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UNSOLICiTED
SWAB AND SURGE PRESSURES IN NON-NEWTONIAN flUIDS
O. ./!. ~
Abstract
In thi s study, a computer was used to sol ve the equati ons of 1ami nar flow
in annular spaces exhibiting axial relative motion between the walls, for
both Bi ngham and Power Law fl ui ds. Resul ts are expressed in both tabul ar
and graphical form, and cover all situations likely to be encountered in
the fiel d.
For Power' Law fl ui ds, equati ons of flow and the; r exact sol uti ons are pre-
sented for flow behavior index values of 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5. An
equivalent clinging constant ;s derived, which depends on annular geometry,
flow behavior index and the ratio of actual fluid displacement to the maxi-
mum or closed-pipe displacement.
Introduction
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
2'
site tool joints and protectors. If communication exists between the pipe-
bore and annulus, the proper distribution of flow must also be calculated.
Dimensionless Variables
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
3
iTR4 P
Power Law' Fl uf d
z =1 A2 s Z =A A2 s
<Pp =f (z - -) dz - f (-
z
- z) dz ( 1)
z =A Z z = k
p= 1 z = 1 A-2 s
Q =2 f p f (z - -)
z dz dp
p =A z =p
p = A- z= p :\2 s 2 2
+ 2 f p f (-z - z) dz dp + <P ( A - k ) (2)
p =k z= k P
Q = __v__ k2 ~
and v p
( 3)
max
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
4,
Thus, there are three equati ons in the unknowns cP, 0, and A. Exact
p
forms of the integrals in the equations (1) and (2) are given in Appendix
B, for integer val ues of s cpfrom 1 through 5. Sol utions are presented in
Table 1 as values of ls + 1) in terms of s, k and v v
(1 - k) max
(4)
81 ngham F1 ui d
A+ - T 2
2A+(A+ - To) 1n (~ A+ k 0) - 1 + 2T 0 (1 - A+ ) + (T 0 + k) + 2~ P =0 (5)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
5'
(4)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
6
drop must exceed the pressure required to 'overcome gel strength, which is a
function of the time the mud has remained stationary.
Conclus1on
Ri gorous sol uti on of the equati ons govern; ng flow in an annul ar space wi th
axial re1~tive wall motion gives an improved method for finding the contri-
bution of fluid friction to swab and surge pressures ;n Power Law and Bing-
ham fluids. It;s seen that in Bingham fluids and in pseudoplastic Power
Law fl ui ds, previ ous methods usi ng Newton; an cl; ngi ng constant have gi ven
somewhat inflated results.
Provided that proper allowance is made for all other factors contributing
to downhole pressure surges, this paper provides a basis for more exact
calculation of such surges. An accurate mathematical model is of great
importance because of the effect of pressure surges on operati onal safety
and success, and because direct real-time measurement by downhole telemetry
devices is not currently possible.
Nomenclature
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
7
Acknowledgement
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
8.
References
2 Schuh, F.J., "Computer Makes Surge-Pressure Cal cul ations Useful", Oil
and Gas Journal, August 3, 1964, pp 96-104.
3 Fontenot, J.E. and R.K. Clark, nAn Improved Method for Calculating
Swab and Surge Pressures and Circulating Pressures in a Drilling
Well", S.P.E. Journal, October 1974, pp 451-462.
5 Melrose, J.C., J.G. Savins, W.R. Foster, and E.R. Parish, "A Practical
Uti 1 i zati on of the Theory of Bingham Pl asti c Flow in Sta ti onary
Pipes and Annul;", Petrol eum Transactions, A1ME, 213, 1958, pp
316-324.
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
9 /'
Table 1
Values of
(1 _
• + 11
I}S for a Power Law Fl ui d
s =1 k ...
v .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 ,.7 .8 .9
vmax '"
0.0 -.8647 -.6440 -.5389 -.4756 -.4329 -.4021 -.3787 -.3603 -.3455
.1 -.8605 -.6342 -.5225 -.4514 -.3987 -.3542 -.3109 -.2603 -.1834
.2 -.8563 -.6247 -.5072 -.4295 -.3694 -.3165 -.2638 -.2038 -.1249
.3 -.8522 -.6154 -.4927 -.4097 -.3442 -.2861 -.2290 -.1674 -.09464
.4 -.8481 -.6065 -.4790 -.3916 -.3222 -.2610 -.2024 -.1421 -.07620
.5 -.8441 -.5978 -.4660 -.3750 -.3028 -.2400 -.1813 -.1234 -.06377
.6 -.8401 -.5893 -.4538 -.3598 -.2857 -.2221 -.1641 -.1091 -.05483
.7 -.8361 -.5810 -.4421 -.3458 -.2703 -.2066 -.1500 -.09770 -.04809
.8 -.8322 -.5730 -.4311 -.3328 -.2566 -.1932 -.1381 -.OR848 -.04282
.9 -.8283 -.5652 -.4206 -.3208 -.2442 -.1814 -.1279 -.08086 -.03859
1.0 -.8245 -.5577 -.4105 -.3096 -.2329 -.1710 -.1191 -.07444 -.03513
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
10.,
s =2 k ...
