A

Seminar Report On

Superconductivity & It’s Applications

Session 2018 - 2019

A Seminar Report

Submitted to

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune (M. H.)

In partial fulfillment of awarding the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Department of Electrical Engineering

Supervised by Submitted by
Prof. Pawar P.B. Nale Ganesh Dattu
Roll no -24
Exam seat no -

Department of Electrical Engineering

S. B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
 S. B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
Department of Electrical Engineering

Session 2018 -2019

Certificate

This is to certify that the seminar entitled

Superconductivity & It’s Applications

Submitted by

Nale Ganesh Dattu, Roll no-(24)

is a bonafide work carried out by students under the supervision of

Prof. Pawar.P.B. and it is submitted towards the partial fulfillment
of the requirement of Bachelor of Engineering in Department of
Electrical Engineering

Prof. Pawar P.B. Prof. Deokar T.V. Prof. Karpe S.R.

Guide Coordinator HOD
Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg.

Dr. P.D. Nemade

Principal
S.B.Patil College of Engineering, Indapur

Date of submission :-
 S. B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
Department of Electrical Engineering

Session 2018 - 2019

Recommendation

This is to certify that seminar works entitled

“Superconductivity & It’s Applications ”
Is successfully completed by

Nale Ganesh Dattu, Roll no-(24)

at
Department of Electrical Engineering

Prof. Pawar P.B. Prof. Deokar T.V. Prof. Karpe S.R.

Guide Coordinator HOD
Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am greatly indebted forever to my guide Prof. Pawar P.B. and Prof.

Karpe S.R. Head of Electrical Engineering Department, S.B.Patil College of
Engineering, Indapur for his continuous encouragement, support, ideas, most
constructive suggestions, valuable advice and confidence in me. He gave me
complete freedom to pursue all my interests and also provided so many
exciting directions to explore. Behind the freedom he gave, there is his strong
belief that the best work is done. In addition to his technical powers, what
helped me a lot was his passionate approach to research, his intrepidity in
attacking important hard problems, his enthusiasm for exploring new areas,
and his emphasis on bold imagination and creativity. His advice of
simultaneously working on a variety of problems ensured that work never
became boring. His openness to my decisions and confidence in my abilities
made me reach much higher goals than I could have imagined. His infectious
cheerfulness, attitude of dealing with challenges, and patience with random
door-knocks would dissolve the worst of the stress. Proud to be his student, I
hope to keep in touch with his amazing mentor and friend.
I sincerely thank Dr. P.D. Nemade, Principal, S.B. Patil College of
Engineering, Indapur for their continuous encouragement and active interest in
my progress that they gave throughout the work. Finally, our parent, our
family members and friends, without whose patience, encouragement, and
support this seminar work might never have been completed.

Name of Candidate,
Nale Ganesh Dattu
( Roll no -24 )
 ABSTRACT

Superconductivity was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh

Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. The electrical resistivity of a metallic
conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary
conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and
other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor
shows some resistance.
Super conductor is the material having almost zero resistivity and behaves as
diamagnetic below the super conducting transition temperature.
Superconductors and superconducting materials are metals, ceramics, organic
materials, or heavily doped semiconductors that conduct electricity without
resistance. Superconducting materials can transport electrons with no
resistance, and hence release no heat, sound, or other energy forms.
Superconductors are used to make digital circuits, High-performance smart
grid, electric power transmission, transformers, power storage devices, electric
motors, vehicle, maglev trains and magnetic devices.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A

ABSTRACT B

TABLES OF CONTENTS C

LIST OF FIGURES D

1.INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Introduction 1
1.1.1. Electrical resistivity 1
1.1.2. Conductivity 1
1.1.3. Definition of superconductivity 1
1.1.4. Superconductor material 1
1.2. Superconductivity 1
1.3. Classification of superconductor 2
1.4. Type I Superconductors 3
1.5. Type II Superconductors 3
1.6. Elementary properties of superconductors 4
1.7. Superconducting cables 4
1.8. HTS Cable Configurations 6
1.9. Fault-current limiters 6
1.10. Superconducting Transformer Components 7
1.11. High-Voltage Dielectric Issues in a Cryogenic Environment 8

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 9
2.1. Literature Survey 9

3. CONSTRUCTION & WORKING 11

3.1. Superconductivity 11

3.2. Critical Temperature for Superconductors 12

3.3. Zero electrical DC resistance 13

3.4. Superconducting phase transition 14

.
3.5. Meissner effect 16

3.6. London moment 18

3.7. London theory 18

3.8. High-temperature superconductivity 19

3.9. Critical temperature of a superconducting element range 20

4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 21

4.1. Advantages 21

4.2. Disadvantages 22

5. APPLICATIONS 23

5.1. Applications 23

6. CONCLUSION 24

6.1. Conclusion 24

7. REFERENCES 25

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Types I and II Superconductors 2

Figure 2:. Superconducting cables 5
Figure 3: Superconducting Transformer 8
Figure 4: Critical Temperature for Superconductors 12
Figure 5 Superconducting phase transition 14
Figure 6: Meissner effect 16
Figure 7: Magnet levitating above a superconductor cooled by liquid nitrogen 20