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MD ABDUL NAZIM (MECHANICAL ENGINEER)

EMAIL:-MDABDULNAZIM66@GMAIL.COM
P: NO:-+91-9959068212, 7097221313

SUB:-HVAC INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1) What is the Unit of Heat?

Ans) Units: BTU (British Thermal Units) 1BTU: It is the amount of energy
required to raise 1 Degree Fahrenheit temperature of 1 Pound of water (OR) It is
the amount of heat when added to 1 Pound of water increases the temperature
of water to 1 Degree Fahrenheit1 Lb = 0.45 Kgs (or) 1kg = 2.2 Lbs. Types of
Heat:-Sensible Heat: It can be sensed or measured by an ordinary dry bulb
thermometer. Eg: Human body temperature can be measured using thermometer
Latent Heat: It can’t be sensed or measured by an ordinary dry bulb
thermometer. It is a hidden heat. Latent heat is absorbed or released when ever
there is a change in phase. Eg: When the water becomes vapor and vice versa

2) What is TON & 1 TON =?

ANS) TON or Ton of refrigeration:
It is the amount of energy required to Freeze 1 pound of water in 24 hours (or)It
is the amount of energy required to Melt 1 Ton of Ice in 24 Hours

3) Volume of Air is measured in?

ANS) Volume of air is measured in terms of: CFM = Cubic Feet per Minute CMH
= Cubic Meter per HourM3/Sec = Cubic Meter per Second L/Sec = Liters per
second CMH = 1.7 x CFMCFM = 2118 x m3/sec CFM = 2.119 x l/sec

4) What is ASHRAE?
Answer- ASHRAE: American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-
conditioning Engineers

5) What is the Room Temperature that you maintain in any room?(1M)

Answer- 24 Degree Celsius or 76 Degree Fahrenheit

6) CFM = Velocity(usually 1500) * Area in Sqft {(d/2)^2*3.1416/144}

7) 1 ton = 12000 BTU/hr = 3.516 KW.

8) Heat Transfer Coefficient (U):

1 (Btu/hr. sqft. *f) = 5.6782 (watt/m^2 . Calvin)
Thermal Conductivity (K):
1 (Btu/hr.ft.*f) = 1.73 (watt/m. Calvin)

9) What is CFM
Answer - Cubic feet minute, it is the unit of air flow.
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10) What is Aspect Ratio?

Ans: - it is the ratio between ht n length of the duct generally we take 1:2 can vary with
space and size up till 1:4.

11) What is Collar Length?

Ans:-it is the strip left at the joining of duct and machine.

12) What are the important things to be considered before selecting devices like AHUs
and Chillers

Ans:-For AHU/FCU for chilled water system = CFM, Static pressure, Ton (capacity), Air
Temp, water flow (gpm).

For AHU/FCU for direct system = CFM, Static Pressure, Ton, Sensible.
For Chiller: Ton, outside air temp, GPM,
Note:
(Sensible/3.4 = heating capacity.)
Static pressure to be considered to make fan selection.
1GPM = 2.4 Ton (we need gpm in finding pipe dia)

13) What is Pumps supply fittings:

Ans: - Thermometer, Shutoff valve, pressure gauge, strainer, test point, drain cock,
union flexible connector, and Eccentric reducer.

14) What is Pumps return fittings:

Ans:-Eccentric reducer, flexible connector, union test point, check valve, strainer, gate
valve, check valve, temp sensors,

15) CFM distribution wrt the given floor plan?

Ans:-Use ductulator.

16) Calculating loads wrt any plan by using software.

Ans:- Use Hap-4.32 or any to find the loads.

17) Type of Dampers?

Ans:-Fire dampers = Butterfly damper, Non Return Damper, Motorized Damper, Fire
damper, Smoke damper, Gravity damper.

18) Types of motorized damper?

Ans:- Motorized volume damper, Motorized fire and smoke damper.

19) Types of grills and diffusers?

Ans = 2-way, 3-way, 4-way, 1-way, jet diffusers with fan.
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20) What is VFD?

Ans:-Variable frequency drive-it is use to control the speed of motor by controlling the
frequency applied to it. It is used with Chillers; AHU etc. (use to control the RPM of
pumps)

21) How do you control or balance the chilled water

Ans - Double regulating valve in main line return (usually controlled from return using
drv vcd)

22) How do you control the noise or vibration in the duct

Ans:- lining (nc-35) and Reinforcement.