v ~ .1 .2 ,3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 ~9
vmax
0.0 -1.5356 -.8417 -.6106 -.4953 -.4263 -.3803 -.3476 -.3232 -.3043
.1 -1.5121 -.8135 -.5767 -.4541 -.3757 -.3171 -.2662 -.2134 -.1434
.2 -1.4895 -.7874 -.5468 -.4200 -.3369 -.2733 .... 2175
-.1614 -.09550
.3 -1.4676 -.7632 -.5202 -.3912 -.3061 -.2409 -.1846 -.1304 -.07180
.4 -1.4464 -.7406 -.4964 -.3664 -.2808 -.2158 -.1607 -.1095 -.05759
.5 -1.4259 -.7195 -.4750 -.3449 -.2596 -.1956 -.1425 -.09454 -.04810
.6 -1.4061 -.6997 -.4555 -.3260 -.2417 -.1791 -.1280 -.08320 -.04130
.7 -1.3869 -.6811 -,,4377 -.3092 -.2261 -.1652 -.1163 -.07432 -.03619
.8 -1.3684 -.6636 -.4213 -.2942 -.2126 -.1534 -.1066 -.06716 -,,03220
.9 -1.3503 -.6471 -.4063 -.2806 -.2007, -.1432 -.09843 -.06127 -.02901
1.0 -1.3329 -.6315 -.3924 -.2684 -.i901 -.1344 -.09142 -.05634 -.02640
s =3 k ....
v ~ .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -2.5156 -1.0601 -.6832 -.5171 -.4251 -.3672 -.3276 -.2989 -.2772
.1 -2.4258 -.9966 -.6236 -.4551 -.3569 -.28R9 -.2340 -.1814 -.1179
.2 -2.3432 -.9415 -.5751 -.4084 -.3100 -.2411 -.1855 -.1338 -.07733
.3 -2.2670 -.8932 -.5347 -.3716 -.2754 -.2082 -.1548 -.1068 -.05785
.4 -2.1964 -.8503 -.5005 -.3417 -.2485 -.1840 -.1334 -.08914 -.04629
.5 -2.1307 -.8121 -.4710 -.3169 -.2269 -.1651 -.1174 -.07663 -.03861
.6 -2.0695 -.7776 -.4452 -.2958 -.2091 -.1500 -,,1050 -.06727 -.03312
.7 -2.0123 -.7464 -.4225 -.2777 -.1941 -.1376 -.09503 -.05997 -.02901
.8 -1.9586 -.7180 -.4023 -.2619 -.1812 -.1272 -.08685 -.05413 -.02581
.9 -1.9082 -.6920 -.3842 -.2479 -.1701 -.1183 -.08000 -.04933 -.02324
1.0 -1.8607 -.6681 -.3679 -.2355 -.1604 -.1107 -.07418 -.04532 -.02114
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It
s =4 k +
v ~ .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -3.6601 -1.2715 -.7481 -.5362 -.4251 -.3576 -.3128 -.2811 -.2575
01 . . 3.4260 -1.1556 -.6569 -.4515 -.3393 -.2655 -.2090 -.1579 -.1000
.2 -3.2242 -1.0622 -.5888 -.3935 -.2863 -.2156 -.1617 -.1142 -.06497
.3 -3.0481 -.9850 -.5355 -.3508 -.2496 -.1833 -.1333 -.09042 -.04844
.4 -2.8929 -.9200 -.4925 -.3176 -.2223 -.1602 ... 1139 -.07515 -.03870
.5 -2.7549 -.8643 -.4569 -.2910 -.2010 .... 1428 -.09982 -.06444 -.03225
.6 -2.6312 -.8159 -.4268 -.2691 -.1839 -.1290 -.08896 -.05646 -.02765
.7 -2.5197 -.7735 -.4010 -.2506 -.1697 -.1179 -.08032 -.05027 -.02421
.8 -2.4186 -.7359 -.3786 -.2348 -.1577 -.1086 -.07329 -.04533 -.02153
.9 -2.3264 -.7023 -.3588 -.2210 -.1475 -.1008 -.06740 -.04128 -.01939
1.0 -2.2419 -.6721 -.3413 -.2090 -.1386 -.09405 -.06242 -.03791 -.01764
s =5 k +
v ~ .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -4.8316 -1.4641 -.8036 -.5518 -.4248 .... 3499 .... 3011 -.2671 -.2422
.1 -4.3668 -1.2821 -.6775 -.4442 -.3225 -.2456 -.1890 -.1398 -.08692
.2 -3.9935 -1.1462 -.5908 -.3769 -.2653 -.1949 -.1433 -.09966 -.05602
.3 -3.6862 -1.0401 -.5269 -.3301 -.2278 -.1636 -.1170 -.07841 -.04166
.4 -3.4283 -.9547 -.4773 -.2951 -.2008 -.1418 -.09947 -.06496 -.03324
