PROBLEMS

1-1. List five differences between SI engines and CI engines.

1-2. A four-stroke cycle engine mayor may not have a pressure boost (supercharger, turbocharger) in
the intake system. Why must a two-stroke cycle engine always have an intake pressure boost?

1-3. List two advantages of a two-stroke cycle engine over a four-stroke cycle engine. List two
advantages of a four-stroke cycle engine over a two-stroke cycle engine.

1-4. (a) Why do most very small engines operate on a two-stroke cycle? (b) Why do most very large
engines operate on a two-stroke cycle? (c) Why do most automobile engines operate on a four-stroke
cycle? (d) Why would it be desirable to operate automobile engines on a two-stroke cycle?

1-5. A single-cylinder vertical atmospheric engine with a 1.2 m bore and a piston of 2700 kg mass is used
to lift a weight. Pressure in the cylinder after combustion and cooling is 22 kPa, while ambient pressure
is 98 kPa. Assume piston motion is frictionless.

Calculate:

(a) Mass which can be lifted if the vacuum is at the top of the cylinder and the piston moves up. [kg]
(b) Mass which can be lifted if the vacuum is at the bottom of the cylinder and the piston moves down.
[kg]

1-6. An early atmospheric engine has a single horizontal cylinder with a 3.2-ft bore, a 9.0-ft stroke, and
no clearance volume. After a charge of gunpowder is set off in the open cylinder, the conditions in the
cylinder are ambient pressure and a temperature of 540°F. The piston is now locked in position and the
end of the cylinder is closed. After cooling to ambient temperature, the piston is unlocked and allowed
to move. The power stroke is at constant temperature and lasts until pressure equilibrium is obtained.
Assume the gas in the cylinder is air and piston motion is frictionless. Ambient conditions are 70 oF and
14.7 psia. Calculate: (a) Possible lifting force at start of power stroke. [lb£]; (b) Length of effective power
stroke. [ft]; (c) Cylinder volume at end of power stroke. [ft3]

1-7. Two automobile engines have the same total displacement volume and the same total power
produced within the cylinders. List the possible advantages of:

(a) A V6 over a straight six.

(b) A V8 over a V6.

(c) A V6 over a V8.

(d) An opposed cylinder four over a straight four.

(e) An in-line six over an in-line four.

1-8. A nine cylinder, four-stroke cycle, radial SI engine operates at 900 RPM. Calculate: (a) How often
ignition occurs, in degrees of engine rotation.;(b) How many power strokes per revolution.; (c) How
many power strokes per second.

1-10. Design a single-cylinder atmospheric engine capable of lifting a mass of 1000 kg to a height of
three meters. Assume reasonable values of cylinder temperature and pressure after combustion. Decide
which direction the cylinder will move, and give the bore, piston travel distance, mass of piston, piston
material, and clearance volume. Give a sketch of the mechanical linkage to lift the mass.

1-20. Design an alternate fuel engine to be used in a large truck by designating all engine classifications
used in Section 1-3.

1-30. Design a four-stroke cycle for an SI engine using crankcase compression. Draw schematics of the
six basic processes: intake, compression, combustion, expansion, blowdown, and exhaust. Describe fully
the intake of air, fuel, and oil.