1.4. Karakteristik Bangunan & Sistem Ac - Untag

LG Air Conditioning Academy
Building Characteristics and

Air Conditioning System
Air Conditioning Academy
Introduction
Key words : Understand air conditioning methods for each

types of architectural process & building usage. Be familar
with regulations related to architectures.
Basic terms: Air conditioning, Air conditioning & heating load,

HVAC System, Static pressure, AHU
Building Charecteristics and A/C System Copyright 2010@LG Electronics / AC Company All Rights Reserved 1
3. Characteristics for each type of building
Process의 Map 이미지
Characteristics of
each type of building
1.1 Residential Facility 1. Residential
Classification &Characteristics of Facility Building(Collective Residential Standard)
General Residential complex

Apartment Apartment
☞ Definition &Characteristics ☞ Definition &Characteristics

① Collective Residence where many households live in the ① A combination of the Commercial Facility(generally 2~4floors)
same building with over 5 floors. & Residential Facility(generally over 5floors)
② Widely spread, including the urban area ②Generally located in the downtown area with convenient
③ There is a neighborhood facility that offers cultural/ transportation
entertainment/convenience within the apartment area. ③ There is a neighborhood facility that offers cultural/
④ Residential law is applied. entertainment/convenience within the building
④ Architectural law is applied.
1.1.1 Division of Room based on
1. Residential
their purpose of use
Kitchen/
Dining room
Living room
• Large space that plays a pivotal role in the
• Cooking and dining area within the residential space.
Residential Facility • Multi-purpose functions such as Relaxation /
Entertainment/Reading/Dining/house chores /
• Living Dining
→ By installing the dining table in the side of living Child care/Socializing, etc.
room near the kitchen, use it as a living • Gaining importance in the Residence Designing.
room/dining room.
• Dining Kitchen
→ Installation of dining table in the kitchen, used
also as a Dining Room.
• Living-Dining Kitchen
→ Install the kitchen and the dining table in the
corner of the living room to combine all three
functions. (Living room, Kitchen and Dining
Room are all put together)
Bedroom/
Balcony Master room
• Supplementary space of living room/ • Classified as theMaster room for the

Bedroom/Kitchen located outside the married couple & bedroom for other children
unit • Space for sleep and relaxation
• Space facing the open air • Often contains a bathroom/book room if it is
• Can be used as a playground for a Master room and also used as a study
children , as a space for tanning, relaxing, space for a bedroom.
and viewing, and as a storage.
1.1.2 Load & Management Characteristics 1. Residential
Living room Characteristic of the Load

• HVAC system should operate during the evenings, which is the time for
families to gather and spend time in the living room.
• Internal heating energy is high from the electronic products& body heat
• Requires relatively high ventilation capacity
• Exterior load(sunlight & thermal conduction) through windows is large
• There is a discrepancy in the indoor temperature due to the large space
• Air conditioning & heating load increase due to the expansion of living room.
• There is a large load discrepancies for each directions and floors.
• Generally connected to the Kitchen & Dining Room
(Living-Dining Kitchen Structure)
☞ More households are expanding the living rooms to utilize the

balcony spaces as the extra spaces for the living room.
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Apply individual Air conditioning Systems, considering
different hours of operation for different rooms.
• Indoor equipments Capacity selection by considering
Electronic Products, Body heat Energy, Balcony expansions,
window side, and exterior load.
☞ Generally, to increase air freshness and sunlight exposure, • Ventilation System application &Sufficient Ventilation
living rooms are designed with all-window structure. → indoor
Capacity Selection
sunlight load increases
Characteristic of the Load

Kitchen/ Dining Room
• It is an intermittent zone in which the HVAC system operates during
the dining hours.
• Internal heating energy from kitchen appliances (microwaves, etc)
is high.
• There is large latent heat load due to foodstuffs/ body movements
• If using the Kitchen hood, indoor pressure status is negative
pressure.Continuous negative pressure adds more trouble to get rid
of contaminated air.
• Consider sufficient ventilation to get rid of food smell
• Mostly connected to nearby living room Living-Dining Kitchen)
• Be wary of indoor air contamination if applying luxurious interior
☞ Generally located close to the living room and there is an increasing design
tendency to use luxurious interior materials for the interior design (consider
the Indoor air contamination)
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Apply Individual Air conditioning System that considers
differences in driving hours of each room.
• Select Indoor equipments capacity by considering all aspects
of Kitchen tools , Body heat Energy, etc.
• Sufficient Ventilation Capacity selection to get rid of food
☞ If Kitchen Ventilation hood is used, the pressure within the kitchen is negative smell
pressure. Continuous negative pressure adds more trouble to get rid of
• Interlocked with Kitchen hood and Ventilation System
contaminated air.
Characteristic of the Load

Master Room/Bedroom
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates during the night times.
• As a relatively sealed space, indoor air contamination from architecture
and interior materials is worrisome.
• Exterior load(sunlight & thermal load) from the window sides is large.
• Minimize night-time Noise & Vibration
• Minimize the noise and vibration caused by the AC & heating equipments,
and prevent the transmission of noise from other sources.
• Heating and cooling loads increase due to the expansion of the living
room.
• If it’s a bedroom, prevent the products from being damaged by the
☞ Due to various indoor air contamination materials from the walls and children.
bedrooms, the necessity to use ventilation system that introduces
open air is emphasized.
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Apply Individual Air conditioning System that considers differences
in driving hours of each room.
• Select Indoor equipments Capacity by considering all aspects of
window-side exterior load, indoor electronic products, etc.
Indoor equipments Capacity Selection
• Ventilation Capacity Selection by considering the architecture and
interior furniture
☞ To obtain additional indoor space, balcony expansion is generally
• If it’s a duct-type, prevent the crosstalk.
applied. -> Rise of sunlight load from the window sides.
• Select ceiling-type products to prevent damage done by the children.
1.2 Definition & Classification of
Office Buildings 2. Office Building
Office facility is a facility that carries out administrative tasks for economic activities of a
General corporation and government/local organizations.
Further divided into smaller types &

Office facility usage forms
The user and owner of the building is the

Owned-Building
same.
Semi owned- There is only one tenant and only one

Building owner of the building.
The owner and user of the building are

Leased Building different.
1.2.1 Office Facility’s Space Composition 2. Office Building
Office facility’s space is composed of Office facility, Lobby/Hall, Dining Room&Arcade.
Office facility
■ Office/ Meeting room
■ Lecture &Seminar
rooms
■ Control Room for
Computers
Lobby/Hall
■ Lobby
■ Client meeting room
Dining Room/Rented
store ■ Employee Dining
Room / Big auditorium
■ Arcade / Rented store
■ Facility Management
Room
1.2.2 Characteristics of Office facility 2. Office Building
Many of the latest office facilities are high-rise buildings or skyscrapers with curtain-wall structures. They
frequently use the OA equipments, and the exterior surfaces of the buildings hold high intensity of illumination.
Extremely high-rise
CO₂concentration
is high.
All Glass Structure
Equipment/Equipment
load is large.
Perimeter radiant
heat load is large.
Human body load is large.
Lighting load is large.
1.2.3 Design Conditions to be Considered 2. Office Building
In designing the office facility, consider the owner of the architectural structure, site & surrounding environment, plan
contents & relevant regulations etc.
1) Conditions for Use 1) Weather

