Mailand
Thyssen Schachtbau, Mülheim an der Ruhr
ThyssenKrupp Anlagenservice, Oberhausen
ThyssenKrupp Elevator, E-Gijón
ThyssenKrupp Engineering, AUS-Stirling
ThyssenKrupp Fahrtreppen, Hamburg
ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik, St. Ingbert,
BR-Belo Horizonte
ThyssenKrupp GfT Bautechnik, Essen
ThyssenKrupp Robins, USA-Greenwood Village (CO)
ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Duisburg
timbatec, CH-Thun
Timmers Cranes and Steelworks,
B-Houthalen-Helchteren
TIWAG, A-Innsbruck
Universities
Thornton Tomasetti, USA-New York (NY)
TKMS Blohm + Voss Nordseewerke, Hamburg
Trebyggeriet, N-Hornnes
Trelleborg Marine Systems,
FH Aachen • RWTH Aachen • NTU Athens (GR) • FH Augsburg •
F-Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, GB-Malmesbury
HTW Berlin • TU Berlin • Ruhr-Uni Bochum • STU Bratislava (SK)
TR-ENGINEERING, L-Luxemburg
• TU Braunschweig • Mendel University Brno (CZ) • VUT Brno
Trimo, SLO-Trebnje
(CZ) • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (B) • IS Engenharia Coimbra (P)
Tuchschmid, CH-Frauenfeld
• BTU Cottbus • Damascus University (SYR) • TU Darmstadt •
TÜV Austria, A-Wien
TU Dortmund • TU Dresden • FH Düsseldorf • Uni Duisburg-Essen
TÜV Hessen, Darmstadt
• FH Frankfurt am Main • FH Joanneum Graz (A) • TU Graz (A) •
TÜV Nord, Hamburg, Hannover
TU Hamburg-Harburg • Leibniz Uni Hannover • UT Gheorghe Asachi
TÜV Pfalz, Kaiserslautern
Iasi (RO) • Uni Innsbruck (A) • FH Kärnten (A) • TU Kaiserslautern
TÜV Rheinland, Köln
• Uni Kassel • TU Košice (SK) • EPFL Lausanne (CH) • HTWK
TÜV Süd, Dresden, Filderstadt, Leverkusen,
Leipzig • Uni Leipzig • IST - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (P) •
Mannheim, München
IST Luxembourg (L) • Uni Luxembourg (L) • HS Luzern (CH) • OvG-
Tyréns, S-Stockholm
Uni Magdeburg • HTL Mödling (A) • ITESM Monterrey Campus
Umdasch, A-Amstetten
Tampico (MX) • TU München • Uni der Bundeswehr München •
Unger Stahlbau, A-Oberwart
FH Münster • University Of Nebraska (USA) • FH Nordwestschweiz
Vattenfall Europe Information Services, Berlin
(CH) • UWB Pilsen (CZ) • FH Potsdam • CTU Prag (CZ) • Princeton
Vector Foiltec, Bremen, GB-London
University (USA) • HS Rapperswil (CH) • Riga TU (LV) • Uni Rostock
Votec Systems, NL-TR Oud Gastel
• FH Salzburg (A) • Instituto Politécnico de Setubál (P) • Universidad
Waagner Biro, A-Wien
de Sevilla (E) • Uni Siegen • Uni Stuttgart • Szczecin University Of
Werkraum Wien, A-Wien
Technology (PL) • PMU Thanjavur (IND) • Democritus University
Werner Consult, A-Wien
Of Thrace (GR) • U. Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (P) • Instituto
Westinghouse Electric Germany, Mannheim
Politécnico de Viseu (P) • Bauhaus-Uni Weimar • HTL Wien (A)
WGG Schnetzer Puskas, CH-Basel
• TU Wien (A) • Uni für angewandte Kunst Wien (A) • Uni für
Wiecon, RC-Taipei
Bodenkultur Wien (A) • Bergische Uni Wuppertal • Universidad de
WIEHAG GmbH, A-Altheim
Zaragoza (E) • University of Žilina (SK)
WSP, CHN-Shanghai, FIN-Helsinki, S-Lulea
...and more than 5,000