.5 -3.2082 -.8842 -.4376 -.2678 -.1802 -.1257 -.08681 -.05559 -.02769
.6 -3.0180 -.8248 -.4049 -.2457 -.1639 -.1132 -.07718 -.04864 -.02373
.7 -2.8517 -.7740 -.3774 -.2275 -.1506 -.1031 -.06956 -.04328 -.02077
.8 -2.7049 -.7299 -.3539 -.2121 -.1395 -.09476 -.06337 -.03900 -.01847
.9 -2.5743 -.6912 -.3336 -.1989 -.1300 -.08776 -.05822 -.03550 -.01663
1.0 -2.4571 -.6570 -.3158 -.1874 -.1219 -.08177 -.05388 -.03259 -.01513
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12
Table 2
s =1 k ...
v ~ .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .• 7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.1 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629· -.4825
.2 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.3 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.4 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 - .. 3880 -.4163 - . 4411 -.4629 -.4825
.5 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.6 . -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.7 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.8 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
.9 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
1.0 -.2070 -.2690 -.3164 -.3552 -.3880 -.4163 -.4411 -.4629 -.4825
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
13-,'
s =2 k ...
V i- .1 .2 .3 .4 05 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -.09280 -.1596 -.2135 -.2588 -.2976 -.3313 -.3610 -.3874 -.4110
.1 -.09323 -.1609 -.2162 -.2632 -.3043 -.3411 -.3753 -.4088 -.4454
.2 -.09366 -.1622 -.2187 -.2671 -.3098 -.3485 -.3847 -.4200 -.4568
.3 -.09407 -.1635 -.2210 -.2705 -.3145 -.3543 -.3914 -.4270 -.4625
.4 -.09448 -.1647 -.2231 -.2736 -.3184 -.3590 ... 3965 -.4318 -.4660
.5 -.09489 -.1658 -.2251 -.2764 -.3219 -.3629 -.4004 -.4353 -.4683
.6 -.09529 -.1669 -.2270 -.2790 -.3249 -.3661 -.4036 -.4380 -.4700
.7 -.09568 -.1680 -.2287 -.2813 -.3276 -.3689 -.4062 -.4401 -.4713
.8 -.09606 -.1690 -.2304 -.2834 -.3300 -.3713 -.4084 -.4419 -.4722
.9 -.09644 -.1700 -.2319 -.2853 -.3321 -.3735 -.4103 -.4433 -.4730
1.0 -.09682 -.1710 -.2334 -.2872 -.3340 -.3753 -.4119 -.4445 -.4737
s =3 k -1-
V i- .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -.04731 -.1039 -.1550 -.2001 -.2400 -.2753 -.3069 -.3353 -.3609
.1 -.04805 -.1064 -.1600 -.2084 -.2526 -.2938 -.3336 -.3746 -.4226
.2 -.04877 -.1087 -.1644 -.2153 -.2624 -.3069 -.3500 -.3937 -.4412
.3 -.04947 -.1108 -.1684 -.2214 -.2705 -.3169 -.3613 -.4053 -.4505
.4 -.05015 -.1129 -.1721 -.2267 -.2773 -.3246 -.3696 -.4131 -.4561
.5 -.05081 -.1148 -.1754 -.2314 -.2830 -.3311 -.3761 -.4188 -.4598
.6 -.05145 -.1167 -.1785 -.2356 -.2880 -.3364 -.3812 -.4231 -.4625
.7 -.05208 -.1184 -.1814 -.2394 -.2924 -.3409 -.3855 -.4265 -.4645
.8 -.05269 -.1201 -.1841 -.2429 -.2963 -.3448 -.3890 -.4293 -.4661
.9 -.05328 -.1217 -.1866 -.2460 -.2997 -.3482 -.3920 -.4315 -.4674
1.0 -.05386 -.1232 -.1890 -.2489 -.3029 -.3512 -.3945 -.4334 -.4684
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
14·
s =4 k ....