• About people • Yearly Temperature · Humidity·Wind
• About equipments direction·Wind speed· sunshine condition
• About usage hours Site & • Open air temperature in winter
• About the user environment Surrounding
Environment 2) Local characteristics
Client
2) Grade, Cost of Construction • Beaches, airports, etc.
• Set the Air conditioning • Site or local area’s characteristics
grade depending on the
building grade. 3) Infrastructure
3) Management
• Electric power, Gas etc.
• Self-Management Regulations • Energy Supply
• External- Management related to the Regional Air conditioning &
IntegratedElectric power Contents of the
• Individual Management of Heating Supply
BMS Decision Plan
the building
• Management for each
building 1) Plan Contents 2) Relevant regulations
• Value Energy Conservation & Safety factor • About safety factors for fire-prevention/evacuation
• Obtainment of Highly functional & refreshing environment • About quality obtainment such as indoor environment
• Obtain high flexibility and credibility and sanitation
• Economical efficiency is important (Initial cost & Running costs) • About the safety of the structure
• Long-life:, consider our planet's environmental problems • About energy saving
• About prevention of noise/ atmospheric contamination
etc.
1.2.3 Designing condition 2. Office Building
Follow the following condition for the temperature and humidity of general office rooms
that are not for multi-purpose use.
9 Office Building’s Indoor Temperature/Humidity condition
Classification Temperature Humidity
Air conditioning 26℃ 50%
Heating 22℃ 50%
9 Air refreshness of the indoor office building
Ventilation amount
Classification Ventilation amount per area
per person
General Office room 10㎥/h·㎡ 25~30 ㎥/h
Personal Office room 8㎥/h·㎡ 25~30 ㎥/h
※ Since the Meeting room has more indoor contamination due to cigarette smokes, respond by increasing
ventilation capacity.
1.2.4 Load & Management Characteristics 2. Office Building
Zoning based on load characteristics, directions, usage, driving hours etc. is

important for office facilities.
Air conditioning
Designing Point
System
Perimeter wall-side load Indoor equipments
is large. - Ceiling Cassette Type
- Built-in Duct Type
Equipment load of inner part & - Floor-fixed type
Lighting load is also large. To prevent cold draft, concurrently
run the floor fixed type & ceiling
Zoning based on load
type
characteristics( Inner Perimeter)
Zoning based on direction and Outdoor equipments

usage. - Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
Perimeter Zoning based on driving hours Ventilation

Inner Part - Electric heat exchange ventila
Office space Efficiency tion, AHU (ventilation + humidi
E.P.S- 2 P.S
회의실- 2
Maintenance(Ceiling-type Product) fication)
- Single zone constant air volume
UP
P.S
Appropriate CO₂ concentration

Maintenance
Inner Part Control
Perimeter Open-air Air conditioning Centrifugal - Individual, 16 rooms
Chiller - 64 rooms PC control
1.2.4 Load & Management Characteristics_
Standard floors 2. Office Building
For office facility, zoning by load characteristics, directions, Usage, driving hours
etc. is important.
EHP + Electric heat exchange

Ventilation
OA • Zone-based Air conditioning &

EA
heating possible
• Room-based/zone-based
Ventilation possible
• Unit-based duct working
necessary
EHP + AHU
• Room-based/zone-based
Air conditioning & heating
possible
(duct cost increases)
EA OA • Common duct working
• open air- Air
conditioning better
Lobby/Hall 2. Office Building
The all-air-system, which is suitable for the structure with larges spaces and
high ceilings, and the air-water system is favorable.
Air conditioning
Designing Point System
Open air entry prevention

Indoor equipments, AHU
(Pressurization Necessary)
- Preventing cold draft, by using the
ducts located near the outer peri
All-glass structure; radiant meter of the building and by using
heat load is large. the floor fixed type
- AHU type + duct method application
(Air Conditioning & heating + venti-
Prevention of window-side lation + Humidification)
cold draft
Air Conditioning Units
- Air EHP System
Eruption air current’s reaching - Water EHP System
distance is important
Ventilation/Humidification
- AHU application (humidification)
Flow and balance of ventilation
air are important Control
- Individual, 16 rooms
- 64 rooms PC control
Open-air Air conditioning of
centrifugal chiller
2. Office Building
Employee Dining Room
Separate the zoning between the Kitchen and the Dining Room and maintain
the indoor space with negative pressure.
Air conditioning/
Designing Point Heat Source System
Dining Room &Kitchen zoning Indoor equipments, AHU

separation - Dining Room/Kitchen – focused
zoning.
Maintain with negative pressure - High ceiling dining room over
for the indoor dining room. 4 mtr : AHU
- Dining room under 4 mtr :
built-in duct, cassette
Air flow/balance( Dining Air Conditioning Units
Room→Kitchen) - Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
Ventilation frequency is Ventilation/Humidification
sufficiently considered - Electric heat exchange Ventila
tion or AHU (humidification
Kitchen Cooking part: Air omitted))
conditioning Installation
Control
Particular(Dining hours) hours - 64 rooms, PC control
load is large.
Rented store/Arcade 2. Office Building
For leased store, it is necessary to divide the electric power system of each
space for air conditioning.
Air conditioning/
Designing Point Heat source System
Air conditioning/ Heating
equipments Installation for each AHU
store - individual unit installation for
each store
- Consider the interior/indoor
space
Indoor Lighting load is large.
- Ceiling type product better
(Cassette, duct)

internal Equipment load is large. - Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
- Electric heat exchange Ventila
Air conditioning period is long tion or AHU (humidification
omitted))
Control
No window and low sunlight load - 64 rooms, PC control
Auditorium 2. Office Building
The central AC system and the method of using individual AHU (with the use of duct),
which are suitable for large spaces with high ceilings, are preferable for the
auditoriums.
Air conditioning
Designing Point System
AHU
Large space/High-ceiling - Central Air conditioning system
Structure - The air gets supplied from the
floor and returns to the
Only the lower-level floors ceiling
are living space - Big auditorium : AHU application
- Small auditorium under 4 mt :
Air conditioning & heating concealed duct
Necessary for living area
Horizontal/Perpendicular
- Air EHP System
Temperature &Air current spread
- Water EHP System
is important
High population density
- Big auditorium :AHU (humidifi
The air gets supplied from the cation)
- Mid/small auditorium : electric
floor and returns to the ceiling.
heat exchange ventilation . AHU
(humidifation)
Sufficient Ventilation Necessary
Control
Mushroom-type Intakes - Individual, 16 rooms
- 64 rooms, PC control
1.3 Medical Building 3. Medical Building
Classification Definition Characteristics
General Hospital • Large medical facility with various medical staffs, facility and • Drop-in patients &mid/long term
latest medical equipments • Patients are targeted.
• Can accommodate more than 100 inpatients • Composed of a number of
• When there are over 300 sickbeds, have over 9 medical specialties buildings such as hospitals/
for under 300 sickbeds, have over 7 medical specialties Funeral homes
Special Hospital
• Has the equipments and medical staffs for the specialty area
• Mostly targets in-patients
and managed by personal or small-sized organization.
• Generally composed of
• Can handle over 30 in-patients
1 floors ~ 1 building
• Has 1~2 specialized area of medical care
A doctor's office
• Primary medical institution managed by individual or • Mostly targets drop-in patients.
small-scale organization. • Generally composed of
• Generally has less than 20 beds 1~2 floors
• Has 1~2 specialized area of medical care
Nursing home • Its purpose is to accommodate

