Table of Contents

1.0 Conceptual design report........................................................................................................................ 2

1.1 An appraisal of two distinct viable design solutions ........................................................................... 2
1.2 An Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of construction of concrete. .................................. 7
1.3 A description of the basic Foundation system adopted for the preferred solution ......................... 11
1.4 A schedule specification for a concrete design solution and reinforcement material ..................... 13
1.5 A method description for a safe building procedure for the building. ............................................. 15
1.6 A statement about the building's robustness to avoid a disproportionate collapse ........................ 18
1.7 Modifications necessary letter to the client ..................................................................................... 20
2.0 Design Calculations ............................................................................................................................... 22
Slab Design .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Beam Design ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Column Design ........................................................................................................................................ 34
3.0 Drawings selected on Scheme superstructure ..................................................................................... 41
4.0 Sustainability appraisals ........................................................................................................................ 44
References .................................................................................................................................................. 47
1.0 Conceptual design report
1.1 An appraisal of two distinct viable design solutions

Structural solution 01 – Structural Concrete

For the erection of building, in this design structural concrete will be cast. With reference to the
given structure it contains with 4 storied building and water tank on the top of building. However
the structure to be stand against for the wind loads and bear with existing soil condition. So the
foundation embedded on the structure to be stand and bear for the loads which coming via columns
to the basement and foundation. And those loads which transfer through shear walls if presence,
beams and columns. And it resist with high value of dead load which directly subjected to the
foundation. Therefore even the structure and foundation to be bounded with enough strength to
carry out and resists for the above mentioned loads.
With reference to the subjected Bearing capacity soil report, it just contains a unique soil condition
against the area which not more effect with variations of soil. Here below behaviors was founded
when borehole is going on.
However after the borehole drive, it meets rock at the end of 16.80m. So when concern about the
soil condition it may carry put with Silty soil and gravel soil condition more on driving borehole.
Hence the bearing capacity can resist under a Raft foundation of total building loads.
When concern about the Beams, the large span length with existing with 7500mm. The load
transfer mechanism totally acting on the largest span length beam and other resting structural
elements.
The columns structure could be resist with 04 number of design which presence of one critical
column design. Some of Conner shear wall could be implement for the resistivity of wind and
other external loads across with the membrane. So the containing 7500m span length subjected
beam will under critical loads and it should be more resistive to the loads which coming via up to
bottom.
Slab should be resist for the total load without sagging, hogging and buckling with the structures.
So the slab to be more thickness for transferring the loads via columns to bear. The critical slab to
be located in between the 7500mm span length beams and columns.
Hereafter the concrete mixture of the structure, should be more strength enough to bear the
compressive strength and tensile stress on the subjected building. For the columns, beams and
slabs could be use C25/30 grade of concrete for the casting with enough strength parameters.
Throughout the substructure could be carry out C30/35 concrete grade if may require as per the
loads. The super structure could be maintain under C25/30 concrete grade and substructure as
well.
Structural Elements which erecting
 Columns – Contains with 3 similar dimensional column with proper reinforcement and 1
critical column.
 Beams – Contains with 6 similar dimensional beams with reinforcement and 1 critical
beam.
 Shear walls – Mainly linked columns as mentioned in above.
 Slab – Reinforced concrete would be comes in C25/30 concrete grade.
 Light weight Parapet wall

Load Transfer Mechanism

The parapet wall just contains a Masonry block work and Water tank either. The Vertical loads
which coming out via top structures will transfer live loads and self-loads directly to the columns
through top slab. With distributing to the respective slabs and columns the whole load directly
apply on below structures respectively.
Gravity loads which arise from the love and dead loads are perspectival transferring to the entire
slab and intended to secondary beam, hereafter it carry out to the primary beam to tolerate.
Likewise the gravity forces which arise via dead loads and live loads directly transmit to the whole
structure. The intended loads for the secondary beams just via passing for the columns.
Correspondingly the total load of the structure will be subjected to the foundation structure of the
designed building. And throughout the axial power charges will be transfer to the columns.
Hence the whole structure with reinforced concrete for the dynamic load support via the
functionary of structural rigid elements of the building.

Framed features and its stabilization

The design interpreted framed structure can be interpreted mainly by beams and columns.
Likewise called in above the loads which coming gravimetric should undergoing and it just
transferring to the columns and to foundation. So for the support and rigidity, beams, columns and
other elements stands.
The cover's coverage extends between those with square surfaces to withstand the stress on the
bed's rocks.
The shearing walls and pillars around the elevator core will provide a high stability of the fractions
of the structure and also wind loads.

The Constitution of Foundation

As for the basic plan that is relevant to this concrete design structure, it may have to be pretended
as a staple fund. Due to the presence of a water table of 1 m. When the excavation is below ground
level, the water automatically rises. Prevention method should be to use the batteries before
starting the superstructure.