Würth, A-Böheimkirchen
Yuanda, CHN-Shenyang, CH-Basel
other users worldwide
Schmidlin-TSK, CH-Aesch
Schöck Bauteile, Baden-Baden, NL-Apeldoorn
Schroeder & Associes, L-Luxemburg
SFS intec, CH-Heerbrugg
SGS Germany, Hamburg
SGS-TÜV, Sulzbach
Shell Global Solutions, Gummersbach
Siemens, Erlangen, Nürnberg, A-Wien, CZ-Prag
Siemens Power Engineering, IND-Haryana
Siemens VAI, Willstätt, A-Linz
spannverbund, Waldems-Esch, L-Roedt
SPX Cooling Technologies, Ratingen, B-Brüssel
Stella & Stengel und Partner, A-Wien
Stow International, B-Hasselt
87
Get to know us Upgrades
Would you like to know more about RFEM You are already using RFEM or RSTAB?
and RSTAB? Ask for a free trial version
Get the program upgrade.
without obligation or use the download
option at www.dlubal.com. Please contact us or order online
at www.dlubal.com.
With the trial version you can learn more
about our programs, get acquainted with
the handling and calculate structural systems.
See for yourself how easy it is to work with
Dlubal software.
If you need help with the first
Service Contracts Technical Support
steps with RFEM and RSTAB, go to Customer service is one of the main corner Our technical engineers are available to
www.dlubal.com/en/for-beginners.aspx stones of the Dlubal company mission. all customers whenever there is a question
where you can find introductory examples The interest in our customers does not end about Dlubal programs. Just send your
and tutorials, videos and webinars, manuals at the point of sale. We offer additional question by e-mail or fax. The questions
and information about our service contracts. support if it is needed for your daily work. will be answered in the order received and
If you are looking for the answer to a par only after enquiries of customers having
With a service contract your questions
ticular question, browse the FAQ page, a service contract have been completed.
will be taken care of with highest
visit the Dlubal blog or follow us on social The extent and speed of response depend on
priority and you get upgrades at
networks where you can find numerous tips the type of service contract you have purchased.
better rates.
and tricks as well as solutions for everyday
For more information about our service We welcome any feedback you may
problems occurring in many engineering of-
contracts, contact us directly or visit our have on our products. Your comments
fices. We would also be happy to advise you
website at www.dlubal.com. and suggestions for improvements are
directly by phone or video call.
important to us.
You also have the possibility to participate
in our free webinars, where we give you
insight into the operation of our software,
show you new features and can discuss
questions in detail.
In order to purchase the full version Further
of the software, use our Webshop
on www.dlubal.com or contact Information:
our service team which will be
glad to assist you in putting Dlubal Software GmbH
together your individual Am Zellweg 2, D-93464 Tiefenbach
program package. Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0
Fax: +49 9673 9203-51
www.dlubal.com
info@dlubal.com
Follow us on:
Dlubal Software GmbH Structural Analysis and Design Software

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Structural Analysis and Design Software

Dlubal Software GmbH

Download the current

Dlubal Software GmbH Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0 www.dlubal.com

Main Programs and

Download the current Product Overview

2. Main Program RSTAB 70 3.1 Thin-Walled Cross-Sections SHAPE-THIN 76

Download the current Product Overview

FEA Analysis for Plates, Walls, Shells, Solids

RFEM is used to define structural sys-

RFEM user interface with navigator, graphic and table (© www.ibehlenz.de)

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

programs in one central place due

RF-/STEEL is one of the add-on

Detailed representation of stresses on the cross-section

The add-on module RF-STEEL used

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

The design situations according to program performs, in addition to

Moreover, for the tension analysis

All material and cross-section pro­

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

 Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

 Material library according to ASTM

determine the buckling load and

Details for stability analysis

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Degrees of freedom and eccentricities of nodal supports in sets of members

checking the deformation

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

The design results are listed in results

as angle irons and double angles

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

used and described in the standard

standard-specific design parameters. influence of a general calculation

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

(South African Standard)

Working with RF-/STEEL NBR

The RSTAB/RFEM library already con-

The add-on module RF-/STEEL Plastic

Taking into account the interaction

set but can be adjusted. represented graphically or in tables.

shear and combined internal forces

Download the current product overview at www.dlubal.com

The fatigue design according to

on the available stress points of the

Download the current product overview at www.dlubal.com

the el-pl design in RF-/LTB)

tion point on cross-section

Input of boundary stresses with load import option

Features eccentrically connected to the plate. be free.

Download the current product overview at www.dlubal.com

 Design of tapered members tions of cracking sections). For

 Iterative non-linear design consi-

mentation options when creating re-

Reinforcement group with specifications for longitudinal reinforcement

support widths and types (direct or

Download the current product overview at www.dlubal.com

 Numerical result values can be add-

(Based on Nominal Curvature)

Download the current product overview at www.dlubal.com

of punching shear complete the data

Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 7

All material and cross-section pro

 Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

 Material library according to ASTM

 Design of tapered members tions of cracking sections). For

 Iterative non-linear design consi-

 Numerical result values can be add-

 Databases for vertical, horizontal

the steel column for all connections. members according to EN 1993-1-8.

 Seamless integration in RSTAB/RFEM

- DIN 4149:2005-04 (Germany)  Input of user-defined response G

using different load types is possi-

The structure’s stability risk is re