the inpatients in need of
• A medical institution with facilities to take in patients and provide
long-term care.
nursing care.
• Composed of a number of
• Can handle over 30 patients for medical treatment/support.
buildings, nursing home and
special hospitals, etc.
1.3.1 Room Classification for each use 3. Medical Building
Ward
Wardsection
section
• Area to handle long-term treatment of

in admitted patients
• Composed of ICU, rooms & patient
rooms, quarantine rooms, recovery
Ward rooms, etc
section
Affiliated
AffiliatedTreatment
Treatment
Facilities
Facilities
Affiliated
Treatment • Area shared by admitted patients &
Facilities drop-in patients
• Composed of X-ray room,
physiotherapy, testing rooms, surgery
Drop-in rooms, gynecology, etc.
section
Drop-in
Drop-insection
section
• Area handling patients who commute

from home to hospital.
• Composed of the reception area,
doctor’s office (internal medicine,
surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology ,
gynecology, dermatology, dental
health) &pharmacy, etc
Drop-in section 3. Medical Building
Drop-in section_Lobby &Hall Characteristic of the Load
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for about

8 hours in every weekdays.
• High-ceiling/large space Structure
• All Glass Structure with large exterior load
• Heavy invading open air due to frequent entrance/exit as
well as indoor/outdoor temperature difference (Indoor Static
pressure maintenance is necessary)
• Hourly/daily/seasonal traffic discrepancy is large
• Lobby/Hall are sometimes used as waiting room.
☞ High-ceiling/all glass ☞ Hourly/daily/seasonal

windows traffic discrepancy is large
(Large hospital)
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Consider High-ceiling/large space/ /all glass windows
structure/ hourly traffic change etc., for system selection
• Consider windshield room/Pressurization-type AHU to prevent
invasion of open air
• Consider floor-fixed type indoor equipments to eliminate
exterior load.
• Air conditioning for occupying residents
☞ A log of open air due to frequent entrance/exit • For the space with high-ceiling, consider the facts like the
(small/medium hospital) height that can be reached by the air (Selection of the diffuser)
* AHU : Air Handling Unit
Drop-in section_Waiting Room Characteristic of the Load

• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for about 8 hours
in every weekdays.
• Hourly/daily/seasonal traffic discrepancy is large
• Occupants (live load) &Lighting heating load is large.
• Sufficient Ventilation is necessary to eliminate odors such as
disinfectants etc.(Consider preventing secondary contamination
within the hospital)
• System Selection based on luxurious indoor interior design
• Low noise/low vibration designing
☞ Luxurious indoor interior designs
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Sufficient Indoor equipments capacity must be

selected by considering occupants’ movements
for hours/seasons/days
☞ There are big discrepencies in occupancy depending on • Apply sufficient Ventilation Capacity.
\ hours/seasons/days
Drop-in section_Treatment Room Characteristic of the Load
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for about 8

hours in every weekdays.
• Heavy exterior load in winter time
(Larger load compared to waiting rooms in the inner part of
the building)
• Prevent secondary contamination within the hospital
ÆT.B. etc. treatment room: negative pressure considered
• For Orthopedics/ Hydro-therapy, consider the state of the
patient’s outfit
☞ Optimal air conditioning is necessary for treatment method in
each treatment room
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Consider exterior load elimination system if the window
area is large
• Sufficient Ventilation capacity application (contamination
treatment room should be ventilated separately)
• Apply Higher DesigningTemperature compared to waiting room.
• Consider preventing a direct exposure of diffused air current
☞ Space for doctor’s tasks/medical examinations/Relaxation, on the patient for orthopedics and Hydro-therapy.
Æ louver degree control&Diffuser location/specification
so consider low noise/low vibration of indoor equipments. selection
Ward section 3. Medical Building
Ward section_In-patients Room

And Recovery Room Characteristic of the Load
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for 24 hours.

• Due to the usage of random number of people, there is a big
discrepancy on comfortableness (Stability and comfortableness
are necessary in both emotional and physical senses)
• For large rooms, minimizing the indoor Temperature discrepancy
of left-right/top-bottom should be considered.
• Based on patient’s preference/health/outfit status and the room
location, Banquet Halldriving of centrifugal chiller Air conditioning
& heating . Banquet Halldriving may be possible
☞ Indoor Temperature discrepancy &window-side cold draft

may occur for multi-patients room.
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Individual control is necessary, considering different hours of
operation for different rooms.
• Consider Sufficient Ventilation & Humidification (AHU Ventilation/
Humidification)
• Respond to the emergency situations, such as the system breakdown,
by utilizing the dual-zoning system of the AHUs and the air
-conditioning units (When necessary, apply the floor heating).
☞ Emergency response is necessary if the system goes out • Ensure that the patient is not directly exposed to the diffusion air
of order current in sleeping hours
Æ louver degree control &Diffuser location/ Spec. Selection
Ward section 3. Medical Building
Ward section_ICU Room /

Newborn room Characteristic of the Load
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for 24 hours.
• Sufficient Ventilation & Humidification Necessary
• Indoor Static pressure is necessary to maintain cleanness
(high cleanness area)
• Indoor heating is high due to the installation of medical
equipments with large heat emissions.
• Ensure that the patient is not directly exposed to the diffused
air current.
☞ Maintenance of sufficient Ventilation/ Humidification &Indoor
cleanness are required for ICU.
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Sufficient Ventilation Capacity &Static pressure Maintenance
• Duct zoning separation with doctor's office/ halls etc.
Æ Prevent the inflow of contaminated air from nearby rooms
• Maintain cleanness through Pre filter + high-performance filter
application (Multi V AHU application)
☞ Indoor static pressure for Newborn room/ICU room. (Indoor
cleanness should be maintained.) • If necessary, apply floor heating.
* ICU : Intensive Care Unit
Affiliated Treatment Facility 3. Medical Building
Affiliated Treatment Facilities

Surgery Room Characteristic of the Load
• It is an intermittent zone in which the HVAC system

operates for 24 hours.
• Highest-cleanness maintenance is necessary
• Sufficient open air ventilation & humidity control is
necessary (Minimum of 15 times/hr. for the class over
10,000)
• Different temperature should be designed for the usage
of each surgery room.
☞ For important surgery rooms, sufficient ventilation & highest

cleanness are required.
(IndoorTemperature) ☞ In surgery rooms, different indoor
temperatures are required
30℃ 28℃ depending on the purpose of the HVAC Management Characteristics
surgery. In particular, for heart
surgery rooms, low temperature • Use a separate HVAC system for surgical rooms.
20℃ 18℃ condition below 18℃ is required. • Sufficient ventilation capacity application &static pressure
maintenance
• Through pre-management of filter + main filter application,
10℃ maintain high cleanness (Multi V AHU application)
• Different temperature should be designed for the usage of each
surgery room.
Heart surgery Pediatrics
(Surgery Room) (Surgery Room) • Additional negotiation is necessary for the bio-clean surgical
rooms and patient rooms that are classified below 1,000.
1.4 Characteristics of Different Spaces,
in the Buildings for Accomodation 4. Hotel
■ Space with multiple functions: Wedding

