Bail is defined as the “security given for the release of a person in custody of the law, furnished

by him or a bondsman, to guarantee his appearance before any court as required under the
conditions herein specified” (Sec. 1, Rule 114, Rules of Criminal Procedure).

Bail emanates from a person’s constitutional right to be presumed innocent until proven
otherwise. The right to bail is guaranteed by our Constitution.

Section 13 of Article III of the 1987 Constitution states that, “All persons, except those charged
with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided
by law. Xxx” Sec. 3, Rule 114 of the Rules on Criminal Procedure states that:

“All persons in custody shall be admitted to bail as a matter of right, with sufficient sureties, or
released on recognizance as prescribed by law or this Rule (a) before or after conviction by the
Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, or Municipal
Circuit Trial Court, and (b) before conviction by the Regional Trial Court of an offense not
punishable by death, reclusion perpetua, or life imprisonment.”

The Constitution and the Rules are clear that a person has a right to bail unless that person is
being charged of an offense punishable by reclusion perpetua, death, or life imprisonment, and
the evidence of the person’s guilt is strong.

You did not state what crime your friend was being accused of.

Most probably he is being accused of a drug-related crime being pu–nished with life
imprisonment.

Therefore, he is not entitled to bail only when the evidence of guilt is strong against him.

In order to determine this, he must file a petition for bail, so that the court can decide whether or
not to grant him bail. If the court, after hearing the Petition, finds that the evidence of guilt is not
strong against him, then he will be allowed to post bail.

We hope that we were able to enlighten you on the matter.

Please be reminded that this advice is based solely on the facts you have narrated and our
appreci–ation of the same.

Our opinion may vary when other facts are changed or elaborated.

Editor’s note: Dear PAO is a daily column of the Public Attorney’s

Office. Questions for Chief Acosta may be sent to
dearpao@manilatimes.net
Sec. 9. Amount of bail; guidelines. – The judge who issued the warrant or granted the application
shall fix a reasonable amount of bail considering primarily, but not limited to, the following factors:
(a) Financial liability of the accused to give bail;
(b) Nature and circumstance of the offense;
(c) Penalty for the offense charged;
(d) Character and reputation of the accused;
(e) Age and health of the accused;
(f) Weight of the evidence against the accused;
(g) Probability of the accused appearing at the trial;
(h) Forfeiture of other bail;
(i) The fact that the accused was a fugitive from justice when arrested; and
(j) Pendency of other cases where the accused is on bail.
Excessive bail shall not be required.