Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GLOAL ISSUES
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2.1Exercise:Note-making methods
The development of new media has brought great changes
to our life, you are looking for information on the current
media revolution. Study the text (key points underlined) and
the notes in the box on. Compare the two notes from your
peers and Discuss with your partners which one is better
then write down the essential elements of note-taking.
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Student A:
Decline of newspaper:
Student B:
The death of the press (kate,willion, new business monthly,
may2013, p.37)
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2.2 SKILLS: USING ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations are an important and expanding
feature of contemporary English, widely used for
convenience and space saving. Students need to be
familiar with general and academic abbreviations.
Abbreviations take the form of shortened words,
acronyms and other abbreviations, as shown below.
NB
a) Do not abbreviate too much, or you may find the notes
impossible to understand in the future.
b) Sources should be noted in the same format as they will
appear in your references.
c) You need to develop your own style for note-making, to suit
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the nature of your subject.
Abbreviations in writing:
While many academic subjects have their own
abbreviations, there are certain abbreviations
common to all types of academic writing. They
include:
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2.3 Exercise:
You are preparing to write an essay on ‘The impact of
climate on history’. The text below is taken from a book
called Volcanic Disasters by E. B. Pitnam, published in
1993. Underline the relevant points and use the above
techniques to make notes.
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Paraphrasing involves changing a text so that it is
quite different from the source, while retaining the
meaning. This skill is important in several areas of
academic work. Effective paraphrasing is vital in
academic writing to avoid the risk of plagiarism.
2.4 EXERCISE:
THERE ARE SOME USEFUL SKILLS FOR PARAPHRASING,
DIONG THESE EXERCISES AND SUMMARY WHAT KIND OF
TECHNIQUES YOU CAN USE.
(ii) The growth of car industruy began in France and Germany, but
took off in the United States.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
(iii) There Henry Ford adapted the moving production line from the
Chicago meat industry to motor manufacturing, thus inventing mass
production
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
NB: a)Not all words and phrases can be paraphrased. For example,
economics, socialism or global warming have no effective synonyms.
b)Synonyms are not always exactly the same in meaning, and it is
important not to change the register.
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2.4.2 Change the word class of the underlined words,
and then re-write the sentences.
(i) In the 1920s Alfred Sloan’s management theories helped
General Motors to become the world’s dominant car
company.
Example: In the 1920s, with help from the managerial
theories of Alfred Sloan, General Motors dominated the
world’s car companies.
(ii) After the second world war the car makers focused on
the styling of their products, to encourage more frequent
model changes.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
(iii) From the 1970s there was criticism of the industry due
to the inefficiency of most vehicles, which used petrol
wastefully.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
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2.5 SKILLS:FINDING SYNONYMS:
The exercise above have demonstrated the
importance of synonyms. This section provides
some common synonyms in academic writing
and practice their use.
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2.6 Exercise
Successful paraphrasing is a step by step task
which cannot without note-taking. Look at
paraphrase from Cathy‘s essay(below):
Qoute1:
Gunderman(2012) observe that “ for a day, a
week, or perhaps even a month, we might feel a
bit better as a result of buying ourselves
something. In fact, however, this bump in
happiness is always short lived. Even lottery
winners who hit it really big tend not to be
happier than age-matched controls for more
than a few months, and some actually end up
miserable.”
NOTES:
Short time may feel happier after consuming.
Even lottery winners happier than non-winner,
same age for less than a year, some quite
unhappy after that.
Qoute3:
Research from the USA in 2008(in Dunn et al,2011)
found that “people who devoted more money to
prosocial spending were happier, even after
controlling for their income.”
NOTE:
______________________________After_______
__________________________________________
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2.6.3 look back at Cathy's first draft and help her leave
direct quotes to be paraphrased in this essay, use the
above steps to paraphrase these sections.
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Revised essay:
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Unit 2 Answer Key:
2.1
three elements:
Title, key point and reference
2.2
a)Information and communication technology/higher
education/and others
b)Genetically modified/for example
c)note/curricula vitae/human resource management
d)approximately/before common ear
e)PHD/SE
f)VC/PGCE
g)Prof. Wren/asap.
2.4.1
(2)It started in France and Germany, but accelerated
in the United States.
(3)There Henry Ford modified the moving assembly
line from the Chicago meat industry to car
manufacturing, thereby inventing mass production.
2.4.2
(2) After the Second World War the development of
car makers encouraged customers to buy new cars
more often than they needed to by increasing the
frequency of model changes.
(3) Later, from the 1970s, environmental criticism of
the industry focused on the production of inefficient
models which used too much fuel, contributing to
global warming.
2.4.3
(2) Some of the strongest brands in the world are
today owned by the industry.
(3) Many major car companies, however, struggle
with falling profits and stagnant markets. 16
Unit 2 Answer Key:
2.4.4
(A number of possibilities are acceptable here. These
are suggestions.)
The expansion of contemporary capitalism matches
the rise of the automobile industry. After starting in
Germany and France, it accelerated in the United
States. There the moving assembly line was modified
by Henry Ford from the Chicago meat industry to
manufacturing cars: the invention of mass production.
General Motors dominated the world’s car companies
in the 1920s, with help from the managerial theories
of Alfred Sloan. The development of ‘planned
obsolescence’ by the industry began after the Second
World War, by which the frequency of model changes
encouraged customers to buy new cars more often
than necessary. Environmental criticism of the
industry from the 1970s focused on the contribution to
global warming made by the production of inefficient
models which used too much petrol. At this time
increasingly militant
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Unit 2 Answer Key:
2.5
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