23) Temperature of water at outlet of chiller and inlet of AHU?

@ Outlet of chiller - 6-7^c & @ inlet of AHU – 7 – 8^c
@ Outlet of AHU – 10 - 11^c & @ inlet of Chiller - 13-15^c.

24) What are primary pumps and secondary pumps

Ans - the pumps from chiller to building is Primary and in building transfer is Secondary.

25) AHU & FCU Valve connection details?

Ans: - check my AHU installation details video.

26) What is CFM value?

Ans:-CFM = 0.417 L/s.

27) What are the refrigerants used in split unit?

Ans - R22, R12, and R34 (Depends).

28) What are duct heaters and why do we use them if we already have heating option in
AHU.
- Just to provide heating in some specific areas.
-
29) What are VAV and its working?
= Ans:- Pressure dependent & Pressure independent:
- To control the flow of air and temp. (Variable air volume).
- Pressure dependent:- The volume of air supplied by the terminal unit varies
depending upon the static pressure (SP) in the primary air duct.
- Pressure independent terminal units:- have flow-sensing devices that limit the flow
rate through the box. They can control the maximum and minimum CFM that can be
supplied and are therefore independent of the SP in the primary air duct.
- Almost all HVAC systems installed or retrofitted at present have pressure
independent VAV terminals. Pressure independent systems can be balanced and will
allow the correct airflow from each terminal.
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30) What is 3 way valve and 2 way valve? Where we will use them and why?
Ans:-2 way valve = it will regulate the flow as per demand and it will be fitted in the
return line.
3 way valve = if the AHU is closed and is running on min load then it will by-pass
(Connected to BMS).
31) What are duct Gauge normally we use in buildings for cooling and for exhaust ducts?
Ans:-For supply we use 22 Gauge and for exhaust we use 18 gauges.

32) Types of Duct joints?

Ans: - Slip joint, flange joints etc... See ‘internet.’

33) Standard books for HVAC?

Ans:- we follow in duct designing are ASHRAE AND SMACNA,.

34) What is smoke and light test?

Ans:-Check ‘HVAC smoke test and light test in internet’.

35) What is the different method used for duct sizing?

Ans:-Equal Friction, Velocity, Static Regain.

36) How do you measure & control the noise level in A/C system?
Ans:-Noise level can be measured by dB meter. It can be controlled by providing
acoustic to the unit panels, if the sound crosses the set noise criteria we have to go for
sound attenuators.

37) What are the recommended pressure drops in Chilled water pipes?
Ans: - 210 PASCAL'S per meter (0.84 inches).

38) Where do you use Fire Damper, Splitter Damper & Non Return Damper?
Ans:-Fire dampers (FD) are used to stop the fire wherever duct passes thru fire wall.
Splitter dampers (SD) are used to split the main duct for proportional air balancing
Non Return Dampers (NRD) is used to stop the back flow of air in the duct. NRD's used in
exhaust and ventilation system only.

39) What are the different types of exhaust fans used to extract the air?
Ans:-Axial type propeller fan, forward curved, twin fan, direct driven centrifugal fan.

40) What are different duct shapes normally used?

Ans:-Rectangular, Round, Spiral, Oval.

41) How do you control vibration of AHU & Chillers?

Ans:-Spring vibration isolators, Rubbers pads, Kinetic Chain, flexible bellows.
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42) What is the difference between VAV & CAV?

Ans:-Variable Air Volume & Constant Air Volume.

43) Mention typical valve arrangement for chiller connection?

Ans Check internet for ‘HVAC’.

44) What do you consider while making plant room layout explain briefly?
Ans:-Space, site orientation, plant room location, A/C unit (Ready Made or tailor made).

45) What are the different types of Louvers used?

Fresh air louvers, sand trap louvers, door louvers, acoustic louvers, supply air and return
air louvers. Back draft louvers.

46) Classify the different types of chillers?

Ans:-Air Cooled & Water Cooled. With Compressors - Reciprocating, screw, centrifugal &
scroll chillers.

47) What are the standard test pressures for chilled water piping for Industrial
application?
Ans: - Test pressure 1.5 times of working pressure.

48) What are the Securities checking in chillers?

Ans:-Flow switch, Chiller and Pump interlocking, High Pressure cut-out, Oil Pressure
switch, High Suction superheat, Anti Freeze.

49) What are the temperatures & RH required for human comfort?
Ans: - 22 ±2 degree Celsius & 50%RH.