v
vmax + .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
0.0 -.02796 -.07359 -.1194 -.1620 -.2009 -.2361 -.2681 -.2973 -.3238
.1 -.02886 -.07680 -.1261 -.1733 -.2183 .. ,,2618 '-.3052 -.3514 ':'.4071
.2 -.02972 -.07976 -.1319 -.1826 -.2315 -.2792 -.3267 -.3760 -.4308
.3 -.03055 -.08249 -.1371 -.1905 -.2421 -.2921 -.3412 -.3907 -.4425
.4 -.03134 -.08504 -.1418 -.1973 -.2508 -.3021 ..;..3518 -.4006 -.4495
.5 -.03210 -.08743 -.1460 -.2033 -.2581 -.3102 -.3600 -.4077 -.4542
.6 -.03284 -.08968 -.1499 -.2086 -.2644 -.3170 -.3665 -.4132 -.4575
.7 -.03355 -.09181 -.1535 -.2133 -.2699 -.3226 -.3717 -.4174 -.4601
.8 -.03424 -.09382 -.1568 -.2176 -.2747 -03275 -.3762 -.4210 -.4621
.9 -.03491 -.09573 -.1599 -.2216 -.2790 -,,3318 -.3799 -.4237 -.4636
1.0 -.03555 -.09756 -.1628 -.2251 -.2829 -.3355 -.3831 -.4261 -.4649
s =5 k ....
v + .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
v max
0.0 -.01859 -.05560 -.09614 -.1357 -.1729 -.2073 -.2390 -.2682 -.2951
.1 -.01956 -.05933 -.1041 -.1495 -.1944 -.2390 -.2847 -.3345 -.3960
.2 -.02047 -.06269 -.1110 -.1606 -.2101 -.2597 -.3101 -.3633 -.4233
.3 -.02134 -.06576 -.1170 -.1698 -.2224 -.2747 -.3270 -.3803 -.4367
.4 -.02216 -.06860 -.1223 -.1776 -.2325 -.2863 -.3392 -.3918 -.4448
.5 -.02295 -.07123 -.1271 -.1844 -.2409 -.2956 -.3486 -.3999 -.4501
.6 -.02370 -.07370 -.1315 -.1904 -.2481 -.3033 -.3560 -.4061 -.4540
.7 -.02443 -.07601 -.1355 -.1958 -.2543 -.3098 -.3621 -.4110 -.4569
.8 -.02513 -.07820 -.1392 -.2007 -.2598 -.3154 -.3671 -.4148 -.4591
.9 -.02581 -.08027 -.1426 -.2051 -.2647 -.3202 -.3714 -.4180 -.4610
1.0 -.02646 -.08224 -.1458 -.2091 -.2690 -.3244 -.3750 -.4207 -.4624
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
15·
Table 3
Bp = -1 k +
v ., .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vrnax
0.0 .2643 .1871 .1420 .1099 .08478 .06379 .04550 .02909 .01404
.1 .2631 .1846 .1383 .1052 .07904 .05726 .03845 .02201 .008095
.2 .2620 .1823 .1348 .1008 .07410 .05203 .03338 .01777 .005716
.3 .2609 .1800 .1316 .09689 .06979 .04772 .02953 .01492 .004421
.4 .2598 .1778 .1285 .09328 .06599 .0'4410 .02649 .01286 .003605
.5 .2588 .1756 .1256 .08995 .06260 .04100 .02403 .01131 .003044
.6 .2577 .1735 .1228 .08686 .05955 .03832 .02199 .01009 .002633
.7 .2567 .1715 .1202 .08400 .05680 .03598 .02027 .009109 .002321
.8 .2556 .1695 .1177 .08133 .05430 .03391 .01880 .008302 .002075
.9 .2546 .1676 .1153 .07884 .05202 .03206 .01753 .007627 .001875
1.0 .2536 .1657 .1130 .07650 .04993 .03041 .01643 .007053 .001711
02/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
16-
Bp = -5 k +
v ~ .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 .5633 .4416 .3558 .287.0 .,2281 .1756 .1277 .D828B .04.052
.1 .5615 ,,4376 ,,3494 .2784 .2175 .1632 .1139 •.06858 • .02772
.2 .5598 .4337 .3435 .2707 .2.083 .1531 .1.036 ,.05919 • .02145