Hall, Large/medium/small Banquet Halls,
Hotel Assembly Halls, Recreation rooms etc.
Banquet &
Dining Roomsector ■ High-ceiling/ large space structure for
banquet places
■ All glass structure for a good view in the
lounge
■ Emphasis on the luxurious interior &
ecofriendliness
■ High traffic of people in the Entrance /
Lobby/ Lounge
Accomodation ■ Maintain as a closed space ( Noise is

sector important)
■ High air-tightness / High-insulation
■ All glass structure for a good view
■ Emphasis on the luxurious interior& eco-
friendliness
Management &
Shared sector ■ Frequent change in the internal structure
■ Rise in the usage of OA equipment.
1.4.1 Classifying the Hotel’s Class 4. Hotel
Apply superior grade air conditioning equipments for large high-class hotels and
intermediate/high grade air conditioning equipments for medium/small-type
general hotels.
Large,High-class Hotel Medium/small-type
GeneralHotel
Special 1st Grade • Room Size : Over 300 First Class
• Room Size : 100~300
• Equipments grade:
• Equipments Grade :
Superior Grade Mid/high grade
• Special-grade Hotel
• Resort Hotel, Condo
• Room Humidification
mandatory • Room Humidification is
optional
• Suite Room Air
conditioning & heating • Air conditioning &
simultaneous-driving is heating simultaneous
Special 2nd Grade necessary Second Class driving option
• Extremely-large Banquet • Medium/Small

Hall + Medium/Small Banquet Hall
Banquet Hall
• High Class Restaurant/ • General Fitness
Dining room facility
• High Class Fitness
facility • General Restaurant
• Extremely large lobby • Large Lobby
1.4.2 Hotel’s Characteristics 4. Hotel
Due to the co-existence of various spaces, hotels tend to have multiple

building characteristics.
Accomodation sector ■ Maintain as closed space ( Noise is important)

■ High air-tightness / High-insulation
■ All glass structure for good view
■ Emphasis on the luxurious internal
interior& eco-friendliness
■ Space with multiple functions: Wedding Hall,

Shared sector
Large/medium/small Banquet Halls,
Assembly halls, Recreation rooms, etc.
■ Banquet Hall should have high-ceiling/
large space structure
■ All glass structure for good view in the
lounge
■ Emphasis on the luxurious interior& eco-
friendliness
■ High traffic of people in the Entrance
/Lobby/ Lounge
Management sector ■ Frequent change in the internal structure

■ Rise in the usage of OA equipment.
1.4.2 Hotel’s Characteristics 4. Hotel
Economical efficiency &Sound-proof/ Dust-proof of equipments are important

in a hotel.
Importance of economical efficiency Operation Cost for
Equipments(%)
of equipments Labour
■ Operation cost for equipments is equivalent to costs(30%)
more than 7% of total sales profit.

■ Since the labor cost takes up over 30% of sales profits, a system that can be
easily handled by the employees is necessary.
Minimizing the size of the air conditioning equipment room is necessary

■ For commercial hotels, 5.09% of space is taken up by the equipment room
space (when Central Air conditioning is applied. )
■ For resort hotels, 3.88% of space is taken up by the equipment room space
(when Central Air conditioning is applied. )
It is necessary to prevent the transfer of vibration & Noise

■ For energy efficiency, equipments and products should be installed close
to the channels, but be careful to prevent the transfer of vibration and noise.
Room 4. Hotel
Select the HVAC system by considering the comfort of indoor spaces, harmony
with the interior, and high efficienty, etc.
General Room Designing Point Air conditioning

System
9 Room-based
Room-based Individual
control
control
Individual driving/Temperature
driving/Temperature
Indoor Equipments
- Low Static pressure duct,
9 High-efficiency
High-efficiency Air
performance
performance
Air conditioning
conditioning &
& heating
heating
Cassette, Floor-fixed type,
frame type.
- Concurrently running the floor-
Bedroom Area
9 low-noise,
low-noise, low
low vibration
vibration
fixed type and ceiling type is
desirable for cold draft preventor
Outdoor equipments
9
Harmony
Harmony with
with luxurious
luxurious interior
interior design
design
Sweet Room - Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
9 - Air Conditioning & heating

Smooth
Smooth circulation
circulation of
of the
the air
air &
& Humidification
Humidification
Simultaneous type EHP system
9
Living Room Area Equipment
Equipment check
check &
& exchange
exchange should
should be
be simple
simple - Electric heat exchange ventilation
AHU (Ventilation & humidification)
- Single duct constant air volume
9
Eliminate
Eliminate unpleasant
unpleasant odors
odors
system
- Bathroom exhaust necessary to
consider ventilation
9
Control
Control System
System suitable
suitable for
for the
the usage
usage
Bedroom Area environment
environment Control
- 64 rooms, PC control
9
Centrifugal
Centrifugal Chiller-
Chiller- cooling
cooling and
and heating
heating at
at the
the
same
same time(
time( open-air
open-air Air
Air conditioning)
conditioning)
Banquet Hall 4. Hotel
Centrifugal chiller system suitable for high-ceiling/large space structure &duct

combined individual indoor equipments method are preferable.
Designing Point Air conditioning

System
Large size Banquet Hall
(Ceiling Height over 4m)
9 Used
Used in
etc.
etc.
in multiple
multiple functions
functions such
such as
as party,
party, wedding
wedding
Indoor Equipments
- Large Banquet Hall : chilled water
9 Human
Human body
body &Lighting
necessity
necessity is
&Lighting load
is high.
high.
load are
are large,
large, Ventilation
Ventilation
system , duct,
- Medium Banquet Hall duct joint
use + indoor equipments (single
9 CO₂concentration
CO₂concentration control
efficiency
efficiency
control is
is necessary
necessary for
for energy
energy
duct : constant air volume
- Small Banquet Hall : VAV or
9 Air
Air current
current of
of residing
residing station
station should
should be
be under
under individual AHU
Wind
Wind speed
speed 0.25m/s
0.25m/s Outdoor equipments
- Air EHP System
9 - Water EHP System

For
For the
the spaces
spaces with
with high-ceilings
high-ceilings over
over 4m,
4m, itit is
is necessary
necessary to
to
install
install side
side intakes
intakes (intakes
(intakes on
on the
the walls)
walls)
- Direct expansion AHU –
Med/small size Banquet Hall EHP system
(Ceiling Height 3~4m)
9 Plan
Plan grids
grids and
and ventilation
ventilation system ahead of time
- Large Banquet Hall : AHU (humi
Spaces
Spaces with
with high
high ceilings
ceilings and
and nono window-
window- aa dification)
9 method
method of
of supplying
supplying the
the air
air from
from the
the ceiling.
ceiling. - Medium/Small Banquet Hall :
electric heat exchange ventilation
Individual
Individual temperature
temperature control
control devices
devices are
are needed
needed
9 for
or AHU (humidification)
for each
each medium/Small
medium/Small Banquet
Banquet Halls
Halls
Control
9 Open
Open air-
air- air
system is
air conditioning
conditioning of
necessary
system is necessary
of Centrifugal
Centrifugal chiller
chiller - 64 rooms, PC control
Lobby/Lounge 4. Hotel
Central AC System, which is suitable for High-ceiling/large spaces, and