50) At what temperature degree Fahrenheit & degree Celsius are same?
Ans: - -40°C.

51) Which gas is used to purge the refrigerant line during the brazing?
Ans:-Nitrogen gas.

52) 1 TR= 365 to 400 CFM, 3.516KW.

53) How much design velocity required in the main duct of an office building?
Ans:-900-1100 FPM

54) How we install internal insulation in Ducts?

And what is the insulation thickness of inside and outside ducts?
Ans: - 25mm inside and 50mm outside and ducts pass thru unconditioned spaces.
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55) Difference between nominal capacity and Actual capacity?

Ans:-Check on internet.

56) Is this nominal capacity equal in every country?

Ans: - Yes.

57) How to find Weight of Duct?

Wt in Kg = 8.0318 x Thickness x Perimeter = ____Kg.
Where Perimeter of Duct = (W x D) ²/1000

58) What are the different materials used for underground chilled water supply?
Ans:-Pre-insulated Black steel pipe sch-40 with rubber cladding.

59) How to find velocity (FPM)?

Ans:-We need to know GPM and Friction. Then coincide them in a graph and you will get
velocity. And for chilled water we need to know no. of cycles per year (in
ksa=6months*30days*24hrs = 4320) search for this value in the annexure of ASHRAE to
find the FPM. The fpm you get will be for the roof , to get the fpm in risers take 20% of
roof and to get in runners take 20% of risers.

60) What Is The FCU?

A Fan Coil Unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating and/or cooling heat
exchanger or 'coil' and fan. It is part of an HVAC system found in residential,
commercial, and industrial buildings

61) What Is The Function Of AHU?

An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is used to re-condition and circulate air as part of a heating,
ventilating and air- conditioning system. The basic functions of the AHU is take in
outside air, re-condition it and supply it as fresh air to a building.

62) What Are The Types Of Air Conditioning Systems?

Types of Air Conditioning Systems The choice of which air conditioner system to use
depends upon a number of factors including how large the area is to be cooled, the total
heat generated inside the enclosed area, etc. • Window Air Conditioner. • Split Air
Conditioner. • Packaged Air Conditioner. • Central Air Conditioning System.

63) What Does A HVAC Engineer Do?

An HVAC engineer's job duties can include the design, installation, maintenance, and
repair of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, cooling, and refrigeration systems.

64) What Is The HVAC System?

While the Energy Center usually tries to avoid the use of acronyms, HVAC is in common
use in the heating and cooling industry. It stands for "heating, ventilation and air
conditioning," three functions often combined into one system in today's modern
homes and buildings
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65) What Is The Meaning Of Btu In Air Conditioners?

Btu – British thermal unit (Btu) is the international measure of energy. A Btu is the
amount of heat needed to raise 1 (one) pound of water by 1(one) degree Fahrenheit. In
HVAC industry, Btu's measure the quantity of heat a conditioning unit can remove from
a room per hours. One BTU per hour is equal to 0293 watts

66) What Is Variable Air Volume System & Dual Duct System?
Variable Air Volume (VAV) is a type of heating, ventilating, and/or air- conditioning
(HVAC) system. Unlike constant air volume (CAV) systems, which supply a constant
airflow at a variable temperature, VAV systems vary the airflow at a constant
temperature.

67) What Is Constant Volume System?

Constant Air Volume (CAV) is a type of heating, ventilating, and air- conditioning (HVAC)
system. In a simple CAV system, the supply air flow rate is constant, but the supply air
temperature is varied to meet the thermal loads of a space. Most CAV systems are
small, and serve a single thermal zone.

68) What Is Centralized Air System?

The most common central cooling system is a split system, which includes an outdoor
cabinet containing a condenser coil and compressor, and an indoor evaporator coil,
usually installed in conjunction with your furnace. or air handler . The compressor
pumps a chemical called refrigerant through the system

69) What Is The Meaning Of Fahu?

FAHU is the abbreviation used for FRESH AIR HANDLING UNIT. These are usually
centralized units employed to induce fresh air quantities to the confines spaces. They
come into picture wherever there are limitations to fresh air intake either directly or
through AHUs.

70) What Is CFM & Infiltration?

The infiltration rate is the volumetric flow rate of outside air into a building, typically in
cubic feet per minute (CFM) or liters per second (LPS). The air exchange rate, (I), is the
number of interior volume air changes that occur per hour, and has units of 1/h. 4
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71) What Is Local Comfort Cooling System?