.3 .5581 .43.0.0 .338.0 .2636 .2.0.02 .1446 •.09527 • .05227 • .01754
.4 .5564 .4264 .3327 .2572 .193.0 .1371 .• .08837 • .04688 • .01486
.5 .5548 .423.0 .3278 .2512 .1864 .13.05 .08249 • .04253 •.01289
.6 .5532 .4197 .3231 .2455 .18.03 .1246 • .07739 • .03895 • .01138
.7 .5516 .4133 .3186 .2403 .1748 .1193 • .07292 • .03593 • .01019
.8 .55.01 .4133 .3144 .2353 .1696 .1145 • .06896 • .03335 • .0.0923.0
.9 .5486 .41.03 .31.03 .23.06 .1648 .11.0.0 • .06543 .03112 •.0.08433
1• .0 .5471 .4.074 .3.063 .2261 .16.02 .1.06.0 • .06225 .02917 • .0.07762
B
P
= -1.0 k +
v 1- .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0 •.0 .6639 .5399 .4452 .3652 .294.0 .2288 .1677 .1.096 •.05392
.1 .6622 .5359 .438A .3565 .2832 .216.0 .1535 .09473 • .04.027
.2 .66.05 .532.0 .4329 .3488 .274.0 .2057 .1428 • .08468 .03297
.3 .6588 .5284 .4275 .3418 .2658 .1970 .1340 .07696 • .02805
.4 .6572 .5249 .4224 .3354 .2585 .1892 .1265 • 07.071 • .02446
.5 .6556 .5216 .4176 .3294 .2518 .1823 .120.0 • .06549 • .0217.0
.6 .6541 .5184 .4130 .3239 .2457 .1760 .1143 .06104 .01951
.7 .6526 .5154 •.4087 .3186 .2399 .17.03 .1.091 .05719 • .01773
.8 .6511 .5124 .4045 .3136 .2345 .165.0 .1.045 .05382 .01625
.9 .6497 .5095 .4006 .3089 .2295 .1601 .10.02 .05.083 .01500
1.0 .6483 .5068 .3967 .3044 .2247 .1555 • .09633 .04817 • .01392
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
17
BP = -50 k ..
v ... .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 .8021 .6865 .5855 .4924 .4042 .3195 .2372 .1568 .07783
el .8007 .6832 .5805 .4856 .3959 .3098 .2265 .1457 .06757
.2 .7994 .6804 .5762 .4801 .3893 .3025 .2188 .1383 .06153
.3 .7981 .6778 .5723 .4752 .3836 .2963 .2125 .1323 .05692
.4 .7969 .6754 .5688 .4708 .3786 .2908 .• 2069 .1272 .05317
.5 .7958 .6731 .5656 .4668 .3739 .2858 .2020 .1226 .05000
.6 .7948 .6710 .5625 .4630 .3697 .2813 .1974 .1186 .04726
.7 .7937 .6689 .5597 .4595 .3657 .2770 .1932 .1149 .04485
.8 .7927 .6670 .5570 .4561 .3619 .2730 .1893 .1115 .04270
.9 .7918 .6651 .5544 .4529 .3583 .2693 .1857 .1084 .04078
1.0 .7909 .6633 .5519 .4499 .3549 .2657 .1822 .1055 .03904
Bp = -100 k ..
v
vmax + .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
0.0 .8332 .7215 .6203 .5247 .4327 .3433 .2557 .1695 .08431
.1 .8320 .7188 .6160 .5191 .4259 .3354 .2470 .1605 .07614
.2 .8309 .7164 .6125 .5146 .4206 .3296 .2410 .1547 .07130
.3 .8298 .7143 .6095 .5108 .4162 .3248 .2348 .1500 .06752
.4 .8289 .7124 .6068 .5074 .4123 .3205 .2317 .1459 .06437
.5 .8280 .7106 .6042 .5042 .4087 .3166 .2278 .1423 .06164
.6 .8271 .7089 .6019 .5013 .4054 .3131 .2242 .1390 .05924
.7 .8263 .7074 .5997 .4986 .4023 .3098 .2208 .1359 .05708
.8 .8255 .7059 .5976 .4960 .3993 .3066 .2177 .1331 .05512
.9 .8248 .7044 .5956 .4936 .3965 .3036 .2148 .1305 .05332
1.0 .8241 .7031 .5937 .4912 .3939 .3008 .2120 .1280 .05167
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18, .
