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Harvard referencing

There are two parts to a Harvard reference. The in-text citation and the
detailed references.

In-text citations: Each time you refer to someone else’s work in your assignment,
you need to include the author’s name and the date of their work within your text
at the point where you discuss their ideas. This is called citing the author’s work.

References: Full bibliographic details for each work you have used, or cited, are
given in the reference list at end of your assignment. The reference list enables
people to understand what information you have cited and to help them find the
original work if they wish to.

The reference list contains details of all the things you have cited in your piece of
work arranged alphabetically by author.
Acknowledged  Anglia Ruskin University Library (2013) have produced a useful guide to
Harvard referencing which states: “There are two parts to a Harvard
reference. The in-text citation and the detailed references.

“In-text citations: Each time you refer to someone else’s work in your assignment,
you need to include the author’s name and the date of their work within your text
at the point where you discuss their ideas. This is called citing the author’s work.

“References: Full bibliographic details for each work you have used, or cited, are
given in the reference list at end of your assignment. The reference list enables
people to understand what information you have cited and to help them find the
original work if they wish to.

“The reference list contains details of all the things you have cited in your piece of
work arranged alphabetically by author.”
Anglia Ruskin University Library, 2013, Harvard System of Referencing Basic Concepts [online guide]. Available at:
https://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm [Accessed 28 June 2015].
It has been suggested that photographs provide
evidence, incontrovertible proof, that something
happened (Sontag, 1977).
In-text citation

Sontag, S., 1977. On Photography. London: Penguin Books

Detailed reference
Title (always in italics) Publisher

Sontag, S., 1977. On Photography. London: Penguin Books

Surname Initial Date of publication City of publication (followed by a colon:)

The detailed reference always follows the same format.


Special cases: Direct quotes

When you include a direct quote, you must also include the page
number in your in-text citation and use quotation marks.

Sontag writes: (1977, p.5) “Starting with their use by the Paris
police in the murderous roundup of Communards in June 1871,
photographs became a useful too of modern states in the
surveillance and control of their increasingly mobile populations.”
Special cases: Online articles In-text citation

Writing in the Guardian (2004), Eric Homberger states: Sontag


dismissed Leni Reifenstahl in 1975, after the photographer had put in
decades of work on her rehabilitation - all of which were ruined by the
cool brilliance of Sontag's analysis of the allure of fascism.

Homberger, E., 2004. Susan Sontag, the Guardian, available online


https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/dec/29/guardianobitu
aries.booksobituaries [Accessed 9 July 2018].

Detailed reference
In-text citation
Special cases: YouTube videos

The Most Beautiful Shots in Movie History (2016) shows clips from
some of the most influential cinematographers in recent history.
Detailed
reference
The Soloman Society, 2016. The Most Beautiful Shots In Movie History,
[online film] Available from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBasQG_6p40 [Accessed 9 July 2018].

Originator, Year. Title, [Type of resource] Available from: web address [Accessed date].
Special cases: Acts of Parliament

Title of the Act and year (chapter number of the act; abbreviated to ‘c.’).
Place of publication: Publisher.

e.g. Environment Act 2005 (c. 25). London: The Stationery Office
At the end of your assignment, list all of your references, in
alphabetical order, in a bibliography:

Bibliography
Berne, E., (1964) Games People Play – The Basic Hand Book of Transactional Analysis. New York: Ballantine Books

Bruner, J., (1960) The Process of Education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Kolb, D., (1984) Experiential Learning. Eaglewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hal

Maslow, A.H., (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review 50 (4) 370–96. Available from
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm [Accessed 6 June 2015]

Roger, C., (1994) Freedom to Learn. (3rd Edition), New York: Prentice Hall.

Sontag, S., 1977. On Photography. London: Penguin Books


Useful guides to Harvard referencing from
Anglia Ruskin University:

Simple: https://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/files
/QuickHarvardGuide2018.pdf

Detailed: https://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/files
/Harvard_referencing_201718.pdf

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