They may be integrated, with heating, ventilation and air conditioning provided by a single
system, for example, air handling units connected to ductwork, or they may be a combination
of separate systems, for example mechanical ventilation but with radiators for heating and
local comfort cooling units.

72) What Is Centralized Air System?

The most common central cooling system is a split system, which includes an outdoor
cabinet containing a condenser coil and compressor, and an indoor evaporator coil, usually
installed in conjunction with your furnace. or air handler . The compressor pumps a chemical
called refrigerant through the system.

73) What Is Constant Volume System?

Constant Air Volume (CAV) is a type of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
system. In a simple CAV system, the supply air flow rate is constant, but the supply air
temperature is varied to meet the thermal loads of a space. Most CAV systems are small,
and serve a single thermal zone.

74) What Is Variable Air Volume System & Dual Duct System?
Variable Air Volume (VAV) is a type of heating, ventilating, and/or air-conditioning (HVAC)
system. Unlike constant air volume (CAV) systems, which supply a constant airflow at a
variable temperature, VAV systems vary the airflow at a constant temperature.

75) What Is Hydronic System or Air-water System?

Hedonic systems circulate hot water through warming baseboards, radiators and/or radiant
tubing in your floors or ceilings. There are many advantages to heating your home using a
hedonic system, whether it is for a new home or as a replacement heating system.

76) How Vapor Compression Cycle Works?

The Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle is comprised of four steps. ... The condenser is
in contact with the hot reservoir of the refrigeration system. (The gas releases heat into the
hot reservoir because of the external work added to the gas.) The refrigerant leaves as a
high pressure liquid.

77) What Is Vapor Compression Cycle?

Vapor-Compression Refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in
which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and
is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles.

78) Why Is A Compressor Used In Refrigeration?

The compressor does exactly as its name says: it compresses the refrigerant. The
compressor receives low pressure gas from the evaporator and converts it to high pressure
gas. As mentioned earlier, as the gas is compressed, the temperature rises. The hot
refrigerant gas then flows to the condenser.
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79) What Is Auto Refrigeration?

Auto-refrigeration is a process where an unintentional and/or uncontrolled phase change of a
hydrocarbon from a liquid state to a vapor occurs, resulting in a very rapid chilling
(refrigeration) of the liquid containing local equipment and/or piping.

80) How Does A Refrigerant Compressor Work?

The compressor constricts the refrigerant vapor, raising its pressure, and pushes it into the
coils on the outside of the refrigerator.
When the hot gas in the coils meets the cooler air temperature of the kitchen, it becomes a
liquid.
The refrigerant absorbs the heat inside the fridge, cooling down the air.

81) Why Capacity Of Air Conditioner Is Measured In Tons?

A 4 ton air conditioner is one that can remove 48,000 BTUs of heat per hour from the house.
For most people, though, 4 tons means 8000 pounds. (A BTU is a British Thermal Unit,
approximately the amount of heat you get from burning one kitchen match all the way down.)

82) What Is The Meaning Of 1 Ton Of Ac?

A ton, as used in the HVAC field, is a term that describes how much heat the AC unit can
remove from a home in one hour. The measurement for heat is the British thermal unit
(BTU). One ton of air conditioning can remove 12,000 BTUs of air per hour.

83) What Is An Air Conditioning Ton?

A ton is the cooling capacity of an air conditioning system. One ton is equal to the amount of
heat required (288,000 Btu) to melt one ton of ice in a 24-hour period. A one-ton air
conditioner is rated at 12,000 Btu per hour (288,000/24). A two-ton unit would be rated at
24,000 Btu per hour.

84) What Is Btu?

The British thermal unit (Btu or BTU) is a traditional unit of heat; it is defined as the amount
of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. ...
Heat is now known to be equivalent to energy, for which the metric unit is the joule; one BTU
is about 1055 joules.

85) What Is The Meaning Of Btu In Air Conditioners?

Btu – British thermal unit (Btu) is the international measure of energy. A Btu is the amount of
heat needed to raise 1 (one) pound of water by 1(one) degree Fahrenheit. In HVAC industry,
Btu's measure the quantity of heat a conditioning unit can remove from a room per hours.
One BTU per hour is equal to 0293 watts.

86) What Is Cfm & Infiltration?

The infiltration rate is the volumetric flow rate of outside air into a building, typically in cubic
feet per minute (CFM) or liters per second (LPS). The air exchange rate, (I), is the number of
interior volume air changes that occur per hour, and has units of 1/h.
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87) What Is The Hvac System?

