Math 112 Quiz Wednesday 10/10/18

None of the information in here is guaranteed to be accurate (I’m not a stellar student), use at
your own discretion.
Topics covered:
-Coordinate plane & Plotting points
-Generally, X axis is independent variable and Y is dependent variable
-Graphing sets
-Graph the set boundaries first. Equal to’s get solid lines, others get dashed lines
-When considering absolute values regarding sets, make sure to account for the positive
and negative facets of the absolute value
-Absolute values
-An absolute value measures distance from 0. In practice, this usually means removing
the negative from negatives.
-When dealing with nested absolute values, work from the innermost one
-Distance formula

𝐷 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
This allows you to calculate the distance between two points. You may designate either ordered
pair as “1” or “2” as long as both numbers in the pair stay consistent (i.g. x1 must be with y1, x2
must be with y2)
-Midpoint formula
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2

This allows you to find the midpoint of a line segment connecting two points.
-Graphing equations with two variables
-Pick values for X and solve for Y. Create a table, plot the points, connect your line. Be
sure to label axes and points on the graph.
-Finding intercepts
-To find the X intercept, set Y=0 and solve for X
-To find the Y intercept, set X=0 and solve for Y
-Some graphs (such as quadratics) can have multiple intercepts. Generally, you want to
factor quadratics to find the intercepts. This is not a hard and fast rule
-Tests of axial symmetry
-There are 3 tests regarding symmetry:
-WRT X-Axis: Test this one by setting Y to -Y in the equation and seeing if it
turns up equivalent
-WRT Y-Axis- Test this one by setting X to -X in the equation and seeing if it
turns up equivalent
-WRT Origin-Test this one by setting X to -X and Y to -Y and seeing if it turns up
equivalent
In case you aren’t sure, there are visual clues, too:
-Equations symmetrical WRT X-Axis do not change when reflected across the X-Axis
-Equations symmetrical WRT Y-Axis do not change when reflected across the Y-Axis
-Equations symmetrical WRT the Origin do not change when rotated 180 degrees
-Linear Equations
-Slope of a line
∆𝑌 𝑌 −𝑌
𝑚 = ∆𝑋 / 𝑋2 −𝑋1
2 1

-Point slope form. Use this to find the equation of a line given a point and the slope.
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
-Slope intercept form. This form defines a line with slope m, y-intercept b
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
-Vertical lines through example point (𝑎, 𝑏) have the form 𝑥 = 𝑎
-Horizontal lines through example point (𝑎, 𝑏) have the form 𝑦 = 𝑏
-General equations of a line
-These tend to be given in the format 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
-Rewrite these in slope intercept form, then work your algebraic magic to your desires
-Parallel + Perpendicular lines
-Lines are parallel if they share the same slope or if they are different vertical lines
-Lines are perpendicular when their slopes are negative reciprocals (they multiply to -1).
An easy way to visualize this is to graph them and evaluate whether they form any 90 degree
angles
-Definition of a function
-Functions are defined by elements in a set of pairs not producing more than one output
-Write the set out and connect respective X’s to their Y’s. If an X has more than one connection
leaving it, it isn’t a function
-Evaluating a function
-If asked for f(something), plug something into the given function and evaluate
-When evaluating piecewise functions, only plug something into the appropriate sub-
function
-Domains of functions
-To find these, exclude all numbers that will render a denominator 0 or result in a
negative under a square root
-Determining info from the graph of a function
-The domain encompasses all X values defined by the function
-The range encompasses all Y values defined by the function
-Graphing piecewise functions
-Plug appropriate values in each subfunction and graph them respectively
-Vertical line test
-To test whether a graph is a function, draw a vertical line through the graph. If any
vertical line would hit the graph twice, it is not a function.
-Equations that produce more than one value of Y for each value of X are NOT functions
-Functions’ oddness/evenness are determined by their exponent (I think, don’t quote me on this)
-Make sure to look over the shapes of Power, Reciprocal, and absolute value functions
-Average rate of change
-The average rate of change is given by
∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑏)−𝑓(𝑎)
𝐴𝑅𝐶 = ∆𝑥 = 𝑏−𝑎

-When given a linear function, the average rate of change is the slope (m)
-Shifts
When adding or subtracting constants to functions:
-If the constant is NOT in parenthesis with the variable, the function will shift up and down
-If the constant IS in parenthesis with the variable, the function will shift left and right. Negative
shifts right, positive shifts left.
 Formulas you need to know (among others)
-Distance Formula

𝐷 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
-Midpoint formula
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2

-Slope of a line
∆𝑌 𝑌2 − 𝑌1
𝑚= /
∆𝑋 𝑋2 − 𝑋1
Point Slope form
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
Average Rate of Change
∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑏) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝐴𝑅𝐶 = =
∆𝑥 𝑏−𝑎