Table 4
Bp = -1 k +
v ,.7
vmax + .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 .9
0.0 -.1789 -.2454 -.2958 -.3367 -.3711 -.4007 -.4264 -.4492 -.4694
.1 -.1792 -.2461 -.2969 -.3385 -.3736 -.4041 -.4311 -.4556 -.4786
.2 -.1794 -.2468 -.2980 -.3400 -.3755 -.4064 -.4338 -.4584 -.4806
.3 .... 1797 -.2474 -.2990 -.34r3 -.3771 -.4082 -.4355 -.4598 -.4814
.4 -.1799 -.2480 -.2999 -.3424 -.3784 -.4095 -.4367 -.4606 -.4818
.5 -.1802 -.2485 -.3007 -.3434 -.3794 -.4105 -.4375 -.4612 -.4820
.6 -.1804 -.2491 -.3015 -.3443 -.3803 -.4113 -.4381 -.4616 -.4821
.7 -.1807 -.2496 -.3023
D2/541AT127
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19·"
BP =-5 k ;.-
v + .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -.1420 -.2083 -.2593 -.3010 -.3363 -.3667 -.3933 -.4168 -.,.4377
.1 -.1428 -.2103 -.2628 -.3064 -.3441 -.3775 -.4082 -.4377 -.4682
.2 -.1435 -.2122 -.2659 -.3109 -.3499 -.3847 -.4166 -.4465 -.4753
.3 -.1443 -.2139 -.2687 -.3147 -.3545 -.3899 -.4220 -.4513 -.4781
.4 -.1450 -.2156 -.2712 -.3179 -.3583 -.3939 -.4257 -.4542 -.4795
.5 -.1457 -.2171 -.2735 -.3207 -.3614 -.3969 -.4284 -.4562 -.4803
.6 -.1463 -.2186 -.2756 -.3232 -.3640 -.3994 -.4304 -.4575 -.4809
.7 -.1470 -.2199 -.2775 -.3254 -.3662 -.4014 -.4320 -.4585 -.4812
.8 -.1476 -.2212 -.2792 -.3273 -.3681 -.4031 -.4332 -.4593 -.4815
.9 -.1482 -.2225 -.2808 -.3291 -.3697 -.4044 -.4342 -.4598 -.4816
1.0 -.1488 -.2237 -.2823 -.3306 -.3712 -.4056 -.4350 -.4602 -.4818
Bp = -10 k ;.-
v
vmax + .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
0.0 -.1264 -.1907 -.2405 -.2815 -.3163 -.3463 -.3727 -.3960 -.4169
.1 -.1275 -.1936 -.2455 -.2892 -.3274 -.3618. -.3940 -.4260 -.4607
.2 -.1285 -.1962 -.2499 -.2954 -.3355 -.3718 -.4057 -.4384 -.4709
.3 -.1295 -.1985 -.2537 -.3006 -.3418 -.3790 -.4132 -.4452 -.4752
.4 -.1305 -.2008 -.2571 -.3049 -.3469 -.3844 -.4184 -.4494 -.4775
.5 -.1314 -.2028 -.2601 -.3087 -.3510 -.3886 -.4222 -.4523 -.4788
.6 -.1323 -.2047 -.2629 -.3120 -.3545 -.3919 -.4250 -.4543 -.4797
.7 -.1331 -.2066 -.2654 -.3149 -.3575 -.3947 -.4273 -.4558 -.4803
.8 -.1340 -.2083 -.2677 -.3175 -.3601 -.3970 -.4291 -.4569 -.4807
.9 -.1348 -.2099 -.2698 -.3198 -.3623 -.3989 -.4305 -.4578 -.4810
1.0 -.1356 -.2114 -.2717 -.3219 -.3643 -.4006 -.4318 -.4585 -.4812
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
20.