While the Energy Center usually tries to avoid the use of acronyms, HVAC is in common use
in the heating and cooling industry. It stands for "heating, ventilation and air conditioning,"
three functions often combined into one system in today's modern homes and buildings.

88) What Does A HVACs Engineer Do?

An HVAC engineer's job duties can include the design, installation, maintenance, and repair
of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, cooling, and refrigeration systems.

89) What Is Psychometric?

Psychometric is a psychic ability in which a person can sense or "read" the history of an
object by touching it. Such a person can receive impressions from an object by holding it in
his/her hands or, perhaps, touching it to the forehead.

90) What Are The Types Of Air Conditioning Systems?

Types of Air Conditioning Systems

The choice of which air conditioner system to use depends upon a number of factors
including how large the area is to be cooled, the total heat generated inside the enclosed
area, etc.

 Window Air Conditioner.

 Split Air Conditioner.
 Packaged Air Conditioner.
 Central Air Conditioning System.

91) How The Lighting Load Is Calculated?

The standard method consists of three calculation steps: General lighting VA load. When
calculating branch circuits and feeder/service loads for dwellings, include a minimum 3VA
per sq ft for general lighting and general-use receptacles [220.12]. When determining the
area, use the outside dimensions of the dwelling.

92) What Is The Function Of Ahu?

An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is used to re-condition and circulate air as part of a heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning system. The basic functions of the AHU is take in outside air,
re-condition it and supply it as fresh air to a building.

93) How Does The Ahu Work?

An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements,
filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to a
ductwork ventilation system that distributes the conditioned air through the building and
returns it to the AHU.

94) What Is The Purpose Of Air Handling Units?

An air handler, or air handling unit (often called an AHU), is used to condition and circulate
air as part of an HVAC system. An air handler usually contains a blower, heating or cooling
elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers.
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95) Where The Fcu’s Are Used?

A fan coil unit is a simple device consisting of a heating or cooling coil and fan. It is part of an
HVAC system found in residential, commercial, and buildings. Typically a fan coil unit is not
connected to ductwork and is used to control the temperature in the space where it is
installed, or serve multiple spaces.

96) What Is The Fcu?

A Fan Coil Unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating and/or cooling heat
exchanger or 'coil' and fan. It is part of an HVAC system found in residential, commercial,
and industrial buildings.

97) What Is The Meaning Of Fahu?

FAHU is the abbreviation used for FRESH AIR HANDLING UNIT. These are usually
centralized units employed to induce fresh air quantities to the confines spaces. They come
into picture wherever there are limitations to fresh air intake either directly or through AHUs.

98) What Is An Air Conditioner Condenser?

The AC condenser is a very important component found on virtually all modern automotive
AC systems. Its primary function is to convert the refrigerant coming from the compressor
from a high temperature, high pressure vapor into a high pressure liquid through
condensation.

99) How Does A Condenser In A Refrigerator Work?

In the refrigeration cycle, there are five basic components: fluid refrigerant; a compressor,
which controls the flow of refrigerant; the condenser coils (on the outside of the fridge); the
evaporator coils (on the inside of the fridge); and something called an expansion device.

100) What Is The Main Function Of A Condenser?

In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condense a
substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is
given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant.
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101) How Does A Condensing Unit Work?

Inside the condenser, the refrigerant vapor is compressed and forced through a heat
exchange coil, condensing it into a liquid and rejecting the heat previously absorbed from the
cool indoor area. The condenser's heat exchanger is generally cooled by a fan blowing
outside air through it.

102) What Are The Types Of Condensers?

The three main types of condensers used in general refrigeration systems are:

1. Air-cooled.
2. Water-cooled.
3. Evaporative.

103) What Is A Rotary Air Compressor?

A rotary-screw compressor is a type of gas compressor that uses a rotary-type positive-
displacement mechanism. They are commonly used to replace piston compressors where
large volumes of high-pressure air are needed, either for large industrial applications or to
operate high-power air tools such as jackhammers.

104) What Is A Gas Compressor Used For?

A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing
its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors are similar
to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a
pipe.

105) What Is The Use Of Compressor In Refrigeration?

The compressor does exactly as its name says: it compresses the refrigerant. The
compressor receives low pressure gas from the evaporator and converts it to high pressure
gas. As mentioned earlier, as the gas is compressed, the temperature rises. The hot
refrigerant gas then flows to the condenser.