Method of Construction
 As first, the excavation should be speedup and initiate.
 Then the earth extends after a length of 6 m to 10 m.
 The battery cover is placed in the same direction for the other batteries along with the entire
battery as it belongs to a full cover. The dimensions will be extended by 30m width and
60m length.
 Concrete 40 degree will be thrown to the top and the top of the top.
 The ground floor will be located on the ground floor on the ground floor in a manner similar
to the adjacent buildings on both sides.
 Starters columns and wall must be built up and work with Rebar done before casting of
concrete punchers and shear walls etc.
 The reinforcement work of the ramp and concrete work with G30 concrete of ground floor
either.
  When after casting the ramps, the remaining columns and beams to transfer to the first
floor.
 So the plate on first floor will be cast by the concrete with elevator and separating walls.
 The upstairs columns and beams should be reinforced and cast with concrete with
intermediate columns.
 So the slab should be marked and located with the same level of the beams fixing and to
be concrete.
 And the finishing work to be start and speedup according to the client preferences and
architectural systems.

Structural Solution 02 – Design of Composite concrete floor with a coated steel section
columns
With reference to this structural solution, composite concrete floor with a coated steel section
columns. With the dynamic loads which coming out via the structure can be resist itself. The
basement should be implement and rigid because of loads must act on beams, columns and shear
walls via lateral and vertical loads.
When concern, the base of selected structure, stack of the base is not much resist and necessary. A
raft basement can be modified and it can be bear the living loads which coming via columns. And
the water table also resist at the below of 6m of the ground structure, so the water table will not
effect to the structure much more. So the composite structure could be reliable and effective.

Elements of structure
Main columns – Implement with 3 columns with concrete and steel.
Slab – Concrete will be cast with a steel mesh in G30 including layer wise concrete
Beam – Concrete will be casted with attached to the column.

Load Transfer Mechanism

Perpendicular loads on the plate of concrete, will transfer directly to the “I” Sections. Via “I”
sections of steel, the whole load intended to the coated steel columns and the universal load will
directly apply on the columns of the first section of column and to the respective floor.
Likewise, even the gravity forces arise from the loads which dead and live, are apply and transmit
to the structure of the disk and intended for the relevant sections. The loads which apply on steel
columns, the fully load will subjected and transmitted via axial force to the ground floor and
distributing.
Hence the whole structure will merge with concrete and metal will subjected under dynamic loads
and stresses and functioning as a rigid element.

Stability and the framed elements and features

Designed frame structure, could be implement by the specific columns and relevant “I” sections
mainly. With reference to the above listened the gravitational stresses with relevant to the plates
should be apply and transmit via steel columns for the foundation. The steel sections of “I” and
relevant structure help for the rigidity of work.

Framed features and its stabilization

The design interpreted framed structure can be interpreted mainly by beams and columns.
Likewise called in above the loads which coming gravimetric should undergoing and it just
transferring to the columns and to foundation. So for the support and rigidity, beams, columns and
other elements stands.
The cover's coverage extends between those with square surfaces to withstand the stress on the
bed's rocks.
The shearing walls and pillars around the elevator core will provide a high stability of the fractions
of the structure and also wind loads.

The Constitution of Foundation

As for the basic plan that is relevant to this concrete design structure, it may have to be pretended
as a staple fund. Due to the presence of a water table of 1 m. When the excavation is below ground
level, the water automatically rises. Prevention method should be to use the batteries before
starting the superstructure.

Method of Construction
 As first, the excavation should be speedup and initiate.
 Then the earth extends after a length of 6 m to 10 m.
 The battery cover is placed in the same direction for the other batteries along with the
entire battery as it belongs to a full cover. The dimensions will be extended by 30m width
and 60m length.
 Concrete 40 degree will be thrown to the top and the top of the top.
 The ground floor will be located on the ground floor on the ground floor in a manner
similar to the adjacent buildings on both sides.
  Starters columns and wall must be built up and work with Rebar done before casting of
concrete punchers and shear walls etc.
 The reinforcement work of the ramp and concrete work with G30 concrete of ground
floor either.
 When after casting the ramps, the remaining columns and beams to transfer to the first
floor.
 So the plate on first floor will be cast by the concrete with elevator and separating walls.
 The upstairs columns and beams should be reinforced and cast with concrete with
intermediate columns.
 So the slab should be marked and located with the same level of the beams fixing and to
be concrete.
 And the finishing work to be start and speedup according to the client preferences and
architectural systems.

1.2 An Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of construction of

concrete.
Structural Solution 01 – Structural concrete
Advantages of the Structural solution 01 – Structural concrete
 When concern to the cost, it may low intended as the design. Even the installation and
manufacturing of the concrete structures will be low.
 The structure withstand to the large volume of loads and construction loads and resistance.
 High reliability on presence of compression on resistance instead of other materials and for
the minor deviation with rigid construction part.
 Durability is high and no effect on correction. Reinforcement’s will cast in a concrete, so
the corrosion of the structure will be very low.
 Material requirement is low and few jobs to recruit.
 Even the pre-casting could be done with the shapes.