Bp = -50 k +
v .4 .5 .6 .7 .8
vmax + .1 .2 .3 .9
0.0 -.09856 -.1566 -.2020 -.2396 -e2717 -.2996 -.3241 -.3460 -.3657
.. 1 -.1005 -.1619 -.2114 -.2540 -.2923 -.3279 -.3627 -.3990 -.4416
.2 -.1023 -.1664 -.2189 -.2645 -.3058 -.3443 -.3814 -.4189 -.4588
03 -.1040 -.1703 -.2251 -.2728 -.3158 -.3555 -.3932 -.4299 -.4665
.4 -.1055 -.1738 -.2304 -.2796 -.3236 -.3638 -.4014 -.4369 -.4709
.5 -.1070 -.1770 -.2350 -.2853 -.3299 -.3704 -.4074 -.4418 -.4736
.6 -.1084 -.1800 -.2392 -.2902 -.3353 -.3756 -.4121 -.4454 -.4754
.7 .... 1097 -.1827 -.2429 -.2945 -.3398 -.3799 -.415R -.4481 -.4767
.8 -.1109 -.1852 -.2463 -.2984 -.3437 -.3835 -.4188 -.4502 -.4777
,,9 -.1121 -.1875 -.2493 -.3018 -.3471 -.3866 -.4213 -.4519 -.4785
1.0 -.1132 -.1897 -.2522 -.3049 -.3501 -.3893 -.4234 -.4532 -.4790
Bp = .. 100 k -+-
v ... .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
vmax
0.0 -.09024 -.1456 -.1889 -.2250 .... 2557 -.2825 -.3061 -.3272 -.3461
.1 -.09266 -.1521 -.2006 -.2427 -.2808 -.3168 -.3524 -.3900 -.4348
.2 -.09480 -.1574 -.2093 -.2549 -.2964 -.3354 - .. 3735 -.4122 -.4541
.3 -.09675 -.1619 -.2164 -.2642 .... 3076 -.3480 -.3866 ·.4245 -.4630
.4 -.09853 -.1660 -.2224 -.2718 -.3163 -.3573 -.3957 -.4324 -.4680
.5 -.1002 -.1696 -.2276 -.2782 -.3234 -.3645 -.4025 -.4379 -.4713
,,6 -.1017 -.1728 -.2322 -.2837 -.3293 -.3703 -.4077 -.4420 -.4735
.7 -.1032 -.1758 -.2363 -.2884 -.3343 -.3751 -.4119 -.4451 -.4751
.8 -.1046 -.1785 -.2400 -.2927 -.3386 -.3792 -.4153 -.4476 -.4763
.9 -.1059 -.1811 -.2434 -.2964 -.3424 -.3826 -.4181 -.4495 -.4772
1.0 -.1071 -.1835 -.2465 -.2998 -.3457 -.3856 -.4205 '-.4511 -.4779
D2/541AT127
Figure 1. Velocity Profile, Power Law Fluid
.'.
\"
r;
......1-------- R
......- - - - A ... R
~~--AR--- ....
t t
(1
•1 .2 •3 •4 .5 .6 •7 .8 .9 1
ANNULUS DIAMETER RATIO, Ks
FIGURE 4. POWER LAW FLUID, S == 3 .
-.5
•
0
~
I-
- -.4
Z V/Vmax-O
a:
I-
(f)
z -.3
0
U
19
z -.2
H
19
Z
H
-1 -. 1
u
•
o
o •1 .2 .3 .4 •5 .6 .7 .9 1
ANNULUS DIAMETER RATIO, K.
FIGURE 5. POWER LAW FLUID. S = 4.
-.5
0
~
~ -.4
r-
z
a:
r- V/Vmax"O
(J)
z -.3
0
U
19
zH -.2
19
Z
H
-1 -. 1
u
o
•1 .2 •3 •4 .5 .6 •8 •9 1
o
o •1 .2 .3 •4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1
ANNULUS DIAMETER RATIO, K.
FIGURE 7. BINGHAM FLUID. Bp ::: -1.
-.5
•
0
~
... -.4
l-
Z
a:
I-
m -.3
z
0
U
t9
z -.2
H
19
Z
H
.-l -. 1
u
o
o •1 •2 .~ .4 •5 •6 .7 .8 .9 1
ANNULUS DIAMETER RATIO, K.
FIGURE 8. BINGHAM FLUID, 8p = -58
-.5
.4•. 2 •.
V/Vmax=O
... -.4
I-
z
IT:
I-
m
z -.3
o
u
~ -.2
H
19
Z
H
-1
u -. 1
o •1 •2 •3 •4 .5 •6 •7 •8 .9 1
o
o •1 .2 .3 •4 .5 .6 .7 .8 1
ANNULUS DIAMETER RATIO, K.
FIGURE 10. BINGHAM FLUID. 8p = -50.
