CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter will present the research design, the subject and respondents of the study,

the data-gathering instrument, validity and reliability of the instrument, the data-gathering and

processing procedure, analytical schemes and the statistical tools that will be used in this

investigation and facilitated the data analysis.

Research Design

The researchers used descriptive research design in this study. Descriptive research

design means descriptive research methods are used when the researcher wants to describe

specific behavior as it occurs in the environment (Kakkar, 2015). Descriptive research designs

help provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how associated with a

particular research problem, a descriptive study cannot conclusively ascertain answers to why.

Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the

phenomena and to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a situation

(Lynn, 2015).

Participants of the Study

The participants of the study will be the Grade 12 students of Bacolod City National High

School Senior High School in the School Year 2017-2018. The study includes all the tracks of

grade 12 which consists 325 students.

The participants are selected using the Slovin’s Formula with the sample size of 181 out of 325

students that belong to different strands consists of 83 males and 98 females who are currently

enrolled for the First semester, School Year 2017-2018.

Stratified random sampling will also be used in the study. The researchers choose this

type of sampling for there had been no restrictions imposed to those who were tested where

every Grade 12 students will have an equal chance of inclusion in the sample.

Below shows the Slovin’s Formula:

Where:

n = the size of the sample

N = the size of the population

e = margin of error

Track Strand Sex Total

Male Female
N n N n N n
Academic STEM 24 13 16 9 40 22
ABM 13 7 45 25 58 32
HUMMS 7 4 41 22 48 26
SMAW 36 20 2 1 38 21
CCS 11 6 18 10 29 16
Non – Academic Bread and Pastries 15 8 26 14 41 22
Carpentry 26 14 1 1 27 15
Tailoring 1 1 22 11 23 12
Sports SPORTS 18 10 9 5 27 15
Total 151 83 180 98 331 181

Figure 3. Participants of the Study

Research Instrument

The researchers adapted the questionnaire from the Student Survey – GLSEN. This

questionnaire will serve as a device to gather the required data for this investigation.

Part I of the data-gathering instrument is about the profile of the participants which

includes the participant’s name (optional), gender, age and track.

Part II of the instrument is the questionnaire proper where the students will answer the

questions that measures the level of a student’s perspective in bullying

Furthermore, to determine the levels of student’s perspective in bullying, the following

codes and verbal interpretation will be used:

Code Verbal Interpretation

1 Not Noticeable

2 Barely Noticeable

3 Moderately Noticeable

4 Very Noticeable

Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument

The questionnaire was adapted from Student Survey – GLSEN. In today’s school

environment, students are facing new challenges. Since the instrument is standardized instrument

validation and reliability testing is no longer needed.

Data-Gathering Procedure

This study is focused in determining the level of bullying in Senior High School students

of Bacolod City National High School. Upon approval of the research problem, the researchers

will acquired a ready-made or standardized questionnaire prior to the data gathering. Since the

instrument is standardized, validity and reliability is no longer needed. A letter will be sent to

the office of the school principal asking permission to conduct a study on the Grade 12 SHS

students. Upon the approval of the school principal to conduct the study, sufficient number of

questionnaires will be produced. The data gathering through the questionnaires will be

personally conducted by the researchers to the participants. The purpose of the study and the

content of the questionnaire will be explained to participants as well. All research instruments

will then be recorded and tallied. After gathering the data, it will be tabulated, analyzed and

interpreted applying specified statistical treatments per objective and will be processed using

Statistical softwares, Microsoft Excel and manual computation.

Statistical Tools

The researchers will evaluate and analyze the data gathered according to the specific

objectives presented in Chapter 1.

For objectives 1 and 2 the mean will be used. Mean will be used for it is strongly

sensitive to the changes in the data because each measure is directly involved in the calculation

of the mean, that is, when the single change in any of the data values, the mean well. Mean is

able to solidify the measurement and summarizes the data that will be collected in which it is

used to make the data more valid.

 Below is the mean formula:

∑𝑥
𝑥̅ = 𝑁

Where:

𝑥̅ =mean

∑=Summation

X=weighted scores

N=number of population cases

The mean score for the level of bullying in Grade 12 students will be interpreted using
the following basis:

Mean Score Verbal Interpretation

3.28-4.03 Very High

2.52-3.27 High

1.76-2.51 Low

1.00-1.75 Very Low