Individual Indoor equipments method is advantageous.
System
9 Prevent the entry of open air
- Preventing cold draft, by using the
ducts located near the outer peri
9 ALL
ALL Glass
is
Glass Structure,
is large.
large.
Structure, so
so radiant
radiant heat
heat load
load
meter of the building and by using
the floor fixed type
- Lobbby : AHU type application
9 Prevention
Prevention of
of window-side
window-side cold
cold draft
draft
(Air Conditioning & heating + venti-
lation + Humidification)
- Lounge : ducts located near the outer
9 Eruption
Eruption Air
important
important
Air current
current reaching
reaching distance
distance is
is
perimeter of the building, floor-
fixed type
- inner part : duct, cassette
9 For
For lounge,
lounge, same
conditioning
conditioning
same as
as large
large space
space air-
air- Air Conditioning Units
- Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
9 Ventilation
Ventilation air
air flow/balance
flow/balance important
important - Direct expansion AHU type – EHP
system
9 Lighting
Lighting equipments
location
location
equipments &
& diffusion
diffusion hole
hole - Lobby/Lounge : AHU application
(humidification)
Control
9 Air
Air conditioning
conditioning Necessary-
Necessary- - Individual, 16 rooms
Centrifugal
Centrifugal chiller
chiller open-air
open-air - 64 rooms PC control
Dining Room 4. Hotel
It is necessary to select a type of AHU that will allow individual operation for each dining
room.

System
9
For
For each
each Dining
Dining Room,business
Room,business hours
hours are
are
different and load change is large.
different and load change is large.
- For each dining room : individual
9
For
For each
each Dining
Dining Room,Individual
Room,Individual indoor equipments or AHU
driving/Temperature
driving/Temperature control
control
- AHU : Variable Air Volume, single
duct method or multi zone method.
9
Indoor
Indoor should
should be
be designed
designed for
for negative
negative - Perimeter : duct type
pressure
pressure
- Inner part : duct, cassette
9 Air Conditioning Units

Sufficiently
Sufficiently consider
consider the
the ventilation
ventilation
frequency
frequency
- Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
9 - Direct expansion AHU type – EHP

air
air flow/balance(
flow/balance( Dining
Dining Room→Kitchen)
Room→Kitchen)
system
9 Ventilation/Humidification
Prevention
Prevention of
of window-side
window-side cold
cold draft
draft (All
(All
Glass)
Glass) - Electric heat exchange ventilation
or AHU (humidification omitted)
9
Harmony
Harmony with
with interior
interior
Control
9 internal
internal Pressurization
Pressurization Necessary
Necessary - 64 rooms PC control
Office Room 4. Hotel
It is necessary to select indoor equipments type that will allow individual operation for
each room.

System
9
24
24 hours
hours Usage
Usage
- Install individual AHU for each
room
- 4 way cassette type, ceiling
9
Lots
Lots of
of Individual
Individual rooms
rooms
concealed duct
- Floor fixed type
9
Jointly
Jointly run
run the
the Air
Air conditioning
conditioning and
and Ventilation
Ventilation Air Conditioning Units
for the employees’ health
for the employees’ health
- Air EHP System
- Water EHP System
9 Open-
Open- Air
is
Air Air
Air conditioning
Necessary
is Necessary
conditioning of
of Centrifugal
Centrifugal chiller
chiller - EHP system for Direct expansion
AHU
– EHP system with a function to do
both heating and cooling
9
Equipment
Equipment check
check &exchange
&exchange should
should be
be simple
simple
- Electric heat exchange ventilation
9
low-noise,
low-noise, low
low vibration
vibration
- AHU (humidification) ; variable
air volume. Multi zone
9
Control
Control System
System suitable
suitable for
for the
the user
user
environment
environment Control
- 64 rooms PC control
1.5 Commercial Building 5. Commercial building
Classification Definition Characteristics
Department stores • Mostly crowded by customers on week

• Large-scale retailer that sells various products related to the day nights, holidays, discount event
basic necessities of human life by displaying and organizing them • Generally composed of one
in one building. building
• Foodstuffs, Cosmetics,clothing, appliances, furniture, Cafeteria, • Located in the downtown near subway
or connected to under ground shopping
movie theatre, misc. mall
Large stores
• Mostly visited by customers on
• Distribution company that uses the large-sales method for the weekday nights/holidays
self-serve, selling at a cost 20-30% lower than the existing prices • Generally composed of one
building
• Foodstuffs, appliances, life supplies, cafeteria, etc.
• Located in the suburbs
1st class Vicinity Life

• Supermarket/daily necessities retail store, food court/bakery
• Usage/hair salon/GeneralShower facility/laundromat • Used mostly by the customers
• A doctor's office/dental doctor's office/oriental doctor's office/ in the vicinity
acupuncture/chiropractor/birth care centre • Generally composed of 1-2 floors
• Table tennis centre/ gym
2nd class Vicinity Life • General restaurants, go clubs, fastfood restaurants, bakery, book store,
gym, aerobic centre, bowling centre, billiard room, golf practice centre
• Religious halls, performance centers, video rooms, small theatres • Used mostly by the customers
• Manufacturer/repair store/laundromat, game centre. in the vicinity
• Photo Studio/Mounting Shop/Private Educational Institute, Karaoke Bar, • Generally composed of 1-2 floors
Wholesale Store of the Medicine & Medical Supplies, Auto Dealer Shop
• Warehouse, automobile offices, massage shops, karaoke
5. Commercial building
Department stores(1/4)
Department stores_Lobby &Hall Characteristics of the Load

10 hours. during the weekdays.
• High-ceiling/large space structure
• Large exterior load due to high floors level
• Lots of invading open air due to frequent entry and exit
(Indoor static pressure maintenance is necessary)
• Big discrepancy in the traffic depending on hours/days/
discount events
• Some waiting & traffic population in the Lobby/Hall
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Select the system considering the traffic depending on the
high ceiling/large space/ hours
☞ Lots of invading open air due to frequent entry and exit • Consider windshield room /Pressurization to prevent invasion
of open air
☞ High-ceiling/large space Structure • To eliminate exterior load in the window side, consider
☞ Big discrepancy in the traffic depending on hours/ floor-fixed type indoor equipments
days/discount events • Consider Air conditioning of occupants in residing station
☞ Some waiting & traffic population • For high-ceiling, consider air throw (Diffuser Selection etc.)
Department stores(2/4)
Department stores_Casual_
Luxurious Brands Characteristics of the Load
10 hours. during the weekdays.
• Low sunlight load because there is hardly any external
window
• Big changes in traffic depending on hours/day/discount event
• Lots of customers visit the casual section
• Only a limited number of customers visit the luxurious brands
but the display lighting load is large.
• Select the system by considering the luxurious indoor interior
design in the luxurious brand section
• Low-noise/low vibration Designing
☞ Lots of customers visit the casual section
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Consider changes in the traffic depending on the
hourly/seasonal/discount event for sufficient equipment
capacity selection
• Sufficient ventilation capacity application
• Indoor Air conditioning System Selection is necessary
☞ Only a limited number of customers visit the luxurious depending on sales usage
brands but the display lighting load is large.
Department stores( (3/4)
Department stores_Appliances Characteristics of the Load