-.5
0
:y::
... -.4
I-
Z
a:
I-
m -.3
z
0
U
<.!J
z -.2
H
<.!J
Z
H
-1 -. 1
u
o
o •1 •2 .3 •4 .5 •6 .7 .8 .9 1
u--.J -.1
o
o •1 .2 .3 •4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1
ANNULUS DIAMETER RATIO, K.
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
21-
Appendix A
F1 ow of Power Law Fl ui ds
\ PR l,2
T = 2 (--p - p) (A-2)
For a Power Law fluid, shear rate is related to shear stress by:
y = (~)s
m
for T ) 0 (k ( p ( A) (A-3)
y = _(:!)S
m
for T ( 0 (A ( p ( 1) (A-4)
••• ~ = ~p + Iz
z =
= kp A2 s
(-Z - z) dz (k ( p ( A) (A-6)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
22-
2
u = (PR)
Tm
sRI Z = 1
z =P
(z _, ~) s dz
Z
(A ( p ( 1) (A-7)
•
• • , = Iz
Z =
= P1 A2)S dz
(z - Z- (A ( p <: 1) (A-B)
Z =1 ( ,2 s _ I z -, ,2 _ ) s dz
'p I
= z:: A Z -
1\)
z dz
- 1\ (_1\
z = k z z ( 1)
Q = 2nR2 = kI
IPp = UP dp (A-g)
_-. n =2 fP
P
=
=k
I ~p dp (A-IO)
p =1 z =1 :\2 S
+ 2 Ip = A P Iz = p (z - z ) dz dp (A-I1)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
23· -
• n 2 Jpp --= 1A p f zZ =1 A2 s dz dp + 2
( Z - --) J P -
-A p JZ -- p (A2
--Z - z )S dz dp
• •
2
=P Z P =k z =k
(2)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
24 ..
Appendix B
The following expressions are obtained by integrating equations (I) and (2)
for integer values of s from 1 through 5:
For s = 1,
For s = 2,
(B-4)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
25,
For s = 3,
(8-5)
(8-6)
For s = 4,
(B-7)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures 1" Non-Newtonian Fluids
26
For s = 5,
(B-9)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
27 _
Appendix C
F1 ow of 81 nghall F1 ui ds
PR ).2
t
=--z (-
p
- p ) (A-2)
PR ,,2
t
0
=2 (r- "-) (C-l)
PR ,,2
-t
0 = -Z (r - A+) (C-2)
+
(C-3)
The radi us of zero shear stress is therefore the geometri c mean of the
boundaries of the plug flow region.
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
28
From <C-l L.
(C-5)
Substituting (C-4),
T0=+
A --
A (C-6)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
29, "
(C-7)
y =0 (C-8)
for T " -T
o
(C-9)
2 =p A2 A2
u = up + PR JZ (- - Z + A - r) dz (p " A_) (C-I0)
~z =k z
).2
• • ~=~ p +Jz=P
• (--z-T) dz (p " A.J (C-ll)
z =k z a
PR 2 f Z = p A2 A2
u = '2i1 Z =1
(- - Z + A - r ) dz (p ;. ).+J ,(C-12)
llo Z + +
.• . cfJ=Jz=P
Z
(
A2
= 1 z- - z + T0 ) dz (p ;;. A+) (C-13)
Equati ng dimensi on1 ess vel oc; ti es at the boundari es of the pl u9 flow re-
gion,
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonf an Fl uf ds
3D"
Z = A_ 12 Z = A+ A2
<t- P + f z = k (r - Z - To) dz :1 Iz =1 (z - z + To) dz ( C-14 )
+ (T
o + k)2 + 2<t- p =0 (5)
Q = 2nR2 IpP =
= k1 u p dp (A-9)
••• G = 2 JPp =
= k1 <t- p dp (C ... 15)
+2J P :1
P =A P Jzz = P A2
=1 z -
(-- z + T0 ) dz dp (C-16)
+
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian F1uids "
3f
T
+ 0 (2A _ T )3 _ ~ k2 (6)
17 + 0 P
D2/541AT127
· . Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids
32·""
Appendix 0
(8-1)
(8-2)
~p (1 - k2) 2
- 2 1n k - ~p k (D-l)
2
For a stationary annulus, A
o
2 In k + (1 - k )
2
=0 (B-1,~ with •p = 0 )
(D-2)
D2/541AT127
Swab and Surge Pressures in Non-Newtonian Fluids ...
33'
(4)
D2/541AT127