ME2100 Applied Thermal Engineering - Jan - May 2018

Tutorial 3.1: Rankine Cycle

1. A small power plant produces steam at 3 MPa, 600°C in the boiler. It keeps the
condenser at 45°C by transferring out 10 MW as heat. The first turbine expands the
steam to 500 kPa. This is followed by reheat and expansion in the second turbine.
Determine (a) the reheat temperature so that the low pressure turbine output is a
saturated vapor, (b) the total power produced, the thermal efficiency, exergy
destroyed and the second law efficiency. You may assume that the heat is supplied
from a reservoir at 600°C and the heat is rejected to the ambient. The isentropic
efficiency of the turbine(s) may be taken to be 90 percent. [400°C, 5072.67 kW,
33.65%, 4853 kW, 53%]

2. A power plant with one open feedwater heater has a condenser temperature of
45°C, a maximum pressure of 5 MPa and a boiler exit temperature of 900°C.
Extraction steam at 1 MPa is mixed with the feed water line so that the state at entry
into the second pump is a saturated liquid. Find the fraction of the extraction mass
flow rate and the second law efficiency of the feedwater heater assuming that there
is no heat loss to the ambient. The turbine and the pumps may be assumed to be
isentropic. [0.1658, 60.4%]

3. Calculate, for the power plant described in Problem 2, the specific work produced,
the thermal efficiency and the second law efficiency. [1665.5 kJ/kg, 46%, 63%]

4. A closed feedwater heater in a regenerative steam power cycle heats 20 kg/s of

water from 100°C, 20 MPa to 250°C, 20 MPa. The extraction steam from the turbine
enters the heater at 4 MPa, 300°C and leaves as saturated liquid. Determine the
required mass flow rate of the extraction steam and the second law efficiency of the
feedwater heater. Heat loss to the ambient may be neglected. [7.05 kg/s, 84.14%]

5. Repeat Problem 3, but replace the open feedwater heater with a closed one. The
feedwater leaves the heater at the saturation temperature corresponding to the
extraction pressure. The saturated liquid condensate from the heater is pumped into
the boiler. [1666.088 kJ/kg, 46%, 63%]

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 ME2100 Applied Thermal Engineering - Jan - May 2018
Tutorial 3.2: Otto, Diesel, Dual Cycles

1. At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Otto cycle, p1 = 100
kPa, T1= 298 K and V1 = 400 cm3. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 2000 K
and the compression ratio is 8. Determine (a) the heat addition, (b) the net work, (c)
the thermal efficiency, (d) mean effective pressure (e) exergy destroyed and (e) the
second law efficiency for the cycle. Assume that the heat is supplied from a source
at the maximum temperature and that the heat is rejected to the ambient.

2. Repeat Prob. 1 by assuming that the isentropic compression and expansion

processes are each replaced by polytropic processes with n = 1.3.

3. At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Diesel cycle, p1 =

100 kPa, T1 = 298 K and V1 = 0.016 m3. The maximum temperature in the cycle is
1290 K and the compression ratio is 15. Determine (a) the heat addition, (b) the net
work, (c) the thermal efficiency, (d) mean effective pressure (e) exergy destroyed
and (e) the second law efficiency for the cycle. Assume that the heat is supplied
from a source at the maximum temperature and that the heat is rejected to the
ambient.

4. At the beginning of the compression process of an air standard Dual cycle, p1 = 100
kPa and T1= 298 K. The ratio is 9. The heat addition per unit mass of air 1400 kJ/kg
with one half of this added at constant volume and the remaining half at constant
pressure. Determine (a) the heat addition, (b) the net work, (c) the thermal efficiency,
(d) mean effective pressure (e) exergy destroyed and (e) the second law efficiency
for the cycle. Assume that the heat is supplied from a source at the maximum
temperature and that the heat is rejected to the ambient.

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 ME2100 Applied Thermal Engineering - Jan - May 2018
Tutorial 3.3: Brayton Cycle

1. Air enters a gas turbine at 100 kPa, 300 K. The air is optimally compressed in two
stages to 1200 kPa with intercooling between the stages to 300 K. The turbine inlet
temperature is 1400 K and the expansion occurs optimally in two stages with
reheating to 1340 K between the stages. A regenerator with an effectiveness of 80
percent is also present. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine
stages are respectively 87 and 85 percent. The net power developed is 2.5 MW.
Determine (a) mass flow rate of air, (b) the thermal efficiency, (c) exergy destroyed
and (e) the second law efficiency for the cycle. Assume that the heat is supplied
from a source at the maximum temperature and that the heat is rejected to the
ambient.