Dining Room
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for
about 10 hrs. during the weekdays.
• Heating from the appliances on display
• Cooking heat amount varies depending on the dish
• Be careful of the smell of food spreading to nearby
facilities
• Be careful of cold draft occurance in the windows of the
dining Room
☞ It is necessary to consider the heat emitted from

displayed appliances.
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Load discrepancy occurs due to the operation status of
displayed appliances
• Air volume should be balanced to prevent the spread of
foodstuffs’ odors.
• Air conditioning System should be selected to eliminate the
heat from cooking
☞ Establish a policy to stop food odor from spreading • System application for Cold draft prevention in the window
areas of the dining area.
Department stores( (4/4) 5. Commercial building
Department stores_
Movie Theatre Characteristics of the Load
• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates during the

daytime and during the nightimes.
• Waiting space Lighting &Human body load rapidly rises
• Exterior load is low because it barely touches the perimeter
• Viewing hours and frequency vary for each movie theatre.
• When there are many people inside the movie theater, a
large amount of latent heat gets generated.
• The ceiling is high and lighting load is low inside the movie
theatre
☞ High load due to the concentration of audience in the waiting space
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Obtain sufficient air conditioning capacity for complicated waiting
space.
• Sufficient/frequent ventilation is required. (large space, large # of
audiences)
• Apply method where independent operation is possible for each
movie theatre.
• Select a system where sufficient dehumidification can be
conducted inside the movie theatre
☞ Latent heat amount rapidly rises if there is a large number of • Select an appropriate air conditioning system suitable for a large
audience in the movie theatre. space movie theater.
Large store
Large stores_store_
Cash register Characteristics of the Load

14 hours/day.
• Mostly visited by customers on weekday nights and
holidays
• Be wary of temperature discrepancy due to high ceiling
• An increase in the external wall heat transfer due to high
floors/ceiling
• Spaces near the checkstands get crowded with
customers.
☞ Store with high ceiling
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Obtain the capacity to respond with high concentration of
customers
• Sufficient Ventilation & Humidification considered (AHU
Ventilation/ Humidification)
• Select a system appropriate for high-ceiling store
• Establish a system to deal with a sudden rise of load near
☞ Crowded with customers near the checkstand.
the checkstand.
Vicinity Life Facility
Vicinity Life Facility_convenience

stores_Karaoke Characteristics of the Load
• Convenience Stores: HVAC system operates for 24hrs.

• It is necessary to consider the heating load of
convenience stores’ showcases
• The area of show-window is large, so sunlight load and
external heat delivery are high
☞ A showcase of
• For Karaoke Indoor Smoking, consider sufficient
Cooling/Heating-
ventilation, amount of heating from the users, & room
It is necessary to
consider the load from based usage
the radiant heat.
HVAC Management
Characteristics
• Select equipment capacity considering the heating load of
convenience stores’ showcases
• Adopt a system to manage the load from the show-window
side.
☞ Karaoke activities: • Consider having sufficient ventilation for smoking customers
consider the amount • Consider body heats from the Karaoke users
of heat • Adopt a Karaoke System that enables room-based driving
1.6 Assembly, Cultural-purpose Building 6. Cultural Purpose building
■ Cultural Viewing Facility Classification
1. Art galleries
- Low external load because there is no window
- Sculpture, oriental painting, western painting displays, etc.
2. Museums
- History, remembrance, heritage, science, folklore, university, ocean
museums etc.
3. Performance Halls
- Heavy heating from the stage lighting
- Concert Hall, Musical, circus etc.
4. Theatre (Play)
- Heavy heating from the stage lighting
- Small theatres , Large theatres etc.
5. Movie Theatre(Movie)
- Mostly connected to multiplex
6. Cultural Purpose building
Play Theatre
Theatre Load & Management

Characteristics
• Air current delivery is difficult due to the high ceiling
(over 8m)
• Difficult to deal with load and ventilation for the large space
• Its characteristic requires individual operation of HVAC
system.
• Air conditioning is necessary for seating area in each floor
• Cooling (by utilizing outside air) is necessary during the
mid-seasons (spring/fall).
• There is almost no external load because there is no
window
• An orderly indoor environment is necessary
Product selection based on the

characteristics of air conditioning
• For the spaces with high ceilings, apply the concealed duct
(built-in duct) + line/nozzle diffuser for smoother circulation
of air (they help the air to reach the ceiling).
☞ Stage area’s lighting load is large. • Equipment noise prevention method ( Noise chamber,
eruption speed control etc.)
• Apply system that allows independent control
• Obtain sufficient ventilation in case there is a large crowd
Art Galleries/Museums 6. Cultural Purpose building
Load & Management

Museums
Characteristics
• Air current delivery is difficult due to the high ceiling

• Difficult to respond to zone-based air conditioning and
heating load for each hour
- Only visited by a limited number of visitors on weekdays
- Load increases due to a large number of visitors on
weekends/holidays
• Cooling (by utilizing outside air) is necessary during the
mid-seasons (spring/fall).
• Overall, buildings require part-load driving
☞ Lobby/Hall space with high ceiling level

Product
• Adopt system that considers interior design

• To use them for the spaces with high ceilings, make sure
that the circulating air reaches the ceiling.
• Equipment noise prevention method ( Noise chamber,
• Suitable air conditioning necessary to maintain the valuable
holdings
☞ Load from lighting is low, Change in visitors' traffic
• Inverter product application to allow part-load driving
varies greatly depending on hours
Concert Hall
Load & Management

Concert Hall
Characteristics
• Air current delivery is difficult due to the high ceiling (over 8m)
• Contains characteristics that allow individual driving
• Air conditioning is necessary for seating areas in each floor
• Cooling (by utilizing outside air) is necessary during the mid-
seasons (spring/fall).
• There is almost no external load because there is no window
☞ Seating area composed of many floors

• For the spaces with high ceilings, apply the concealed duct
(built-in duct) + line/nozzle diffuser for smoother circulation
of air (they help the air to reach the ceiling).
• Equipment noise prevention method ( Noise chamber,
• Apply system that allows independent control
☞ Stage area: lighting load is large. • Obtain sufficient ventilation in case there is a large
crowd
Church/Catholic Church (1/5) 6. Cultural Purpose building
Load & Management

Large Worship Hall Characteristics
• Air current delivery is difficult due to the high ceiling (over 8m)
• Difficult to respond to zone-based air conditioning and heating
load for each hour
- Only a small number of people attend the Early Morning
Worship Service (Front part of the podium)
- Large number of people attend the Main Worship Service, so
there is a large amount of movement.
• Feasible response status from the mid-floor parts to the low-
floors/high-floors load
• Cooling (by utilizing outside air) is necessary during the mid-
seasons (spring/fall).
Reclamationduct + line/nozzle Diffuser Product selection based on the