Disadvantages of the Structural solution 01 – Structural concrete

 The cost of casting the concrete, the location, work and even the transport somewhat
increases as required.
 In sometimes it’s difficult to perform as required.
 In sometimes the cracks will be form and it will be caused to construction phase.
 In reinforced concrete, the tensile stress value is low.
 Concrete mixing process, concrete casting even the hardening of the concrete will directly
affect the final compressive strength.
  When concern to the columns, the compressive strength is low value.
 In fire resistance. Its excluded and low safety instead of steel structures.

Structural Solution 02 - Concrete flooring bonded with coated steel columns for the specified
building.

Advantages of the Structural solution 01 – Structural concrete

 As to the other structures, this is more weight.
 Fire resistance is good comparatively. Less effective for the corrosion and fire with coated
steel structures.
 Reduces the effective slimness and resist for axial loads. Even the steel elements increases
the resistivity for the axial loads.
 For the all members this can be used effectively.
 Additionally more economical steels can be used to implement on composite structures.
 Stiffness is high and the deflection is low in build in steel beams.
 The structure can be speedup and build rather than concrete.
 Installations are quick and easy on generally in design elements.
 Characteristic of the structural steel are not changing.

Disadvantages of the structural Solution 02 – Composite structure.

 When cyclic stresses are applied to a material, even though the stresses do not cause plastic
deformation, the material may fail due to fatigue and therefore the strength will reduce
 When the temperature is increased the resistance of steels withstand a little only
 For a large load which changes in magnitude etc. with respect to time, the physical structure
of that particular load will change and it will not withstand it and at last an error may occur.
You may be worried about it due to cost you spent on it.

Evaluation report on two structures

With reference to the above mentioned two structures this could be lead for a many advantages
and disadvantages of the process of building.
When concern about the Structural solution 01, characteristics ideas can be get. The proposed
building is to build a 4 story structure. Hence, relevant and specific space will only eligible and
provide to the site and behave on it.
Foundation structure as a Raft Foundation
1.3 A description of the basic Foundation system adopted for the preferred
solution
1.4 A schedule specification for a concrete design solution and reinforcement
material

Concrete specification for the structure

Material Specification for the structure

Reinforcement specification
1.5 A method description for a safe building procedure for the building.
1.6 A statement about the building's robustness to avoid a disproportionate
collapse
1.7 Modifications necessary letter to the client

Diligence Construction (Pvt) Ltd,

"Diligence Towers" Level 14,
25, Rosmead Place,
Colombo 07,
Sri Lanka
Tel: +94 114444555 / Fax: +94 114444555
Web: diligenceconstruction.com

DC/SS/LT/CLIENT/O01
08.11.2017

Project Manager.
Colombo Kandy Service center project.

Dear Sir,

Project: - Service center project at Colombo-Kandy Expressway

Subject: - Mofification necessary to the first design for a similar building project.
Assuring our best corporation at all times.

Yours sincerely,

-------------------------------
Project Manager for Colombo Kandy Service center project.
Diligence Construction Pvt Ltd.
2.0 Design Calculations
Slab Design
Beam Design
Column Design
3.0 Drawings selected on Scheme superstructure

Section Drawing

General Load transfer Mechanism drawing

4.0 Sustainability appraisals
References

 Composite structures, (2014), Online, Available at:

https://www.steelconstruction.info/Composite_construction last accessed on 29th of October
2017.
 Concrete structure design report, (2004), Online, Available at :
https://www.google.lk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0
ahUKEwj_oeWf47HXAhUGgI8KHa0rBGwQFggmMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurocodes.fi%2
F1992%2Fpaasivu1992%2Fsahkoinen1992%2F1110_WS_EC2.pdf&usg=AOvVaw11H-
Cno0AxwbfKFAB9Jlis Last accessed on 3rd of November 2017.

 Euro Code Example, (2000), Online, Available at:

http://www.cstc.be/homepage/download.cfm?dtype=na_eurocodes&doc=worked-examples-
ec2-def080723.pdf&lang=en last accessed on: 25th October 2017.

 Reinforced concrete structure design report, (2011), Online, Available at :

https://www.google.lk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0
ahUKEwiUjaDQ4rHXAhWMRY8KHTTyDDoQFgg-
MAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monash.edu.au%2Flls%2Fllonline%2Fwriting%2Fengineering%
2Ftechnical-report%2F1.1.xml&usg=AOvVaw0BAZM_SMUmscgN4ibT7J9B Last accessed on 4th of
November 2017.
 Lecture motes and Euro Codes.