Over 6 m/s • Apply the floor heating for the front part of the podium, considering
the times when there are only a small number of people in the
building. (multi-use of water boiler is also possible)
Air supply Air supply Air supply • For the spaces with high ceilings, apply the concealed duct
(built-in duct) + line/nozzle diffuser for smoother circulation of air
(they help the air to reach the ceiling).
• Mid-floor parts low-floors/high-floors zoning separation & low-floors
part: 4 way cassette application
Floor Heating • Equipment noise prevention method (Noise chamber, Eruption
4 way Cassette speed control etc.)
Lobby&Hall load &&Management

Load Management
Characteristics
Characteristics
• Difficult to respond to the heating/cooling load that is

generated before and after the Sunday worship service and
during the welcoming receptions or the farewell ceremonies.
• Large Sunlight/Exterior load due to all-glass structure
• Large temperature differences within and outside building &
lots of invading open air due to frequent entry and exit.
• Consider air currrent delivery for ceiling over 5m

Concealed (built-in) Duct + Diffuser characteristics of air conditioning
• Apply the concealed (built-in) ducts + line diffusers for the

spaces near the outer perimeter of the building (towards the
windows).
Lobby/Hall - Select sufficient equipment capacity considering the window-
side sunlight load & exterior load etc.
door • For other spaces, apply either circular or square diffuser,
considering the ceiling height.
• Consider designing air current delivery distance & noise/
static pressure etc.
Church/Catholic Church (3/5)
Load & Management

Office room Characteristics
• Actual usage hours are not very long in office rooms on

Sunday/weekday service
- Difficult to respond to air conditioning & heating for each
hour and each zone
• Consider office indoor equipment &duct noise
• Difficult to respond to air conditioning & heating due to the
large space
• Ceiling height within 2.7m (normal height)
4 way CST 4 way CST

• Effective Capacity 4 way Cassette application for large

space air conditioning & heating load response for both
Office room individual control/partload
- Select sufficient equipment capacity by considering the
window-side sunlight load &exterior load etc.
- Select the location of equipment considering the air
current delivery distance.
load & Management

Small Worship Hall
Characteristics
• Air conditioning & heating load response is difficult for
each hour
- Attended by large crowd for the Main Worship Service
- Generally attended by a small number of people on a
regular basis
- Ventilation load increases if there is a large crowd.
• Consider the equipment noise in the Small Worship Hall
• Difficult to respond to air conditioning & heating due to the
large space
• Consider the ceiling height (over 3m)
4 way CST 4 way CST

• Effective Capacity 4 way Cassette application for large

space air conditioning & heating load response for both
individual control/partload
Small Worship Hall - Select sufficient equipment capacity by considering the
window-side sunlight load &exterior load etc.
- Select the location of equipment considering the air current
delivery distance.
• But if the ceiling height is over 3m, apply circular or square
diffuser for the concealed (built-in) duct..
Dining Room Load & Management Characteristics
• Consider load response for a large space

• Consider the zoning & Ventilation response for intermittent
usage.
• Consider invading open air due to frequent usage of
entrance and exit
• Consider perimeter window-side sunlight load & exterior
load response
• Be careful of latent heat from users and food as well as
noise

• Concealed (built-in) duct+ line, nozzle diffuser

• Zoning classification & central control solution is
Dining Room necessary for intermittent usage
• Consider using air curtains to prevent the invasion of open
air from entry and exit
• Consider ventilation to eliminate food smell and cigarette
odor
Temples
Temples Load & Management Characteristics
• Difficulty in delivering air flow due to high ceiling

• Difficult to deal with load and ventilation for the large
space
• Difficulty with responding to hourly air conditioning &
heating load
- Only a small number of visitors on a normal occasion
- Large number of participants on a special occasion
• Floor heating is preferred because it is a space with
seating lifestyle
• Infiltration amount from Korean paper doors are large
☞ In the ordinary days, Buddhist monks and only small numbers

of people use the temple to pray.
Product
Product selection based
based on the
the
characteristics
characteristics of
of air
air conditioning
conditioning
• Consider the interior design in selecting the system

• Establish countermeasures to prevent the noise from the
equipments (installation of noise chamber, controlling the
velocity of the air being discharged from the equipment, etc.)
• Select the product that is mainly for cooling.
- Floor hot water heating(consider possibility of water boiler –
joint usage)
• It is necessary to consider sufficient cold/heating load from
infiltration
☞ On the special days (such as Buddha’s Birthday), a large
• Considering the special characteristic of installation on
number of people visit the temple to participate in the events. mountain, obtain sufficient capacity
1.7 Educational Building 7. Educational building
Building Usage
Designing Areas of Consideration Air conditioning method
Usage hours
• Supply sufficient ventilation amount to high population density

area.
• Response method for noise from the indoor equipments in
Elementary, classroom
• Unpleasantness caution and response method for window Ceiling cassette type
Middle, Weekly side cold draft in winter season
• Dining Room Waiting people &foodstuffs heating amount
+ Ventilation Unit
High schools
considered Necessary
• Secure sufficient capacity for cooling, considering intermittent
operation for special rooms (music room, art room, labs, etc.)
• Supply sufficient ventilation &Air conditioning capacity

amount to high population density area with high population Ceiling cassette type
density at night time + Ventilation Unit
Weekly • Consider equipment heating amount in labs at graduate
University schools ( Staircase lecture room:
Night time
• Equipment zoning for usage hours (Weekly, day/night time) high-static pressure reclamation
• For staircase lecture rooms with low sunlight load & high ceiling, duct-type)
Be careful of temperature change in winter season
• Obtain sufficient ventilation amount for academic lecture

rooms with high population density
Weekly • Indoor equipments noise response method in Academy Ceiling cassette type
Academy lecture rooms
Night time + Ventilation Unit
• Usage-based (Computer, English, Taekwondo etc.) load
condition is different, so take caution
1.7.1 Load & Management Characteristics_ 7. Educational building
Elementary/Middle/High schools
Load & Management

classroom
Characteristics
• Due to high population density, lots of ventilation amount

is necessary
• Operation of the HVAC system follows a schedule tha thas
been pre-set.
• It should be possible to operate the system during the night-
studying times.
• There is almost no occupant during the vacation.
• Be careful of dust spreading in the classroom floor

• Select ventilation unit capacity that allows large ventilation

amount
☞ Due to high density of occupants, a large amount to • Apply system that allows independent operation during the
load gets generated from the bodies of the night-studying times etc.
occupants (heat, weight, etc.) • Filter installation for dust elimination in classroom &
convenient maintenance Management(cleaning etc.) are
necessary
7. Educational building
Load & Management

School Dining Room
Characteristics
• Need to consider people waiting in the School Dining

Room
• Due to the large number of dining members, foodstuffs
heating etc. dehumidification amount increases.
• Peak load occurs due to the concentration during
dining hours
• Lots of ventilation amount in the dininr room and
infiltration amount increases due to frequent entry
and exit

• Select system with good load response capacity

• Sufficient Equipment Capacity selection
considering the infiltration amount
☞ Need to consider people waiting in the School • To use them for the spaces with high ceilings,
Dining Room make sure that the circulating air reaches the
ceiling, if there is a high-ceiling
Load & Management

Teachers' Office
Characteristics
• Population density in the Teachers' Office

decreases dramatically during class hours,
contrary to the classroom usage
• Similar to the load environment of a general
office room
• There are a few occupants in the teacher’s office
during the vacation.

• Select system with excellent load response

capacity
☞ Population density in the Teachers' Office • Select product with good system performance
decreases dramatically during class hours
for intermittent loads
Load & Management

Special room
Characteristics
• Consider special characteristics of intermittent

usage
• Consider the lab’s characteristics with
experimental ventilation
• Consider the need to have calm atmosphere
in music room
☞ Labs with experimental ventilation

• Select system with excellent load response capacity

• Select product with good system performance for intermittent
loads
• Select the equipments with enough capacities, and make sure
that sufficient volume of air gets ventilated, considering
various experiments that can take place in the laboratory.
☞ Music rooms are used intermittently and requires equipments (installation of noise chamber, controlling the
calmness
University
Load & Management

Lecture room
Characteristics
• Density changes greatly depending on the class

schedule in the lecture room
• Due to high population density, lots of ventilation
amount is necessary
• Beware of dust spreading in the classroom

• Select product with good system performance for intermittent

loads
• Select ventilation unit capacity that allows sufficient
☞ Density changes greatly depending on the class ventilation amount
schedule in the lecture room
• Filter installation to eliminate indoor dust in the lecture room
& Convenient Maintenance Management ( cleaning etc.) are
necessary
University
Load & Management

Staircase Lecture room Characteristics
•Temperature differences due to the characteristic

of high-ceiling staircase structure in the lecture
room
• Necessary to obtain air current delivery distance
• Necessary to consider intermittent usage
• Since it is a large space, it takes time for the air to
reach the set temperature during the time of
cooling and heating.
Product
Product selection based
based on the
the
characteristics
characteristics of
of air
air conditioning
conditioning

• Select system with excellent load capacity
• When there are intermittent loads, select the product with a
☞ High-ceiling, staircase type lecture room good performance of operation.
• Obtain air current delivery distance with high-static pressure
type
• With the use of zoning for cooling and heating, improve the
level of comfort and conserve the energy.
University
Load & Management

Library Characteristics
• Consider the need for calmness in the library
environment
• Air conditioning & heating load response is
difficult for each hour
- High density in the early morning/ late night hours
- Lower population density during the weekdays
• Load characteristics vary depending on the reading
room types (regular publications, research data,
general).


☞ Library requires calmness velocity of the air being discharged from the equipment, etc.)
good performance of operation. Necessary to be careful in
selecting equipment capacity for each reading room types
University
Load & Management

Professor Research Room
Characteristics
• Consider the need for calmness in the Professor’s

Research Room.
• Air conditioning & heating load response is difficult
for each hour
- High density in the early morning/ late night hours
• Load characteristics vary depending on the reading
room types (regular publications, research datal).

• Establish countermeasures to prevent the noise from the equipments
(installation of noise chamber, controlling the velocity of the air being
discharged from the equipment, etc.)
• When there are intermittent loads, select the product with a good
☞ Professor Research Room with low population density performance of operation.
• Necessary to be careful in selecting equipment capacity for each
reading room types
University
load & Management

Graduate schools: Experimental Labs Characteristics
• Consider the need for calmness.
• Air conditioning & heating load response is
difficult for each hour
- High density in the early morning/ late night
hours
• Load characteristics vary depending on the
reading room types (regular publications,
research data, general).

equipments (installation of noise chamber, controlling the velocity
of the air being discharged from the equipment, etc.)
• When there are intermittent loads, select the product with a good
performance of operation.
☞ Equipment heating amount differs based on the type of • Necessary to be careful in selecting equipment capacity for each
reading room types
experimental lab
Academy
Load & Management

Academy
Characteristics
• Obtain sufficient ventilation capacity in the lecture

room of the academy with high population density
• Academy Lecture room’s Indoor equipments noise
response method
• Load condition varies for each usage (Computer,
English, Taekwondo etc.), so need to take caution.

• Ventilation Unit Capacity Selection that allows sufficient

ventilationamount
☞ Load conditions are different for each usage. • Select system with excellent load response capacity
good performance of operation.
• Equipment capacity based on usage
• Special attention needed at the time of calculation

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LG Air Conditioning Academy

Building Characteristics and

Key words : Understand air conditioning methods for each

Basic terms: Air conditioning, Air conditioning & heating load,

Process의 Map 이미지

Classification &Characteristics of Facility Building(Collective Residential Standard)

General Residential complex

☞ Definition &Characteristics ☞ Definition &Characteristics

• Supplementary space of living room/ • Classified as theMaster room for the

Living room Characteristic of the Load

☞ More households are expanding the living rooms to utilize the

Characteristic of the Load

Characteristic of the Load

Further divided into smaller types &

The user and owner of the building is the

Semi owned- There is only one tenant and only one

The owner and user of the building are

Office facility’s space is composed of Office facility, Lobby/Hall, Dining Room&Arcade.

■ Client meeting room

Human body load is large.

Lighting load is large.

1) Conditions for Use 1) Weather

9 Office Building’s Indoor Temperature/Humidity condition

Classification Temperature Humidity

Air conditioning 26℃ 50%

Heating 22℃ 50%

9 Air refreshness of the indoor office building

Personal Office room 8㎥/h·㎡ 25~30 ㎥/h

Zoning based on load characteristics, directions, usage, driving hours etc. is

Zoning based on direction and  Outdoor equipments

Perimeter Zoning based on driving hours  Ventilation

Appropriate CO₂ concentration

EHP + Electric heat exchange

OA • Zone-based Air conditioning &

Open air entry prevention

Dining Room &Kitchen zoning  Indoor equipments, AHU

 Air Conditioning Units

Classification Definition Characteristics

Nursing home • Its purpose is to accommodate

• Area to handle long-term treatment of

• Area handling patients who commute

Drop-in section_Lobby &Hall Characteristic of the Load

• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for about

☞ High-ceiling/all glass ☞ Hourly/daily/seasonal

* AHU : Air Handling Unit

Drop-in section_Waiting Room Characteristic of the Load

• Sufficient Indoor equipments capacity must be

Drop-in section_Treatment Room Characteristic of the Load

• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for about 8

Ward section_In-patients Room

• It is a zone in which the HVAC system operates for 24 hours.

☞ Indoor Temperature discrepancy &window-side cold draft

Ward section_ICU Room /

* ICU : Intensive Care Unit

Affiliated Treatment Facilities

• It is an intermittent zone in which the HVAC system

☞ For important surgery rooms, sufficient ventilation & highest

■ Space with multiple functions: Wedding

Accomodation ■ Maintain as a closed space ( Noise is

• Extremely-large Banquet • Medium/Small

Due to the co-existence of various spaces, hotels tend to have multiple

Accomodation sector ■ Maintain as closed space ( Noise is important)

■ Space with multiple functions: Wedding Hall,

Zoning based on direction and Outdoor equipments

Perimeter Zoning based on driving hours Ventilation

Dining Room &Kitchen zoning Indoor equipments, AHU

Air Conditioning Units

9 Air Conditioning Units